This research focuses on creating a water cycle diorama as an instructional medium for Natural Science education among fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 222 Palembang. The study employs a Research and Development (R&D) methodology following the ADDIE framework, which encompasses five sequential phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Following the development phase, the instructional medium underwent comprehensive validation by subject matter specialists and educational media experts to determine its suitability. Additionally, empirical trials involving educators and students were conducted to examine the medium's practicality and pedagogical effectiveness. Expert validation demonstrated exceptional validity, with subject matter specialists rating the medium at 86% and educational media experts providing an 87% validation score. Practicality assessment conducted by classroom practitioners yielded a 92% rating, confirming the medium's high usability in educational settings. Student trials were implemented through three progressive phases: individual assessment achieving 98% practicality, small group evaluation reaching 99%, and comprehensive field testing with 30 participants demonstrating 97% effectiveness. The findings indicate that the water cycle diorama serves as a highly suitable, practical, and pedagogically effective instructional tool for elementary science education at the fourth-grade level.

Electronic money laundering has become a critical issue as a form of cybercrime. Advances in technology demonstrate that digital forensic applications, particularly those utilizing smartphones, can be employed to uncover digital traces of money laundering transactions. This study aims to analyze the relevance of existing legal frameworks, the effectiveness of smartphone forensic techniques, and the challenges faced in their implementation in Indonesia. Based on a review of the literature and regulatory analysis, it was found that legal frameworks such as UU No. 8 of 2010 on the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering (TPPU) and UU No. 19 of 2016 on Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) provide an adequate legal foundation. However, gaps in implementation, such as limited human and technological resources, remain significant obstacles. Forensic techniques, including metadata analysis and device extraction, have shown great potential in identifying the flow of illicit funds. Nonetheless, their application is hindered by data confidentiality and the lack of uniform technical standards. Given the increasing complexity of digital crimes, an integrated approach is required, combining regulatory strengthening with technological capacity building, to enhance the effectiveness of smartphone forensics in addressing electronic money laundering.

Slang as an informal language variety has an important role in forming and reflecting the social identity of a group. This study discusses the function of primary slang as a reflection of friendship in an American teen comedy movie entitled Incoming released in 2024. This study aims to identify the form  of primary slangs used in the movie and analyze their functions in reflecting social relations between characters. The method used is descriptive qualitative with documentation techniques. Data are analyzed based on the context of conversations between characters in the movie with an emphasis on the social meaning in the use of primary slang based on the theory of Allan & Burridge (2006). Based on seven functions of slang, there are four functions identified in the analysis, consists of:  to initiate relaxed conversation, to adress, to reveal anger, and to show intimacy. Among the four functions, to initiate relaxed conversation is the most dominant function that appears. This shows that slang is widely used to maintain relaxed, familiar, and humorous interactions between friendly characters. On the other hand, the functions to express impressions, to humuliate, and to form intimate atmosphere were not found in the analyzed data.

A reliable electrical grid the power plant scheduling system needs to optimize the plant's performance by considering the economic value and the value of emissions generated by the plant, in addition to the reliability and economic sectors. This system should also take into account the environmental impact, as well as the CO2 and CH4 emissions produced by the plant. This research will use the Dragonfly Algorithm with weighting parameters to schedule hydro and thermal facilities' emissions and economic activities. That the weighting value impacts production costs and emissions is demonstrated by the data acquired from the Dragonfly Algorithm simulation. If economic considerations take precedence in assigning weights, then low-cost generating will result in high-value emissions, and vice versa. The plant's Emission Intensity rating also meets the standards established by the government.

With technological advancements, digitalization in business has become a crucial factor in enhancing sales effectiveness, especially for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Toko Sakinah, which has been operating for nearly 35 years in Bengkalis, still relies on conventional sales methods, such as WhatsApp transactions or direct store visits. This approach limits market reach and operational efficiency. Therefore, this study aims to design and develop a web-based digital sales system using the Design Sprint method to improve sales effectiveness at Toko Sakinah.The Design Sprint method is applied to develop the system quickly and systematically, focusing on understanding user needs, prototyping, and testing solutions before full implementation. The result of this research is a sales website that facilitates online product ordering, sales reporting, and interaction between buyers and store owners. This website is expected to expand market reach, enhance sales efficiency, and serve as a development model that can be replicated by other MSMEs.

Micro businesses play an important role in increasing and equalizing community income so as to realize national stability, because this business can expand employment opportunities. However, micro businesses are not free from various obstacles, especially obstacles in the management of business finances that are not yet effective. Many micro businesses have not been able to implement 4 indicators of financial management, namely planning, recording, reporting and control. This study aims to determine the Financial Management of Micro Business Ampera Restaurant in Simpang Baru Village, Pekanbaru City. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data sources were obtained through observation, interviews and documentation involving 10 informants. The results of the study indicate that Financial Management at Ampera Restaurant in Simpang Baru Village, Pekanbaru City is not optimal. Of the 4 indicators of financial management, only the planning indicator can be said to be good. This is due to the lack of knowledge and limited human resources in recording, reporting and controlling. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information to improve financial management for micro-entrepreneurs.

Bandung, as a primary tourist destination in Indonesia, offers diverse attractions including nature, culture, and distinctive local cuisine. The increasing number of visitors necessitates practical and engaging information media to assist them in planning their trips effectively. This project aimed to design a comprehensive booklet serving as a guide to Bandung's tourism and culinary delights, specifically for guests staying at Favehotel Hyper Square Bandung, which previously lacked such a dedicated digital or physical resource. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, this project adapted a development model encompassing several stages: identifying potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and final revision. To assess the developed booklet's feasibility and effectiveness, an evaluation was conducted through questionnaires distributed to respondents. The data from these questionnaires were then analyzed using a quantitative descriptive analysis method, calculating the average scores for each statement. The project's findings indicate that the booklet received positive responses from respondents, with high average scores across its content, visual presentation, and ease of use. Consequently, this booklet is deemed suitable for use as an information and promotional tool for tourism within the Favehotel Hyper Square Bandung environment.

This literature review explores holistic approaches during pregnancy and their implications for midwifery practice. Holistic care addresses physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of maternal health, aiming to promote overall well-being and positive pregnancy outcomes. By synthesizing evidence from studies published between 2020 and 2025, this review highlights the benefits of integrating holistic methods such as stress reduction techniques, nutritional support, psychosocial counseling, and culturally sensitive care within midwifery. The findings suggest that holistic care enhances emotional resilience, reduces anxiety and depression, and strengthens the mother infant bond. However, challenges remain in standardizing holistic practices, ensuring adequate training for midwives, and overcoming systemic barriers. The review underscores the need for midwives to adopt a comprehensive, woman centered approach supported by ongoing education and interdisciplinary collaboration. Future research should focus on evaluating holistic interventions’ effectiveness and developing scalable models to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes globally. Ultimately, holistic pregnancy care offers a promising framework to enrich midwifery practice and support maternal well-being throughout pregnancy.

The No Smoking Area (KTR) is a form of protection for the community from the adverse effects of smoking, which is regulated in Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2016. This study aims to analyse the implementation of the KTR policy in the Regional Apparatus Organisation (OPD) of Merangin Regency by reviewing four aspects of policy implementation, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of OPD parties involved in the implementation of KTR. The results showed that in the communication aspect, KTR policies have been socialised through print and electronic media, but delivery training has not been carried out optimally. In the resource aspect, limited human resources, funds, and facilities are the main obstacles in implementing KTR. In the disposition aspect, most OPDs show commitment in implementing KTR, but have not been supported by providing incentives or awards. In the aspect of bureaucratic structure, there is no special SOP or organisational structure in each OPD for KTR implementation, so the implementation is still not running optimally. In conclusion, the implementation of the KTR policy in Merangin Regency has not run optimally because there are still weaknesses in the four aspects, especially related to coordination, human resources, and supporting institutions.

The problem that often arises now is the increase in living costs while income remains constant. With empty land in the household that is not being utilized optimally, this should be an opportunity for housewives to help improve the household economy. One solution to utilize this empty land is through hydroponic plants. This hydroponic plant uses organic fertilizer so that the hydroponic plant is good for family consumption and distribution in supermarkets. By utilizing hydroponic plants, housewives can help improve the family's economy so that the family's needs can be fully met. In this research, the researcher conducted an interview with one of the housewives who had used her yard through hydroponic plants that she had developed herself since 2017. The aim of the research was to determine the economic improvement experienced by housewives after using the hydroponic system.