This study focused on creating an innovative learning tool – a rotating solar system model – to help sixth-grade elementary students in Natural Sciences (IPA) better understand the solar system. We identified key challenges in teaching this topic: students often showed low interest and struggled with the abstract concepts of planetary movement. To address these issues, we used a Research and Development (R&D) approach following the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The rotating solar system model was designed as a three-dimensional teaching aid that students could manually rotate. This simple yet educational design visually demonstrates the orbit and rotation of planets around the sun. During development, we consulted with subject matter experts and media experts to ensure the content's accuracy and visual quality. Validation results were highly positive, with average scores of 88% from subject experts, 83% from media experts, and 92% from practitioners, all categorized as "good." We then conducted a limited trial with 29 sixth-grade students at SD Negeri 222 Palembang. The results were encouraging: we observed a significant improvement in conceptual understanding, as evidenced by pre-test and post-test score comparisons, as well as an increase in student motivation during the learning process. 

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal status of fiduciary collateral objects designated as state-confiscated assets that have been auctioned, and to examine the resolution of the state's rights in confiscating and auctioning fiduciary collateral objects in relation to the rights of financing companies as fiduciary creditors whose claims remain unsettled. This study employs a normative juridical research method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The results show that fiduciary collateral objects confiscated and auctioned by the state do not automatically nullify the creditor’s rights, as the principle of droit de suite entitles creditors to claim the object or the proceeds from its sale. Regulatory ambiguity creates legal uncertainty and discourages fiduciary-based financing practices. From a justice perspective, the state must not arbitrarily execute assets without considering the legitimate rights of creditors. Resolution of the conflict between the rights of the state and creditors must be carried out proportionally through criminal, civil, or non-litigation avenues, in order to establish a balance between law enforcement and creditor protection, thereby maintaining stability in the financing sector.

Village development is an important pillar in national development, where community participation is a key factor in achieving success. The Village Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMDes) serves as a strategic document that guides development policies and programs at the village level, with community involvement crucial to ensure that their needs and expectations are met. This study identified three important aspects of community participation: as a tool to obtain information, to increase trust in development programs, and as a democratic right. Despite challenges in involving the community, such as a lack of understanding of planning mechanisms and time constraints, the hope for increasing participation remains. Qualitative research methods were used to explore the most effective methods in increasing community involvement. The results showed that active community participation in the preparation of the RPJMDes in Tembung Village can increase transparency, accountability, and relevance of development programs, thus creating inclusive and sustainable development. Cooperation between residents and the village government is the key to achieving optimal development results that are felt by all levels of society.

Abu Ubaid’s economic thinking, particularly in the context of wealth distribution and social justice, provides important insights for the management of Islamic economics. Through his work Kitab al-Amwal, Abu Ubaid emphasizes the role of the state in distributing the wealth of the people fairly and the obligation of individuals to pay zakat and sedekah. His thinking that focuses On equity, transparency, and accountability in wealth management remains relevant amidst the challenges of global economic inequality. Abu Ubaid’s ideas on social justice and wealth distribution provide guidance in building a more equitable and sustainable economic system.
 

Every citizen has the right to get a job. Meanwhile, the work that is necessary for people to live a decent life for humanity is a job that pays enough and does not cause accidents or diseases. Law on Health No. 17 of 2023 Law No. 1 of 1970 on Occupational Safety: This law is the legal basis for the implementation of K3LH in Indonesia. Law No. 13 of 2003: Article 88 paragraph (1) of this Law states that every worker has the right to protection for occupational safety and health.  Permenaker No. 5 of 1996: This regulation regulates the K3 Management System. Meanwhile, getting enough wages in jobs in our country is very difficult and the weak protection of workers, especially regarding freelance daily workers, has not received much attention in the government's observation. Legal protection plays a crucial role in ensuring that K3 coaching runs effectively and sustainably. This includes regulations that require K3 training, the appointment of competent K3 officers, and incident reporting. The main challenges include ineffective supervision and low legal awareness. A robust legal framework, including K3 training, certification, and auditing standards, is essential to encourage investment in quality coaching. Strict law enforcement against K3 violations is also vital to minimize accidents and occupational diseases.

Free radicals are reactive compounds that can cause damage to cells, enzymes, lipids, and even DNA, thus triggering various degenerative diseases. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative damage. Chinese betel herb (Peperomia pellucida L.) is known to contain phenol and flavonoid secondary metabolite compounds that act as natural antioxidants. This study aims to test the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Chinese betel herb with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Extraction was done by maceration method using 80% ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity was tested by reacting the extract against DPPH solution and measuring the absorbance using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed an IC₅₀ value of 32.97 ppm, which is classified as very strong antioxidant activity. These results indicate that ethanol extract of Chinese betel herb has great potential as a source of natural antioxidants.
 

Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication that often occurs in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is a major cause of blindness in older adults and the elderly. This study aims to describe the characteristics of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a literature review of 10 journals published between 2022 and 2025. The results of the analysis show that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy globally reaches 35%, with the main risk factors including long duration of diabetes (>5 years), high HbA1c levels (>7%), and poor glycemic control. The majority of cases of diabetic retinopathy are found in the non-proliferative stage (65%), which is characterized by microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages, while the proliferative stage is less common but has a high risk of causing blindness. The study also revealed that patients with comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia tend to experience more severe diabetic retinopathy. Further stages of diabetic retinopathy if not managed properly can cause vision-threatening conditions. However, low patient compliance in metabolic control and eye examination is a major challenge. Management of diabetic retinopathy requires a holistic approach that includes patient education, regular screening, and comprehensive risk factor control to prevent progression of diabetic retinopathy and maintain the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This study aims to describe the role of local communities in the development of community-based tourism at Danau Kaolin tourist site, identify supporting and inhibiting factors of community involvement, and analyze its impact on tourism sustainability. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document studies involving 40 participants including local community members, tourism managers, community leaders, and local government officials. Data analysis was conducted thematically through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that local communities play a central role in managing and developing tourism, especially in providing tourism services and environmental conservation. The shift in livelihoods from traditional sectors to tourism services positively impacts the community’s economic and social conditions. However, limited access to training, infrastructure, and minimal participation in decision-making are major obstacles. The novelty of this research lies in its contextual focus on Danau Kaolin as a post-mining tourism destination with unique characteristics, and the use of a phenomenological approach to deeply explore community experiences. The study implies the importance of comprehensive community empowerment and inclusive policy support to enhance the strategic role of local communities in sustainable tourism development.

Fish processing MSMEs in Puger District, Jember Regency, have great potential to develop amidst the increasingly tight competition in the local food industry. However, many business actors still face challenges in maintaining and improving their competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the influence of creativity, social media, and entrepreneurial skills on the competitive advantage of fish processing MSMEs in the region. The research method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to MSME actors and analyzed using the SPSS program. The results of the study showed that the three independent variables of creativity, social media, and entrepreneurial skills have a significant effect on competitive advantage. This finding indicates that improvements in these three aspects can drive MSME competitiveness more optimally. However, its effectiveness is still hampered by limited resources, low digital literacy, and minimal access to training. Therefore, cross-sector synergy is needed to strengthen the capacity of MSME actors so that they are able to compete sustainably.

The exploitation of street children is a complex social problem in Indonesia, especially in large cities. Children living on the streets are highly vulnerable to exploitation. Although the government has regulated child protection through Law No. 35 of 2014 as a revision of Law No. 23 of 2002, the implementation of these protections has not been optimal in practice. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Child Protection Law in addressing the exploitation of street children, identify obstacles in its implementation, and evaluate the suitability of legal norms with their practices. This study uses a normative legal method with a descriptive qualitative approach, based on an analysis of legal documents, scientific literature, and relevant data. The results of the study show that the implementation of child protection still faces many obstacles, such as a lack of supporting facilities, poor coordination between institutions, a lack of education for the community, and weak law enforcement. In addition, there is still a gap between ideal legal provisions and practices in the field. In conclusion, child protection is not sufficient with regulations alone but also requires integrated, sustainable, and participatory implementation so that Indonesian children, especially street children, can live safely, be protected, and develop optimally.