Interpersonal communication is a type of communication that is often encountered and used in daily activities. Likewise, this type of communication is used in the design creation process, especially in interactions between graphic designers and clients. In practice, graphic designers often face challenges in understanding client needs, processing ideas, and making creative decisions. Challenges that often arise in the design process include mismatching client expectations, inconsistent requests, misunderstandings in translating client needs into designs, as well as various other external challenges that can influence design results. Phenomenon in the field shows that designers often experience internal conflict when balancing creativity with client requests. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of intrapersonal communication in the design process is crucial in order to produce work that meets the client's expectations without sacrificing creativity and aesthetic value in a graphic design.

This study discusses the role of Pancasila as the foundational and ideological basis of the Indonesian state in the context of international diplomacy, as well as its implications for the formation of national law and foreign policy. Pancasila functions not only as a normative foundation but also as a form of soft power that supports Indonesia's position in the global arena. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, drawing from journals, books, and relevant legal documents. The findings indicate that Pancasila influences Indonesia’s foreign diplomacy through core values such as social justice, deliberation, and humanity. However, challenges remain in its implementation, particularly in maintaining consistency between Pancasila’s values and global as well as national interests. In the context of international law, Pancasila as a legal ideal (rechtsidee) contributes to the development of a just, inclusive, and tolerant legal system. Therefore, revitalizing the understanding of Pancasila is crucial to ensure it remains a central guideline in every foreign policy decision and national legal development in Indonesia.

Learners are continually faced with choosing appropriate courses or making career choices due to increased educational opportunities. The emergence of machine learning-based course and career recommender systems has the potential to address this issue, offering personalized course recommendations tailored to individual learning pathways, preferences, and learning history. The optimization and feature engineering techniques and practical deployment environments have not been collectively examined in the previous research, despite the significant advancements in this area of research. Furthermore, previous research has rarely synthesized how these technical components help students choose appropriate courses and careers. This systematic review was carried out to investigate the current state of machine learning-based course and career recommender systems, focusing on key elements, such as primary data sources, feature engineering methods, algorithms, optimization techniques, evaluation metrics, and the environments where the existing course recommendation models are deployed. The PRISMA method for conducting a systematic review was used to choose studies that met the requirements for inclusion and exclusion. The study findings show significant reliance on interpretable and traditional machine learning algorithms, such as K-Nearest Neighbor and Random Forest, to develop recommender models. Feature engineering remains basic, as most studies rely on normalization, while optimization processes are often underreported. Also, evaluation metrics varied widely, impeding comparability, while most of the recommender models are deployed in an e-learning environment, leaving the traditional learning environment underrepresented. Furthermore, the study findings identified issues including data sparsity and diversity, data security and privacy, and changes in learner preferences that may have an impact on the performance of recommender systems while recommending further studies to make use of standardized optimization methods, and automated domain-informed feature engineering frameworks, benchmark and annotated datasets in developing models the gives priority to learners’ success and educational relevance.

The exploitation of women within religious institutions is driven by patriarchy and the manipulation of religion, resulting in sexual violence, discrimination, and systemic gender injustice. This study discusses the film Maharaj as a medium that reveals the exploitation of women and critiques patriarchal religious institutions. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with semiotic analysis. Data collection was carried out through observation and documentation. Triangulation of techniques and time was used to ensure data validity. Research findings show that the film Maharaj reveals the exploitation of women in religious institutions through visual symbolism, body gestures, and rituals such as Charan Seva, which reflect patriarchal and spiritual domination legitimized by culture. The representation of submissive and silent women becomes a marker of systemic oppression. A cultural feminist approach is used to highlight the courage of women to resist this structure. The spiral of silence theory explains the victims’ silence as a result of social and religious stigma. Karsandas Mulji appears as a symbol of resistance, opening space for discourse through media. This film acts as a form of social criticism that calls for critical awareness, justice, and gender equality. Conclusion: The film highlights the exploitation of women in religion and presents resistance as a form of social critique for gender equality.

Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur’an (MTQ) is a strategic platform for youth development. However, the Syarhil Qur’an branch remains under-researched regarding its role in enhancing da’wah capacity among young people. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of Syarhil Qur’an in shaping young preachers grounded in Qur’anic values. Using a qualitative and phenomenological approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that the strategic role of Syarhil Qur’an in youth preacher development lies in its ability to integrate Qur’anic text mastery, thematic interpretation, and rhetorical skills in delivering contextual and relevant da’wah messages. The training process is carried out systematically through teamwork, in-depth understanding of verses, public speaking exercises, and the formation of Qur’anic leadership and spiritual character. The positive impact of Syarhil Qur’an optimization is reflected in increased self-confidence, critical thinking skills, and adaptability to social issues and digital developments. Recommendations for developing Syarhil Qur’an include curriculum reform based on contemporary issues, integrating digital media in training, enhancing trainer professionalism, and forming alumni communities as part of a sustainable da’wah ecosystem. Syarhil Qur’an cultivates young Qur’anic preachers who are communicative, critical, contextual, and prepared to face the challenges of modern da’wah.

The phenomenon of preaching in non-conventional spaces such as nightclubs has drawn attention because it presents a form of religious message delivery that adapts to the socio-cultural context of marginalized audiences. Gus Miftah, as a contemporary preacher, utilizes these spaces, both directly and through digital media, to convey inclusive and communicative preaching. This study aims to analyze the process of encoding da'wah messages by Gus Miftah in the video “LC Karaoke Bertanya, Gus Miftah Ngaji di Boshe” and the audience’s reception (decoding) through comments on YouTube. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and Stuart Hall’s encoding-decoding theory, data were collected through video documentation and purposive observation of comments. The results show that the da'wah messages are constructed contextually and humanistically, with a relaxed, humorous style and language familiar to nightlife workers. The analysis reveals three audience reception positions: the majority fully accept the message, a small portion critically engages with the context, and others reject the preaching method as incompatible with traditional values. These findings indicate that the audience’s cultural, social, and religious backgrounds strongly influence the response to da'wah. This study enriches the discourse on digital da'wah and emphasizes the importance of understanding the audience as active subjects in communication. Conclusion: A contextual preaching approach effectively penetrates non-conventional spaces and is widely accepted, despite resistance from conservative and critical audiences. 

The pandemic has accelerated digital da'wah through social media. Ustadz Hanan Attaki has utilized this opportunity with a relaxed, engaging, relevant, and easily understood style that resonates with the younger generation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Ustadz Hanan Attaki’s “sharing time” da'wah activities delivered via the YouTube social media platform. It employs a qualitative approach using the Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) method, involving active observation, visual content analysis, and data triangulation to ensure data validity. Findings reveal that Ustadz Hanan Attaki preaches through social media and in-person events using the Mau’izah Hasanah method, including advice, good news, moral counsel, and inspirational stories. His da'wah style is relaxed, contemporary, and highly relevant to today’s youth. Through YouTube, he addresses everyday life topics using storytelling, motivational, and empathetic approaches. His messages are easily understood, emotionally impactful, and encourage introspection and spiritual connection with Allah. Positive audience responses indicate that his digital da'wah fosters spiritual and psychological engagement. Conclusion: Ustadz Hanan Attaki’s da'wah is practical and accessible, delivered in a relaxed style that appeals to young audiences and inspires through digital media.

This study examines the application of the Lagrange method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in solving the Economic Dispatch problem at the Tanjung Jati B Steam Power Plant (PLTU). The main objective is to compare the effectiveness of both methods in optimizing load distribution among generation units and to evaluate potential operational cost savings compared to actual operating conditions. The optimization model minimizes a quadratic generation cost function, subject to system load demand and the power output limits of each unit. Simulation data includes daily load distribution and fuel-related parameters such as calorific value and fuel price. The results show that the Lagrange method yields an average power output of 2,367 MW, equal to the real condition, while PSO produces 1,966 MW, which is 16.94% lower. In terms of cost savings, PSO achieves an average saving of IDR 938,501, while the Lagrange method and real operation yield average savings of IDR 1,078,064 and IDR 1,073,076 respectively. In percentage terms, Lagrange shows 12.95% higher savings than PSO and 0.46% higher than the actual condition. This study highlights the importance of integrating optimization methods in power plant operations to improve efficiency and reliability of electricity supply.

: PT. ABC, perusahaan pertambangan di Sulawesi Tenggara, menghadapi masalah serius dalam infrastruktur jaringannya, termasuk ketidakstabilan koneksi, distribusi bandwidth tidak merata, kerentanan keamanan, dan pemantauan manual yang tidak efisien. Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan solusi jaringan terpusat berbasis Ubiquiti UniFi Controller, didukung perangkat Cisco (router ISR4321/K9 dan switch WS-C3750V2) serta akses point U6-Pro, untuk meningkatkan stabilitas, keamanan, dan efisiensi operasional. Melalui pendekatan bertahap—analisis jaringan eksisting, instalasi, konfigurasi VLAN dan QoS, serta uji kinerja—hasilnya menunjukkan perbaikan signifikan: downtime turun 83% (dari 12 jam menjadi 2 jam/bulan), throughput meningkat 143% (35 Mbps ke 85 Mbps), dan latency aplikasi kritis berkurang 77% (142 ms ke 32 ms). Penerapan kebijakan keamanan seperti segmentasi VLAN dan firewall berhasil menghilangkan serangan siber, sementara QoS memastikan alokasi bandwidth optimal untuk aplikasi prioritas. Dampak bisnis mencakup penghematan Rp40 juta/bulan, percepatan proses pelaporan, dan peningkatan kepuasan pengguna. Solusi ini tidak hanya mengatasi masalah teknis tetapi juga menyediakan kerangka kerja yang skalabel dan berkelanjutan untuk perusahaan sejenis di sektor pertambangan dan UMKM.

this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the management of public goods in improving the quality of public services in Indonesia. Public goods have nonrivalry and nonexcludability characteristics, which means it can be used by many people simultaneously without reducing mutual benefits, and cannot exclude anyone from its use. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach, reviewing economic theories and public policies and national regulations related to public services. The results showed that good public goods management, such as infrastructure and basic services provided by the state, contributed directly to the effectiveness and quality of services to the community. However, there are still challenges in the form of limited resources, lack of supervision, and not optimal utilization of public assets. Therefore, increasing governance and strengthening of regulations is crucial in realizing equitable, quality and sustainable public services.