This study aims to analyze the level of understanding of the division concept among third-grade elementary school students. Understanding division is a fundamental component in mathematics learning, serving as a basis for more complex numerical operations in higher grades. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method involving 5 students from an elementary school in. Data were collected through diagnostic tests, interviews, and observations. The findings revealed that most students still struggle to grasp the concept of division, particularly in understanding it as a grouping process and as repeated subtraction. Factors influencing students' comprehension include limited use of varied teaching methods, insufficient application of concrete learning media, and differences in students' learning styles. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for teachers in designing more effective and contextual learning strategies to enhance students’ understanding of the division concept at the elementary level.

This study aims to examine the implementation of teacher pedagogical competence in three secondary schools with different characteristics, namely SMP Negeri 3 Tapung, SMAN 1 Tambang, and SMAN 12 Pekanbaru. Pedagogical competence does not only include the ability to deliver material, but also reflects an understanding of student characteristics, contextual learning strategies, and effective and enjoyable classroom management. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observations to explore the experiences of teachers, principals, and students in the daily learning process. The results of the study showed variations in the application of pedagogical competence influenced by social environmental factors, facilities, and teacher readiness to respond to changes in education policy. Despite facing challenges such as limited facilities and administrative burdens, some teachers were able to demonstrate high dedication and innovation in learning. This study provides a comprehensive overview of pedagogical practices in the field and is expected to be an input in formulating policies to improve teacher quality contextually and sustainably.

This study aims to improve the reading comprehension skills of Class VIB students at UPT SPF SDN Sudirman 1 Makassar through the implementation of the Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review (SQ3R) method. The background of the study is the low learning outcomes in Indonesian language subjects, particularly in reading comprehension. Out of 32 students, only 20 reached the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) score of 75. This research uses a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach conducted in two cycles. Each cycle includes the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The instruments used in this study were observation sheets, written tests, and documentation. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ reading comprehension abilities. The average score increased from 70.63 in the first cycle to a higher score in the second cycle, with more students achieving the KKM. Additionally, students showed greater participation and enthusiasm during the learning process after the SQ3R method was applied. These findings indicate that the SQ3R method is effective in enhancing reading comprehension and can be used as an alternative learning strategy in teaching Indonesian language at the elementary school level.

The use of information technology is increasingly used by companies to manage the distribution of goods in a more effective and responsive way. This study aims to analyze the warehouse administration system at the Facility, Workshop and Safety Development Department at PT United Tractors Tbk. This study uses a qualitative method by collecting data through primary and secondary sources. Primary data sources are obtained through interviews, observations and documentation, while secondary data sources are obtained from journals, books or articles that discuss the warehouse administration system in a company. This study was analyzed using a descriptive method with data analysis techniques consisting of 4 (four) aspects starting from data collection, data reduction, data presentation to drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that by using Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing (SAP) S / 4 HANA as a supporting facility from demand to distribution of goods and implementing the applicable System Operating Procedures (SOP) can increase the effectiveness of the department in meeting the needs that exist in the company's branches or sites so that the company's productivity is maintained. To overcome errors in the use of applications and human error in administration, this department needs to conduct training for employees to ensure that employees are able to use applications and implement System Operating Procedures (SOP) properly.

This article explores the significance of gaining a clear understanding of the topic concept addition as the main foundation in mathematical literacy. This study examines various pedagogical approaches in introducing the concept of addition to students, emphasizing the importance of conceptual understanding compared to procedural learning. Analysis of several learning methods shows that the use of manipulative objects, visual representations, and the application of real contexts significantly improve students' understanding of the idea behind addition. The results of the research also indicate that difficulties in understanding the concept of addition at the early stage of Learning may affect the progress of advanced mathematical abilities. This article concludes that a learning approach that emphasizes conceptual understanding of addition as a quantity combination operation will establish a strong basis for the advancement of students' mathematical abilities in the future.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Islamic Work Ethics and Work Environment on the Performance of Generation Z Employees Through Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through questionnaires. The sample in this study consisted of 149 respondents who were Generation Z employees who were Muslim. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 3 software. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Etika Kerja Islam dan Lingkungan Kerja mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Islamic Work Ethics has a positive and significant influence on Work Motivation, but the work environment does not have an influence on Work Motivation. Work Motivation has a positive and significant influence on Employee Performance, but Work Motivation is not proven to be a mediating variable between Islamic Work Ethics and Work Environment on Employee Performance.

This study examines the adaptive strategies employed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Shenzhen in response to the decoupling trend associated with the new US tariff policy. Given the' increasing complexity and unpredictability of international trade dynamics, Shenzhen SMEs must innovate and diversify their operational approaches to sustain competitiveness. The re-search highlights the significance of enhancing innovation capabilities, which enable SMEs to de-velop new products and services that meet shifting market demands. Additionally, the study empha-sizes the importance of market diversification and supply chain flexibility, allowing SMEs to miti-gate risks related to tariff impacts. Collaborative networks facilitate resource sharing and knowledge exchange, further bolstering adaptability. The findings indicate that by fostering a proactive entre-preneurial orientation and engaging with policymakers, Shenzhen SMEs can effectively navigate the challenges posed by the US tariff policy, ensuring long-term sustainability and growth in a competi-tive landscape through a sample of 190 SMEs in April of 2025.

Photosynthesis is a vital process for plants in converting light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Light intensity is one of the main factors influencing the efficiency of this process. This study aims to determine the effect of different light intensities on the photosynthesis rate and growth of spinach plants (Amaranthus sp.), which is a C4 plant species.The method used was a quantitative experiment with three light intensity treatments: low (0–10 lux), medium (10–20 lux), and high (>20 lux), each replicated three times over six weeks. Observed parameters included plant height, number and length of leaves, as well as the photosynthesis rate measured using the IRGA method.The results showed that light intensity significantly affected the growth and photosynthesis rate of spinach plants. The high light treatment produced the most optimal growth, with an average plant height of 4.92 ± 0.4 cm and the highest photosynthetic activity. Conversely, the low light treatment caused symptoms of etiolation, reduced vitality, and faster plant death, averaging by the third week.In conclusion, increasing light intensity significantly enhances photosynthesis efficiency and growth in spinach plants. These results can serve as a basis for regulating light intensity in cultivation systems, both conventional and hydroponic.
 

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the 4P marketing mix strategy (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) at Firdaus Farm, a tilapia farming business in Tasikmalaya, and its effectiveness in enhancing the business's competitiveness and profitability. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a case study through observations, interviews, and direct documentation at the business location. The research findings indicate that the product strategy, which emphasizes tilapia quality—such as freshness, uniform size, clean packaging, and quality certification—constitutes the primary factor in attracting consumer interest. The flexible and competitive pricing strategy, adjusted according to market conditions and consumer purchasing power, along with bonuses for loyal customers, proved to increase customer loyalty and sales. Product distribution is carried out through traditional channels and has begun utilizing digital platforms to expand market reach, with the strategic location of the business supporting distribution efficiency. Promotion, still mainly traditional, is starting to develop into digital promotion through social media, which effectively increases product visibility and appeal. This study concludes that the consistent and adaptive application of the 4P marketing mix can enhance Firdaus Farm’s competitiveness in the tilapia market. It is recommended that business practitioners continue to develop product innovations, evaluate pricing, expand digital distribution, and optimize digital promotion in order to face increasingly intense market competition.

Fertilization is one of the important activities in plant cultivation because it plays a role in increasing productivity by maintaining soil fertility. This experiment aimed to test the effectiveness of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) on the growth and production of cabbage plants and its agronomic effectiveness. The experimental design used was a randomized block design. The treatments tested: without application of the tested fertilizer (P0), application of inorganic fertilizer comparison (2 kg/ha/application) (P1), and 5 levels of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) tested, namely: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kg/ha/application. The recommended doses of urea, SP-36, and KCl fertilizers were  200, 100, and 100 kg/ha, respectively. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) can increase the growth of cabbage plants as indicated by the variables of plant height and number of cabbage leaves compared to the control treatment. In addition, the application of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) increased the yield components of cabbage plants compared to the control treatment. The treatment of 0.75 doses of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) was agronomically effective because it produced the highest relative agronomic effectiveness value of 145%, which means it can increase yields by 1.45 times. The recommended dose for cabbage plants is 1.5 kg/ha/application of NPK fertilizer (20-51-13) applied 5 times at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 WAP.