This paper explores the integration of digital media in enhancing students’ learning discipline within the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK), both at home and in school. In today’s digital era, digital media serves as a vital tool to support an interactive, flexible, and engaging learning process. Research indicates that digital media use can improve student motivation and engagement, which positively influences their study discipline. However, challenges such as limited technology access, low digital literacy, and potential distractions must also be addressed. The collaborative role of parents and educators is crucial in ensuring the effective use of digital media. Through this approach, digital media integration is expected to foster an adaptive, inclusive educational ecosystem that supports the development of student discipline and character.

This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by phase B learners in primary schools in the skill of writing description essays. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, which involves observation and in-depth interviews with 20 learners. The results of the analysis showed that the difficulties in writing description essays resulted from several factors, including a lack of understanding of text structure, a lack of vocabulary, and a lack of motivation to learn. In addition, environmental factors such as support from parents and teachers also affect students' writing ability. This research is expected to provide insights for teachers and related parties in improving description essay writing skills so that students can develop optimally.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of advertising-based learning strategies in training Arabic language skills of students at Tadzibun Nasyiin Elementary School. By utilizing the activity of making and reading advertisements both posters, brochures, and oral announcements students are encouraged to apply Arabic vocabulary and sentence structures contextually. Descriptive qualitative methods were used through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of the results of advertising work. The results showed an increase in active participation and student confidence by an average of in the aspects of Arabic speaking and writing skills. The activity of making advertisements successfully facilitated the use of new vocabulary, while reading advertisements trained fluency and pronunciation. Thus, advertising-based strategies are recommended as an innovative alternative in Arabic language learning at the elementary school level.

In order to improve the development of Islamic businesses, business actors are advised to improve their understanding of sharia principles, develop innovative products that meet market needs, and implement ethical marketing strategies. The government needs to take supportive policies, such as issuing regulations that facilitate the development of Islamic businesses, providing education and training programs for business actors, and facilitating access to financing through financial institutions that offer Islamic products. For future research, it is recommended to conduct case studies on successful sharia business actors, analyze the impact of government policies on the growth of this industry, and conduct comparisons with other countries that have more advanced sharia industries to gain insights and best practices that can be applied.

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions for artificial flower products, marketing strategies used, and challenges in production and distribution. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied through a case study on the Fake Flower Plastic business. Data were collected via interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. The results indicate that product quality, aesthetics, pricing, and social media influence significantly affect consumer decisions. Digital marketing via social media and influencer collaboration proved effective in reaching target consumers. Production challenges include raw material efficiency and sustainability, while distribution is hindered by logistics and packaging issues. The study recommends improving product quality, design innovation, and strengthening marketing and distribution strategies to support sustainable business growth.

The aim of this research is to determine how effective role-playing is in improving students' understanding of noble moral values in the subject of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMAN 6 Karawang. The background of this research is the importance of internalizing noble morals among students, which requires an active and contextual learning approach. This qualitative approach uses a classroom action research design (CAR). A total of thirty students from class XI-I are the subjects of the study. Observation, tests, and documentation are the data collection methods. The results of the study show that using role-playing methods can enhance students' understanding of moral values such as honesty, trustworthiness, humility, and keeping promises. This is evidenced by the increase in the average scores of students in each cycle, as well as the increase in student participation and positive attitudes during the learning process. Therefore, role playing has proven to be an effective learning approach in teaching noble moral values in Islamic secondary schools.

The purpose of this study was to find out about the early observation of visual-spatial intelligence at RA Rahmatullah Tanjung Morawa. The results of the observation were seen during security activities, children were involved in drawing activities freely. From here, it can be observed that some children have shown good development in visual spatial intelligence. This can be seen from their ability to draw objects around them and combine colors to create images that match their vision. This study aims to explain the results of the study on the development of children's visual spatial intelligence. The type of research adopted in this study is qualitative research. The method chosen in this study is qualitative with a type of phenomenological research, which is intended to explore the phenomena that occur in the school environment to provide the information needed. From the results of the study obtained through observation and interviews with class teachers of group B at RA Rahmatullah Tanjung Morawa, it can be seen that the development of children's visual spatial intelligence in group B has developed well. The intelligence possessed by children is shown by their ability to perceive the visual world, namely the ability to capture and mix colors when coloring, their pleasure in drawing and doodling, imagining, making simple designs, and the ability to understand direction and shape, and also in creating various shapes.

This study aims to improve the narrative writing skills of third grade students of MI Rahmatullah Jambi City through the application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) method. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles, each consisting of two meetings. Each cycle includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation of educators' and learners' activities, as well as assessment of students' narrative writing results. The results showed a significant increase in learning activities and students' narrative writing skills. The average score of teacher activity increased from 42.9 in Cycle I Meeting I to 96.5 in Cycle II Meeting II. Learners' activities also increased from a score of 54.5 to 80.4 at the end of the cycle. In addition, the average score of students' narrative writing skills increased from 44.9 at the pre-cycle stage to 89.5 at the end of Cycle II. These findings prove that the CTL method is effective in creating active, meaningful learning and improving narrative writing skills. Thus, CTL method is recommended as an innovative learning strategy in Indonesian language learning.

Correspondence is one of the most important formal communication media in an organization because it functions to convey information clearly, systematically, and well-documented so as to support smooth communication between departments. This study aims to determine the role of correspondence in improving the effectiveness of organizational communication, as well as identifying challenges and solutions applied in its management. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation studies in an organization. The results of the study indicate that correspondence is effective as a formal communication tool that supports coordination between departments, although there are several obstacles such as late delivery and incorrect letter formats. Solutions such as administrative training, use of electronic filing systems, letter writing guidelines, and supervision have been proven to help improve the quality of correspondence. With good management, correspondence contributes significantly to improving the effectiveness of organizational communication as a whole.

This study investigates directive speech acts in Chapter 1 of the Japanese manga *Dandadan*, focusing on how characters use language to influence others’ behavior. The objective is to classify the types of directive utterances and analyze their pragmatic functions based on the speaker and context. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, using pragmatic theory to analyze speech data taken directly from dialogue panels. The analysis identified nine instances of directive speech acts, which include commands, prohibitions, invitations, and requests. Ayase Momo emerges as the character who produces the most directive utterances, predominantly in the form of commands and prohibitions, indicating her dominant and assertive communication style. Okarun, in contrast, tends to use polite requests and prohibitions, suggesting a more cautious and respectful approach. The findings reveal that the types of directive speech acts used are closely related to each character’s personality and the emotional context of the scene. These results underscore the role of speech acts in character development and narrative dynamics within manga. The study’s implication lies in showing how linguistic choices in manga dialogue reflect interpersonal power relations and emotional intensity. Future research is encouraged to explore directive speech acts across multiple chapters for broader insights.