The use of synthetic feed additives in Peking ducks has adverse effects on their growth and productivity. Spirulina sp., a blue-green algae, has the potential to be used as a safe feed additive that can enhance the growth and productivity of ducks. This study aims to analyze the effects of Spirulina (Spirulina sp.) powder as a feed additive on the histomorphometry of the duodenum in Peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), focusing on the duodenal lumen diameter, villus height, villus width, mucosal tunic thickness, submucosal tunic thickness, and muscular tunic thickness. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 35 ducks divided into 5 treatments and 5 repetitions. The treatments included a control group and the addition of spirulina powder in feed at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with a significance level of 5%, followed by Duncan's test. The results of data analysis showed that spirulina powder had a significant effect (P<0.05) on villus height and duodenal mucosa tunica thickness. The conclusion of this study is that spirulina powder has the potential to be used as a feed additive to improve digestive performance in male Peking ducks, as evidenced by the increase in villus height and thick tunica mucosa in the small intestine. The novelty of this study lies in the utilization of spirulina powder as a feed additive to increase the size of the duodenal tissue structure in Peking ducks. The results of this study are expected to be a new reference on the potential of spirulina as a feed additive to improve poultry feed quality and digestive performance, especially in peking ducks.

Indonesia, a leading palm oil producer, generates 1,250 tons of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) waste daily, typically disposed of through polluting combustion. This study explores repurposing OPEFB as a substrate for erythritol production, a popular sweetener with minimal impact on blood sugar. The research utilized Moniliella pollinis mutant SP5, a yeast capable of producing erythritol from various substrates. The process involved acid hydrolysis of OPEFB followed by fermentation. When fortified with 15% v/v molasses, OPEFB successfully served as an optimal carbon source for erythritol production, achieving a mass yield of 0.2878 g/g. Further improvement came through the use of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, with the best mutant (mutant 7) reaching a yield mass of 0.3298 g/g and volumetric productivity of 0.0534 g/L/h. This research aims to advance Indonesia's self-sufficiency in erythritol production while providing a sustainable solution for OPEFB waste reduction, simultaneously addressing economic and environmental concerns.

The presence of natural antioxidants in medicinal plants plays a crucial role in inhibiting the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this research is to explore more deeply all parts of A. esculenta L from flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, and stems for the levels of compounds and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitor activities. The flowers demonstrated the highest TPC with 173.15942 ± 6.5083 mg GAE/g. The stems exhibited the lowest TPC value at 69.1967 ± 2.8408 mg GAE/g. The flowers also showed TFC value of 83.157 ± 2.021 mg QE/g while the stems displayed the lowest with 36.7240 ± 1.337 mg QE/g. IC50 value that the flowers possessed the highest antioxidant activity with 22.6539 ± 1.6452 mg/mL, whereas the stems displayed a slightly lower. In terms of the inhibitor of a-amylase activity, the flowers had an IC50 value of 102.4885 ± 11.4370 mg/mL whereas the stems had a lower. The highest IC50 value of the a-glucosidase inhibitor was 76.95 ± 12.0888 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. The highest IC50 of pancreatic lipase inhibitor was 109.5943 ± 9.7391 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. This study show that there is a relationship between the high content of total phenolic and total flavonoids on antioxidants, antidiabetic and antilipase activities.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by parental traits and diet. Drosophila melanogaster is a potential disease model organism, sharing physiology and genetic similarities with humans. Previous research had focused on Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for obesity and diabetes, but not for MetS. This research aimed to determine the effect of both parental diet and high sugar fat (HSF) intake on glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride hemolymph levels of Drosophila melanogaster. Wild flies were purified in either control (standard) or MetS media (extra 3% sucrose and palm oil). Seventy-five pairs were divided into 5 groups, according to parental origin and feeding media, and maintained in five generations (F1-F5). Glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were measured using a colorimetric assay in three replications of each generation per group. Glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were significantly different in all treatment groups, the control groups, and between generations in each group (p<0.05). Higher glucose and triglyceride levels appeared in the youngest generation (F5) of all groups, and in the flies reared on HSF diets. Maternal HSF-exposed groups demonstrated a more pronounced impact of parental metabolic state on the glucose and triglyceride levels of the earlier generation. These findings highlight that parental exposure to HSF and prolonged HSF intake independently and synergistically lead to persistent and amplified metabolic dysregulation across generations. Drosophila melanogaster, modeled in this study, represents a novel experimental organism that is suitable for studying the epigenetic inheritance of MetS, gaining more consideration for the metabolic health consequences of long-term dietary habits and parental metabolic state.

This study aims to examine the use of cattle waste as organic fertilizer to minimize agricultural operational costs in Mrawan Village, Tapen District, Bondowoso Regency. Cattle waste, particularly manure, is an abundant local resource that has not been optimally utilized by the local community. The majority of farmers in the village still rely on chemical fertilizers, which are relatively expensive and have a negative impact on long-term soil health. Therefore, this program is designed to provide a sustainable alternative solution through an educational approach and community empowerment. The methods used in this activity include outreach, technical training, and direct assistance in the process of making organic fertilizer from cow manure. Education focuses on simple fermentation techniques, the composition of natural additives, and appropriate fertilizer application methods. Farmers are actively involved in every stage of the activity, so they become not only beneficiaries but also agents of change in environmentally friendly agricultural practices. The results of the activity indicate that the use of organic fertilizer from cattle waste can reduce the cost of purchasing chemical fertilizers by up to 40% in a single planting season. In addition, organic fertilizer has been shown to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, and support healthier plant growth. Environmental impacts are also reduced, as livestock waste management is more controlled and does not pollute water or air sources. Therefore, utilizing cattle waste as organic fertilizer not only reduces environmental pollution but also provides an economic and ecological solution that benefits local farmers. This program is expected to become a model for empowerment that can be replicated in other areas with similar characteristics.

This study employed qualitative methods with primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained through interviews, while secondary data were obtained from important documentation of the Mutiara Welirang Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods to obtain a comprehensive picture of the BUMDes' contribution to community welfare. The results of the study indicate that the Mutiara Welirang BUMDes plays an active role in improving the welfare of the Ketapanrame Village community through various services. These services include clean water management, environmental cleanliness management, interest-free loans, stall and kiosk rentals, and tourist attraction management. These various services are considered to have a positive impact on the social and economic conditions of the village community. An Islamic Economics review of the BUMDes' contribution indicates its alignment with Islamic economic principles. The activities carried out are mutually beneficial and align with Islamic values and welfare indicators in the maqashid sharia. This reflects the application of the values of justice, balance, and sustainability in village economic practices. The implications of these findings suggest that the Mutiara Welirang BUMDes can continue to maintain its positive performance and continuously improve the quality of its services. This effort is crucial to ensure the benefits are felt more widely by the community and to further strengthen the role of BUMDes as a driver of village economic development based on Islamic values.

An Environmental Park is an urban green open space that plays a crucial ecological, social, and aesthetic role. However, several established environmental parks in Malang City, namely Merjosari, Slamet, Merbabu Family, and Trunojoyo Parks, are experiencing a decline in visitors. This decline is attributed to a lack of functional optimization and aesthetic appeal, compounded by competition from newer parks. This research aims to evaluate the functional performance of these specific parks. The study employs the Key Performance Index (KPI) methodology to assess key aspects, including physical conditions, park quality, spatial design, park elements, and visitor activities. The results indicate that only Merjosari Park meets the standard criteria. Otherwise, Slamet Park, Merbabu Family Park, and Trunojoyo Park were categorized as below standard. These findings highlight the urgent need for the Malang City Environmental Agency, as the managing authority, to implement comprehensive improvements. Recommendations focus on enhancing the parks' physical components, quality, spatial layout, and amenities to revitalize their function and better serve the community.

The success of budding is influenced by various factors, including the technique employed and the application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs). This study aimed to determine the most effective budding technique and type of PGR to enhance the success rate and initial growth of Siam Pontianak citrus (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) seedlings. The research was conducted from March to May 2025 in Batu City, East Java, using a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The first factor was the budding technique: patch budding, T-budding, and chip budding. The second factor was the type of PGR: control (water), young coconut water (500 ml/L), and Atonik (1 ml/L). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant interaction between the two factors. However, as independent factors, the chip budding technique resulted in the highest success percentage and number of shoots (P0.05). The application of coconut water led to the fastest sprout emergence, as well as the greatest shoot height and number of leaves compared to the other PGR treatments and the control. It is concluded that chip budding is the superior method for graft union success, while coconut water is the most effective PGR for promoting the initial vegetative growth of the budded seedling.

The number of school-age adolescent girls in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, still faces serious challenges related to nutritional problems such as anemia and chronic energy deficiency (SEZ). Low nutritional literacy and unbalanced food consumption habits also worsen their nutritional status, especially during puberty when nutritional needs increase significantly. This service activity aims to increase the understanding and awareness of young women on the principles of balanced nutrition through a participatory educational approach. The implementation of the activity was carried out at SMP Negeri 2 Bunta, Simpang Raya District, involving 30 students in grades VII and VIII as well as UKS supervisory teachers. The intervention included providing material on "Fill My Plate", the 4 pillars of balanced nutrition, and the risk of nutritional disorders in adolescents. The material was delivered in the form of interactive counseling using leaflet media, accompanied by knowledge measurement through pre-test, post-test, and one-week post-activity evaluation. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in students' understanding of the principles of balanced nutrition, with the knowledge score of the good category increasing from 40% to 87%. Most of the participants were able to mention the composition of the meal portion, the importance of breakfast, restrictions on fast food consumption, and the need to drink enough water every day. This activity also has an impact on increasing the capacity of teachers in assisting and monitoring the health status of students through the UKS program. Teachers become more active in conducting periodic counseling and recording the nutritional development of female students on a regular basis. School-based balanced nutrition counseling has been proven to be effective in improving adolescent nutritional literacy. This educational model can be replicated in other regions with cross-sectoral support such as education offices, health centers, and village governments, to support the achievement of sustainable development goals in the health sector.

Stunting remains a chronic nutritional issue and a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas such as Jurang Village, Temanggung Regency. One of the key contributing factors to the high prevalence of stunting is the low level of maternal knowledge regarding balanced nutrition and the appropriate practice of providing supplementary feeding (Pemberian Makanan Tambahan or PMT) for children under five. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PMT menu leaflet media as a tool to increase mothers’ knowledge and awareness regarding stunting prevention. The research was conducted through a series of community-based surveys during Posyandu (integrated health post) activities across several neighborhood units (Rukun Warga or RW). These surveys identified cases of stunting and assessed the educational needs of mothers with young children. Based on the findings, a culturally and contextually adapted leaflet was developed, containing essential information about stunting, its early signs, the importance of PMT, and practical, nutritious recipes made from locally available ingredients. To expand accessibility, the leaflet also included a QR code linked to a digital e-book featuring 54 variations of PMT menus. The educational materials were distributed through door-to-door visits, accompanied by the direct provision of supplementary food, enabling immediate practice of the knowledge shared. Post-intervention results showed a significant improvement in maternal understanding of stunting and nutrition, as well as positive feedback regarding the clarity, relevance, and usefulness of the leaflet. The culturally tailored approach and integration of digital resources further enhanced engagement and knowledge retention. In conclusion, the PMT leaflet proved to be an effective, practical, low-cost, and replicable educational intervention to support community-based stunting prevention efforts in Jurang Village. This approach offers a promising model for similar rural areas facing high stunting rates across Indonesia.