The advancement of information and communication technology has revolutionized educational paradigms, demanding the presence of innovative and contextual learning methods. One transformative approach that is increasingly being adopted in the context of elementary education is the Virtual Field Trip (VFT) a digital-based field trip simulation that allows students to explore various educational locations virtually. This article aims to thoroughly analyze the implementation of VFT in elementary-level learning using a qualitative approach based on grounded research and life-history methods. Through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and the analysis of digital and audiovisual documents, this study reveals three main findings:  (1) VFT can broaden students' horizons and sharpen their imagination by virtually bridging real learning experiences; (2) This approach enhances student engagement and enthusiasm through immersive visual and interactive presentations; and (3) Learning becomes more meaningful and contextual, as students can understand concepts directly and in an applied manner. The analysis shows that VFT is not only a pedagogical solution to physical and geographical limitations but also a strategic tool to promote critical thinking, global awareness, and cross-cultural understanding from an early age. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of VFT implementation is highly influenced by technological readiness, educators’ digital competence, as well as institutional and parental support. Therefore, a comprehensive and adaptive implementation strategy is needed to optimize the potential of VFT as an inclusive and sustainable future learning instrument in elementary schools.

Perkembangan zaman dan modernisasi menuntut Hukum Waris Adat masyarakat Batak Karo untuk beradaptasi dengan tuntutan dunia modern. Dalam masyarakat Suku Karo, hanya anak laki-laki yang berhak menerima warisan, sementara anak perempuan tidak memiliki hak waris. Namun, anak perempuan dapat menerima "pemere" atau hadiah kasih sayang dari pewaris, yang dapat berupa emas, ladang, atau sawah yang dapat dikelolanya selama hidup. Pemberian "pemere" ini terkait erat dengan hukum adat dan telah menjadi tradisi turun-temurun dalam masyarakat Suku Karo. Perbedaan perlakuan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan dalam hal warisan sangat mencolok, dengan anak laki-laki memiliki kekuasaan penuh atas harta warisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data primer untuk memahami perkembangan dan perubahan dalam penerapan hukum waris adat Batak Karo. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengkaji data sekunder dari berbagai sumber, termasuk literatur, dokumen adat, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu tentang hukum adat dan modernisasi, untuk memberikan gambaran yang komprehensif tentang topik ini.

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is a government initiative aimed at alleviating poverty through empowering poor communities in various regions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of PKH in Teluk Ambon District, focusing on program effectiveness, challenges faced, and the impact on beneficiaries. The research uses a qualitative case study approach, collecting data through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that PKH implementation generally runs according to schedule and targets the right beneficiaries, despite some technical difficulties and challenges in data updating and public understanding. Coordination among stakeholders, continuous socialization, and optimal assistance are key factors for the program’s success. Moreover, PKH has significantly improved the welfare of poor families, especially in education and health sectors. However, improvements in monitoring and evaluation mechanisms and program flexibility are needed to better respond to social changes. This study recommends enhancing administrative systems and increasing the capacity of facilitators to ensure that PKH can be more effective and sustainable.

Oil and gas companies generally have large green areas as part of fulfilling environmental and aesthetic obligations in industrial areas. Routine maintenance such as grass cutting produces organic waste that needs to be managed efficiently to prevent negative environmental impacts. This study aims to calculate the generation of grass waste in oil and gas company areas by comparing two methods: direct weighing and sampling methods. The direct weighing method is carried out by collecting and weighing the results of the cutting in a limited area, while the sampling method involves taking samples from several representative points and extrapolating the results to the entire area. The results showed that the average grass waste generation was 0.286 kg/m². With an area of ??around 1,000 m², the total generation is estimated to reach 286 kg. Both methods have proven to complement each other: direct weighing provides precise data, while the sampling method allows for efficient estimation for larger areas. This data can be used as a basis for planning more adaptive, effective, and sustainable grass waste management, including the use of waste as organic compost that has economic value and is environmentally friendly.
 

Hikayat Malem Diwa is one of the classic literary works in the Malay-Aceh tradition that is rich in language and cultural values. This story contains various language styles, especially euphemisms and dysphemisms, which reflect social norms, moral values, and conflict dynamics in Acehnese society. This study aims to identify and analyze the forms and functions of these two language styles, emphasizing their semantic and narrative roles. Using a semantic approach and qualitative descriptive methods, data were collected through quotations in the text with documentation techniques, then analyzed based on the context of meaning and use. The results show that euphemisms are often used to convey moral values ??and politeness, especially in terms of death, respect, and violation of norms. In contrast, dysphemisms appear in the context of violence and character conflict, strengthening the tension and emotion of the story. Overall, the use of these language styles reflects the rhetorical strategies and cultural values ??of the Acehnese people.

Strengthening character at the elementary school (SD) level has a very important role in forming moral and ethical foundations for students. One approach that can be used to strengthen student character is through a habituation program. This research aims to determine the effect of the habituation program on strengthening the character of students at SDN No. 67 East City Gorontalo City. The type of research used is quantitative research with a non-experimental (correlational) research design. The population in this study were all students in grades I-VI of SDN No. 67 East City of Gorontalo, namely 140 people. The sample in this study were students of class IV-VI of SDN No. 67 East City, totaling 62 people. The results of the research show that there is an influence of the habituation program on strengthening the character of students at SDN No. 67 East City, Gorontalo City, meaning that the better the way the program is managed and implemented, the greater the influence it will have on strengthening character. The influence of the habituation program on strengthening students' character reached 38.8%, the remaining 61.2% was influenced by other factors.

This research is motivated by the existence of inappropriate behavior in a student who often justifies his behavior even though the behavior he shows is wrong. The objective to be achieved in this study is to determine whether there is a significant difference before and after classical psychoanalytic counseling is carried out on rationalization behavior towards the client. This research method uses a pre-experimental one group, pre-test-post test approach. The population is one of the students of the State Islamic University of Bukittinggi. The data is processed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 26 program using the Wilcoxon test. The results obtained in this study were changes in values ??between before and after counseling. Which means that there is a change in rationalization behavior before and after treatment is given. So it can be concluded that classical psychoanalytic counseling can be carried out in handling rationalization behavior towards the client. So, it is recommended that counselors when conducting counseling can use the classical psychoanalytic counseling model in dealing with one of the client's inappropriate behaviors, especially rationalization behavior.
 
 

Fairy tales are an important part of oral literature that reflects the cultural values and local wisdom of the community that supports them. This study aims to explore the values and meanings of local wisdom in the fairy tale "Mentiko Batuah" , a folk tale from Aceh that is rich in moral messages and cultural symbolism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a hermeneutic approach and content analysis. Data were collected through literature and documentation studies, then analyzed to reveal the cultural messages contained in the narrative structure, characters, conflicts, and symbols in the story. The results of the study show that "Mentiko Batuah" contains various local wisdom values, such as honesty, responsibility, justice, and criticism of greed and betrayal. This story also functions as a medium for character formation and strengthening the cultural identity of the Acehnese people. Thus, this fairy tale not only acts as a means of entertainment, but also as an educational instrument that has relevance in the context of cultural and moral learning. This research is expected to be a contribution to the preservation of oral literature and the development of local cultural literacy studies in Indonesia.

This study stems from the growing need to support university students' self-growth during early adulthood, a critical phase in preparing for independence and future careers. The Merdeka Belajar–Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) initiative, introduced by Indonesia’s Ministry of Education, provides diverse learning experiences beyond the classroom that are expected to foster personal development. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the MBKM program on various dimensions of student self-development, including cognitive, emotional, and social growth. Employing a quantitative research method, data were gathered through surveys distributed to students who took part in the program. The questionnaire measured specific indicators of personal development. Results indicate that the MBKM program significantly and positively contributes to the self-development of participants. Students demonstrated enhanced critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal as well as leadership skills. These findings suggest that experiential learning opportunities such as those offered by MBKM play a vital role in nurturing students' maturity and preparing them for professional challenges. As a result, universities are encouraged to embed similar programs within their curriculum to promote comprehensive student development..

This research examines North Korea's violation of the principle of good faith under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and its legal consequences. The main issue addressed in this study is North Korea’s breach of the good faith principle within the framework of the NPT, which raises legal implications regarding its status and obligations as a party to the treaty. Although North Korea was formally bound by the NPT, it secretly developed a nuclear weapons program, demonstrating non-compliance with the fundamental principle of international treaty implementation. This issue was further exacerbated by its refusal to allow inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its unilateral withdrawal from the NPT, which has sparked debate over the legitimacy and legality of such action.Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes North Korea’s clandestine development of nuclear weapons while still a member of the NPT, as well as the validity of its withdrawal from the treaty. The findings show that North Korea violated the principle of good faith through its secret nuclear program, refusal of IAEA inspections, and withdrawal that did not meet the requirements of Article X of the NPT. The withdrawal may be deemed invalid as it was conducted in bad faith and without fulfilling the treaty's formal provisions. The legal consequences include the continued applicability of obligations under the NPT and state responsibility for breaches of international law. Ideal forms of accountability include the cessation of the nuclear program, payment of reparations, guarantees of non-repetition, and renewed compliance with NPT provisions through verifiable denuclearization.