This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) aimed at improving the understanding of multiplication concepts among Grade II A students of SD N Koroulon 2 Sleman through a Deep Learning approach assisted by coin-based media. The research was conducted in two cycles using the spiral model developed by Kemmis and McTaggart. In the Cycle I, the learning process focused on using coin games as a concrete medium to build conceptual understanding of multiplication. The results showed that only 68% of students achieved learning mastery. Discrepancies were still observed in the achievement indicators, particularly in converting repeated addition into multiplication sentences. Based on the reflection results, improvements were implemented in the Cycle II through strategies such as paired group work, varied learning activities, and the inclusion of a "semi-abstract" stage in the instructional process. The results of the second cycle showed a significant improvement: learning mastery reached 89%, and all learning achievement indicators exceeded 80%. This study demonstrates that the Deep Learning approach, supported by contextual media and adaptive teaching strategies, can meaningfully enhance students' conceptual understanding of multiplication. This success was also supported by effective classroom communication and the cultivation of reflective thinking habits throughout the learning process.

This research discusses the role of humanistic teaching strategies in enhancing students' learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Humanistic teaching strategies focus on the holistic development of students, addressing cognitive, emotional, and spiritual aspects. Through this approach, students are given opportunities to relate learning material to their personal experiences, which in turn increases their engagement and intrinsic motivation to learn. This research uses the library research method to collect and analyze various literatures related to humanistic teaching, learning motivation, and its implementation in PAI. The findings of this study indicate that the application of humanistic strategies in PAI teaching can create a more inclusive environment, improve positive interactions between teachers and students, and encourage students to learn more meaningfully and with greater motivation.

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals. Dietary adherence is one of the managements of gout. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of peer group therapy on the dietary adherence of gout sufferers in Mentor Village, Sumberasih District, Probolinggo Regency. This study uses a one-group pre-post test design (pre-experiment) research design. The total population was 36 respondents with gout, the sample studied was 33 respondents with gout using the Purposive Sampling technique, In accordance with the inclusion criteria willing to be a respondent, Permanent Resident of Mentor Village, Patients who have gout, Gout level value above seven point zero for men and Women more than six point zero Exclusion criteria Patients with comorbidities that interfere with the research (kidney, janttung, lung and so on), Patients do not participate in the entire activity or resign.Peer group therapy was carried out four times in 14 days. Statistical Test for dietary adherence using the Wilcoxon Test. The results of the study Before peer group therap was coalited, the Gout Diet Compliance value was moderate,  24 respondents (72.7%),while the after tritmen value of goud diet compliance of  31 respondents (93.9%), The results of the Wilcoxon statistical test,obtained p value = 0.000. This shows that Peer Group therapy affects dietary adherence of gout patients. Peer Group Therapy is a program that can be applied to gout patients who have low dietary adherence. Nurses are expected to be able to use Peer Group Therapy as a health promotion program. 

Phubbing behavior, a combination of the words "phone" and "snubbing," refers to a social phenomenon in which individuals focus more on their smartphones than interacting directly with the people around them. This behavior is increasingly widespread among students along with the rapid development of communication technology. This research aims to provide a general overview of phubbing behavior in students, identify the factors that influence it, as well as its impact on social relationships and the quality of communication between individuals. Literature studies conducted show that phubbing can be triggered by various factors, such as social media addiction, boredom in social interactions, low self-control, and the influence of social conformity. The impacts include a decrease in the quality of social relationships, communication disorders, and reduced academic productivity. Solutions that can be provided are based on analysis of several cases, such as increasing awareness through education and strengthening self-control, creating gadget-free zones, as well as developing empathy and social involvement in students. This research is expected to provide insight for academics and practitioners in overcoming phubbing problems in higher education environments.

In 2021, the Indonesian government, through the Ministry of Health, made efforts to promote the vaccination program to the public. Therefore, the government needed to explain various aspects related to the program, such as the definition of vaccines, the purpose of vaccination, how vaccines work, recommendations for the public, program achievements, and the age limits for vaccine recipients. The vaccination campaign messages delivered by the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Health were represented through verbal and non-verbal expressions on posters. The COVID-19 vaccination educational posters contain messages encapsulated in the relationship between signs and expressive utterances. Consequently, this study aims to identify and describe the conveyed meanings within the COVID-19 vaccination educational posters using Peirce's Semiotic approach and Searle's Pragmatic approach. This research adopts a qualitative methodology. Data were collected from the texts and images featured in the posters. These texts and images represent meanings that form signs in the categories of icon, index, and symbol (semiotics), as well as directive illocutionary acts in direct speech (pragmatics). The COVID-19 vaccination educational posters serve as a strategy for the government to encourage public willingness to get vaccinated. From a pragmatic interpretative perspective, the semiosis of the overall poster content is demonstrated through direct utterances with affective perlocutionary force.

Purpose: User-generated content (UGC) affected consumer trust and purchasing intention in social commerce platforms. It evaluated the growing influence of user-generated content on online consumer behavior and how online trust mediates the association between UGC and purchase intention. This study intended to understand how different types of UGC affect consumer trust and buy intentions, moving beyond previous studies' focus on individual UGC parts.
Methods: A quantitative study design was utilized, employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data were gathered via an online survey disseminated among persons in Vietnam who regularly engage with social commerce platforms. The questionnaire employed established multi-item scales derived from previous research to assess UGC, online trust, and buy intention.
Findings: The findings demonstrated that user-generated content favorably impacted online trust, which subsequently enhanced purchase intention. UGC is essential for establishing trust and influencing purchasing decisions in social commerce. The model elucidated a significant variance in online trust and purchasing intention.
Originality: This study shows how trust mediates the relationship between UGC and buy intention in social commerce, improving understanding of online consumer behavior. It stresses the importance of good UGC for consumer trust and purchase intention, giving valuable data for social commerce platforms and marketers. Future research may examine these findings in different cultures and examine other factors affecting consumer trust and purchase intention.

Purpose: This research investigates how media--especially social media and artificial intelligence (AI)--help older adults overcome psychological and social challenges associated with Post Retirement Syndrome. It aims to understand how digital platforms address communication difficulties in retirement. By examining media usage and AI-assisted interactions, the study explores how technology enhances emotional well-being and promotes social integration in the post-retirement phase of life.
Methods: This research employed a qualitative method to analyze the media behavior of retirees through interviews and field observations. Older adults in Bandung were selected using a maximum variation sampling strategy to reflect diverse occupational backgrounds. Bandung was chosen due to its demographic makeup, which includes a growing population of retirees with varying levels of digital engagement, making it an ideal setting to examine the relationship between media use, aging, and retirement experiences.
Findings: The findings indicate that social media--particularly Facebook and WhatsApp--has become a transformative tool in addressing Post-Retirement Syndrome. These platforms help older adults maintain social connections, share experiences, and engage with supportive communities. With the help of AI, seniors can more effectively identify and interact with relevant groups, tailoring digital experiences to personal needs and fostering meaningful relationships.
Originality: Although much research focuses on interpersonal communication in the elderly, few studies explore how media and AI act as bridges for retirees to reconstruct self-concept and build resilience through social media.

Acid coal mine drainage from the coal mining industry contains a number of heavy metal ions and dissolved  organic  substances.  An  important  step  in  wastewater  treatment  so  that  the  waste treatment process runs effectively is to know the characteristics of coal mine acidic water. This study aims to determine the characteristics of coal mine acidic water originating from former coal mine ponds by taking samples from a holding pond located in West Aceh. The method used in this research consists of field work and laboratory work. Samples of coal mine acidic  water  were  taken  from  the  former  coal  mine  pond  using grab  samples.  Furthermore, measurements of acid coal mine water parameters were measured including pH, TSS, COD, Color, Fe and Mn conducted at the integrated laboratory of Diponegoro University. Data obtained from the measurement of acid coal mine water parameters were analyzed descriptively. The measurement results include pH, TSS, COD, Color, Fe and Mn ions contained in coal mine acid water are also compared with the quality standards of liquid waste.The results showed that coal mine acid water in the former coal mine pond contained pH, TSS, COD, Color, Fe ions, and Mn with an average value of (5.5); (260mg/l); (162.82mg/l); (57mg/l); (4.7mg/l); (0.2mg/l). All parameters of coal mine acid water measurement analysis results are still above the quality standards of coal mining based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No.113 of 2003 concerning Quality Standards for Coal Mining Liquid Waste.

This study aims to develop an assessment instrument for critical thinking skills in elementary school science lessons on the topic of Earth's changes, in the form of essay questions that are tested for validity and reliability. The measurement of critical thinking skills uses indicators based on Ennis' framework, which includes providing simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, providing further explanations, and setting strategies and tactics. The subjects of this study were 28 students from SDN 02 Pekiringanalit, Pekalongan Regency. Data analysis techniques involved content validity testing using Aiken's index. The validity of the assessment instrument was tested using the Rasch Model with the Ministep program to determine validity, calculate reliability, and obtain Cronbach's alpha values. This research is developmental research that applies the 4D development model, simplified into three steps: define, design, and development. The results showed that the critical thinking assessment instrument in the form of essay test questions received an Aiken's content and language validity index of 0.96, which falls into the very valid category. The validity per item obtained an Aiken's index of 0.89, placing it in the high validity category. The item analysis using the Rasch Model yielded a person reliability coefficient of 0.69 and 0.72, which is in the sufficient category. The item reliability was 0.86 and 0.87, which is considered good, and the Cronbach's alpha was 0.77, also considered good.
 

The increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) due to global warming and environmental issues necessitates specialized knowledge in this field. This research develops an electric motorcycle trainer kit designed to enhance learning in vocational high schools, specifically in the Electrical Engineering and Automotive departments. The research aimed to design and validate a trainer kit that accurately represents an electric motorcycle's electrical system, facilitating hands-on learning for students. The methodology involved data collection, product design, and implementation with validation by field experts. Results showed that the trainer kit significantly improved students' understanding and practical skills related to electric vehicle systems. In conclusion, the electric motorcycle trainer kit proved to be an effective educational tool, supporting the development of competencies required for the growing electric vehicle industry. Further improvements in the aesthetic and technical aspects of the kit could enhance its future applications.