Adolescent career independence is a crucial aspect in facing the increasingly competitive world of work. This article discusses the role of education and environment in shaping adolescent career independence. Education, both formal and non-formal, provides the foundation of skills and knowledge needed to enter the world of work. On the other hand, the environment, including family, peers, and social communities, plays a role in shaping adolescents' mindsets, values, and motivations in planning their future. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study to explore the factors that influence adolescent career independence. The results show that quality education, effective career guidance, and positive environmental support contribute greatly to increasing adolescent readiness to make career decisions independently. In conclusion, collaboration between education, family, and society is key to building a young generation that is independent and ready to face the challenges of the world of work.

Learning assessment at the primary school and madrasah level plays an important role in supporting a holistic education process. This study aims to explore teachers' understanding of formative and authentic assessments and the challenges they face in implementing them. Data shows that around 60% of teachers still rely on written test-based summative assessments, which tend to measure limited cognitive abilities and can cause stress in students. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this research involved interviews with teachers and analysis of learning documents. Results show that teachers' understanding of formative and authentic assessments greatly affects the effectiveness of their implementation. Teachers who understand the importance of formative assessment are better able to provide constructive feedback, while an understanding of authentic assessment allows them to design tasks that are relevant to the real context. Challenges such as limited training and the habit of using traditional methods are still obstacles. This study recommends the need for continuous training for teachers to improve their understanding and skills in designing more diverse and effective assessments. Thus, it is expected that assessments can create more engaging learning experiences and support students' holistic development.

The purpose of writing this review article is to analyze the formulation and evaluation of the use of various additives in effervescent tablets. The method used is a literature review taken from journals and other relevant research results regarding the formulation and evaluation of additives in various types of effervescent tablets. The purpose of this analysis is to provide a summary of relevant publications and to improve current understanding in this field. The importance of the formulation and evaluation of additives in effervescent tablets cannot be ignored, because it is a crucial aspect in product development. Decisions in the use of additives must consider the objectives to be achieved, the desired physical characteristics, product stability, and the level of consumer acceptance. With a deep understanding of this formulation and evaluation, we have the potential to produce high-quality effervescent tablets. Variations in additives can also provide different taste and texture characteristics, which of course can affect consumer acceptance.
 

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using the lecture method to enhance students’ comprehension of Ottoman Turkish History in class VIII at SMPN 1 Telagasari. The primary issue identified is the students' low grasp of historical content, which tends to be chronological and information-heavy. The study adopts a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach, conducted in two cycles, each comprising planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection phases. Data collection was done using a 20-item multiple-choice test and analyzed quantitatively. Findings revealed that only 10% of students passed in the pre-cycle with an average score of 25, increasing to 40% in the first cycle with an average score of 35, and reaching 45% in the second cycle with an average score of 45. Despite the incremental improvements, the outcomes did not meet the minimum success criteria (?75% of students achieving the passing score). This indicates that the lecture method alone has limitations in significantly enhancing students’ understanding unless integrated with more interactive teaching strategies.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by non-BPJS private hospitals in increasing revenue and competitiveness amidst the dominance of BPJS services in Indonesia. Private hospitals face challenges in attracting patients due to the perception of high service costs and limited public access. However, they have advantages in speed of service, modern facilities, and direct access to specialists. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach to various secondary sources such as scientific journals, industry reports, and policy documents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of a marketing strategy based on the 7P marketing mix concept (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence), digital marketing, and customer relationship management through Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are key to increasing patient attraction and loyalty. Collaboration with private insurance also provides added value through ease of payment and access to premium health services. This study provides recommendations for hospitals in developing adaptive, holistic, and patient satisfaction-oriented marketing strategies.

This study uses a qualitative method to explore how social media listening, combined with a machine learning approach, can be utilized to predict consumer trends in modern marketing strategies. In today’s digital era, social media serves as a rich data source for capturing consumer preferences, needs, and behaviors in real time. With machine learning algorithms such as natural language processing (NLP) and sentiment analysis, data from platforms like Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok can be processed to identify patterns that indicate market trends. This approach not only enables companies to respond quickly to consumer dynamics but also allows them to craft more targeted and data-driven marketing strategies. This study examines five major brands that implement social media listening as part of their digital strategy by observing consumer conversations, dominant emotions, and viral issues. The findings show that the integration of social media listening and machine learning can serve as an effective predictive tool in developing adaptive and contextual marketing campaigns.

This study analyzes the impact of employee welfare on working conditions at PT P, focusing on welfare policies and facilities such as health insurance, employment insurance, on-site clinic services, maternity leave, workload balance, and working hours. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through interviews and direct observation of several employees. The findings show that company-provided welfare positively influences working conditions. Health facilities and work protection increase employees' sense of security and comfort. In addition, fair working hours, sufficient rest time, and attention to both physical and psychological well-being enhance work motivation and employee loyalty. Employees feel appreciated when the company supports work-life balance, leading to a more productive, harmonious, and low-conflict work environment. The study concludes that employee welfare is a key factor in shaping the quality of the workplace. 

The modulation of the structures and electronic properties of transition metal complexes by multi-ligands coordination has been widely exploited to enhance the catalytic?efficiency in organic transformations. Here, we present synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes of multidentate ligands- EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline and?N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). The Pd-NHC complex displayed the high catalytic activity for hydrogenation as well as?small-molecule activation, up to 450 h?¹ of turnover frequency (TOF) and total conversion of styrene to ethylbenzene at room temperature, and is higher efficient than Cu-EDTA (TOF =120 h?¹), Ni-Phen (TOF= 85 h?¹). The DFT calculation with Pd-NHC system showed that the small HOMO-LUMO gap (3.2 eV) and the short Pd–C bond (1.95 Å) of Pd-NHC,?which could facilitate the transfer of the growth species, contributed to the low energy of activation (28 kJ/mol). Mathematical?model also discussed its high catalytic activity (TOF/Ea = 16.07 h?¹·kJ?¹·mol) due to the strong ?-donor ligands and proper geometry. These findings underscore the influence of ligand architecture to secure transition states and modulate electron density in designing efficient sustainable catalysis that is?industrially relevant.

The application of learning media based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an important part in improving the quality of learning in elementary schools, especially in class V of SD Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Pekalongan. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using ICT media in improving interactivity, attractiveness, and flexibility of learning, as well as identifying obstacles faced during the teaching and learning process. The method used is qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews with teachers, questionnaires to students, and direct observation of the learning process. Qualitative data was analyzed using a thematic approach, while quantitative data was processed descriptively and inferentially to measure student engagement and understanding. Data triangulation was conducted to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. The results show that ICT media can increase students' motivation and involvement in learning, provide flexibility in accessing materials, but there are obstacles in the form of adjusting learning materials and limited supporting infrastructure. In conclusion, the integration of ICT media in basic learning needs to be supported by training for teachers and infrastructure development so that its implementation is more optimal and has a positive impact on the quality of education.

Research on the development of PowToon-based video learning media on the material on the definition of angles and various angles. The purpose is to discover the development of Powtoon-based video learning media and the feasibility of Powtoon-based video learning media developed for grade III students of SDN Singajaya 01 through the learning process carried out at school. The method used in this study is the ADDIE method which consists of 5 stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. In this study, a validation test was carried out on experts, namely media, language experts, and material experts. The results of the validation of media experts obtained as many as 96% with very feasible criteria. The results of the validation of the language experts obtained 100% with the feasible criteria, and the results of the validation of the material experts obtained 90% with very feasible criteria. The results of the student response questionnaire obtained as much as 92% with very feasible criteria. These results show that powtoon-based video learning media on the understanding of angles and various angles has proven to be valid, interesting, innovative and very feasible to be used in the learning process. This study recommends the development of PowToon-based video learning media that can be used in classroom learning.