Penggunaan model pembelajaran yang tidak bervariasi menyebabkan siswa kurang antusias dalam pembelajaran IPS, hal tersebut berdampak pada hasil belajar IPS siswa yang kurang maksimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental design jenis nonequivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian ini ialah seluruh peserta didik kelas V SDN Kebun Bunga 6 dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 50 dan kelas nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol 45. Adapun nilai posttest pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh hasil rata-rata 89,38 dan kelas kontrol memperoleh nilai rata-rata 65,79. Hasil uji t posttest dengan perhitungan Independent Sample t-Test diketahui nilai signifikansi 0,000 dan thitung 7,537. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak, yang artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar IPS siswa.

Purpose : The purpose of this research is to empirically test and analyze the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility, Profitability, Capital Intensity, and Inventory Intensity on the Effective Tax Rate with Firm Size as a moderating variable.


Method : The population consists of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2018-2023, totaling 91 companies. Sample selection used a purposive sampling approach, resulting in 150 data analysis units after excluding 63 outliers, analyzed using the Eviews 12 program. The study uses unbalanced panel data from secondary sources in annual reports. Data analysis techniques were conducted using descriptive statistical approaches and inferential statistical analysis.


Findings : The research findings indicate that Corporate Social Responsibility and Inventory Intensity have no significant effect on the Effective Tax Rate (ETR). In contrast, Profitability negatively affects the ETR, while Capital Intensity has a positive effect. Furthermore, Firm Size moderates the relationship between Inventory Intensity and ETR but does not significantly moderate the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility, Profitability, or Capital Intensity.

Novelty : The study builds upon and extends previous research on the effects of CSR, profitability, capital intensity, and inventory intensity on the ETR by using recent data (2018–2023) and incorporating firm size as a moderating variable to provide a more comprehensive analysis in the Indonesian context.

This research was conducted based on the problem of many students at elementary school CIBOGO who have not mastered the basic movements of floor gymnastics cartwheels, this research attempts to apply learning that can foster students’ interest and self-confidence in learning floor gymnastics cartwheels, the method used is to apply floor gymnastics cartwheel learning through rubber rope media. This research is a classroom action research with the research subjects of grade IV students of elementary school CIBOGO. The results of the study showed an increase in student learning outcomes after the implementation of learning through the rubber media from cycle I to cycle II. The results after implementing cycles I and II showed that student scores increased from the initial number of students who had completed only 17 students or 53.12% with the lowest score of 67.5. increased significantly to 28 students or around 87.5% of students who completed. And students who had not completed were 4 students or 12.5%. So it can be concluded that the method of learning floor gymnastics cartwheels through rubber rope media can improve student learning outcomes in learning physical education, health and sports, material floor gymnastics cartwheels.

This study aims to understand the influence of emotions, especially anxiety and motivation, on the chemistry learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method, involving seven students from various levels of education. Students of the class of 2024 experience academic anxiety related to their choice of major, inability to attend lectures, and uncertainty about the future. Meanwhile, final year students face anxiety about completing their studies and the challenges of entering the workforce. The results of the study show that excessive anxiety has an impact on low student engagement in learning, especially in class discussions and problem solving. Students with high anxiety tend to rely on passive learning methods and have difficulty understanding chemistry concepts in depth. In contrast, high motivation plays a role in increasing academic engagement, building better conceptual understanding, and encouraging students to be more active in finding solutions to learning difficulties. These findings emphasize the importance of learning strategies that can reduce academic anxiety and increase student motivation. A more interactive learning approach and emotional support from the academic environment have the potential to create a more effective and productive learning experience. Thus, this study provides insights for educational institutions to design more adaptive strategies in improving the quality of chemistry learning.

Pada zaman modern peserta didik di tuntut untuk memiliki suatu keterampilan. Salah satu keterampilan yang penting untuk selalu ditingkatkan adalah kemampuan kolaborasi. Keterampilan kolaborasi dapat menumbuhkan rasa tanggun jawab, memberikan pengalaman, meningkatkan karakter yang baik serta melatih kekompakan bagi siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kolaborasi pada siswa kelas VIII C di SMP Negeri 31 Semarang dengan mengunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis make a match pada pembelajaran IPS. Penelitian ini di lakukan dalam 2 siklus dengan total 4 pertemuan. Metode penelitian mengunakan metode observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini adalah adanya peningkatan rata-rata nilai yang di peroleh dari siklus I adalah 79,17 kemudian meningkat pada siklus II sebesar 83,20 kategori ini dapat di klasifikasikan dari kolaboratif menjadi sangat kolaboratif. Uji N-Gain pada penelitian ini menunjukan hasil 0.56 dengan kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pembelajaran make a match dapat meningkatkan keterampilan kolaborasi pada siswa kelas VIII C. hal ini di perkuat dengan antusian siswa dalam kolaborasi kelompok.

 Every child born into a family has different genetic characteristics and is exposed to different social environments, including their birth order. Each child's attitude, personality, and behavior will be influenced by those factors. Within the family, the sense of responsibility of the eldest child, the middle child, and the youngest child will differ due to the differences they have as members of the social group. Therefore, it is necessary to examine this to find out the effect of birth order on children's sense of responsibility by taking samples from early childhood aged 5-6 years as the firstborn, the middle child, and the youngest child. This study used a quantitative-correlational method with questionnaires as data collection techniques. The results of this study obtained data and facts that the birth order process showed an influence in several aspects, such as children can respect time, obey the rules, return items according to their place, accept the risk of actions taken, protect their belongings, do not easily blame or accuse others, are willing to admit and apologize for mistakes made, and do activities before being directed or ordered. Birth order is proven to have a significant positive influence on children's sense of responsibility. 

This study analyzes the effectiveness of an inclusive learning model in sports matriculation to increase the active involvement of 3T students in college. This model is implemented through an experience-based approach, social interaction, and adaptation strategies designed. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires to measure the level of student involvement. The results of the study indicate that the inclusive learning model increases student participation in discussions, group work, and practice-based activities. Students experience increased social skills, especially in communication and teamwork. Student self-confidence also increases along with the implementation of learning strategies that encourage their active involvement. In terms of understanding the material, practice-based and experimental methods are proven to be more effective than conventional lectures. This study provides insight into the importance of an inclusive approach in sports matriculation to increase the involvement of 3T students in college.

Self-confidence or self-confidence is the attitude of every individual who feels confident in their
abilities to be able to carry out an action without being influenced by others. Based on the results of initial
observation data at ANNUR Kedungringin Islamic Kindergarten, self-confidence in children is still said to
be low, namely 12%. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Morning Circle Activities to Increase
Self-Confidence in 5-6 Year Old Children at ANNUR Kedungringin Islamic Kindergarten and How Much
Influence Morning Circle Activities Have to Increase Self-Confidence in 5-6 Year Old Children at ANNUR
Kedungringin Islamic Kindergarten. This type of research is quantitative research, using an experimental
method with a One Group Pre Test Post Test design. In this study, the population used as a sample was 24
students of class B of ANNUR Kedungringin Islamic Kindergarten who became the experimental class. Data
collection techniques used observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that morning
circle activities are effective in increasing the self-confidence of children aged 5-6 years at ANNUR
Kedungringin Islamic Kindergarten. This is proven by the results of the hypothesis test from the pre-test
and post-test of the experimental class with the paired sample t-test proven by the results of Sig. (2-tailed)
0.000 <0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It can be concluded that there is an average difference
between the results of the Pre- test and Post-test studies through the N-Gain test, the results obtained are
0.611, which is in the moderate category.

This study aims to determine the effect of teacher certification on teacher pedagogical competence (PAUD) in Karangawen District, Demak Regency. Teacher certification is expected to improve pedagogical competence, which includes understanding and implementing effective teaching methods for early childhood. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method with the population of this study being PAUD teachers who have been certified in Karangawen District, Demak Regency. The samples were taken from 30 PAUD teachers who had been certified in Karangawen District, Demak Regency, with a systematic nonprobability sampling. The data analysis technique used a simple linear regression test with a hypothesis test using the t-test, the coefficient of determination (R-Square). The results of the reliability test were 0.745. The data analysis used was the normality test using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method with a significance value of 0.200> 0.05. Based on the simple linear regression test, it shows a significance value of 0.000, which is smaller than the probability value of 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that hypothesis Ha stating that there is an influence of teacher certification on the pedagogical competence of PAUD teachers is accepted, and hypothesis Ho is rejected. The results of the R Square value of 0.998 or 99.8%, show that teacher certification has a significant effect on the pedagogical competence of PAUD teachers

This study aims to identify the challenges encountered in the collection of PBJT (Tax on Services for Hotel, Food, and/or Beverages) and to examine the efforts made by the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) to optimize tax collection. The researcher employed data triangulation as an analytical method to process both primary and secondary data obtained through interviews and observations. The findings indicate that challenges arise from both taxpayers and internal factors within BPKAD Yogyakarta City. Challenges on the taxpayers' side involve issues such as incomplete taxpayer data, low compliance, and limited financial capacity. Internal obstacles within BPKAD include limited tax collection personnel, lack of integration in the taxation information system, the ineffectiveness of forced collection letters, weak administrative sanctions, and negative perceptions of tax relief or amnesty policies. The efforts made to address these issues include direct engagement through the Regional Tax Week initiative, enhanced inter-agency cooperation, ongoing public outreach, service innovation in tax payments, integration of internal data systems, enforcement actions against non-compliant taxpayers, implementation of administrative sanctions, and the development of digital-based tax collection technology.