The rapid development of the business world has driven increased complexity in competition, particularly in the retail sector which has experienced significant growth in various regions, including Tuban. In this context, the partnership between suppliers and department stores (toserba) becomes a strategic aspect that plays a crucial role in maintaining business continuity, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the patterns of relationships between suppliers and department stores in Tuban, as well as to identify factors that support the success of such partnerships and their impact on operational performance and customer satisfaction. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research, data were collected from various secondary sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant publications. The results indicate that effective partnership relationships are characterized by open communication, high trust and commitment, close collaboration, and adaptation to digital transformation. Furthermore, a solid partnership between suppliers and department stores contributes to improving supply chain efficiency, reducing logistics costs, optimizing inventory management, and enhancing customer satisfaction through product availability and responsive service. This study provides valuable contributions to formulating sustainable collaborative strategies for local retail businesses to face increasingly competitive markets.

This study aims to describe the moral development of elementary school-aged children through a qualitative approach based on observation. Two fifth-grade students were observed to identify differences in moral characteristics and the influence of social interaction on the formation of moral values. The study also examines the teacher’s role as a facilitator of moral growth, support strategies for students with difficulties, the relationship between moral development and cognitive ability, and the role of parents. Findings reveal that children's moral development is significantly influenced by contextual, relational, and reflective learning approaches. Personalized support from teachers and collaboration with parents positively contribute to students’ moral maturity. The study recommends integrating moral values into the curriculum, training for teachers, and strengthening school–family cooperation.

Church discipleship is a concrete manifestation of the shepherd's primary role and responsibility within the life of the church. A shepherd is not merely a preacher or worship leader, but a spiritual mentor committed to guiding the congregation toward spiritual maturity. This discipleship process involves various aspects such as deep biblical teaching, personal and communal pastoral care, and continuous discipleship. The main goal is for the congregation to move beyond superficial faith and grow into Christ-like individuals in character, knowledge, and action. This article explores biblical and theological principles of church discipleship and how the shepherd's role must be contextualized to meet the challenges of the present age and the needs of the people. In a world that is constantly changing and spiritually challenging, effective discipleship becomes crucial for the church to remain relevant and spiritually strong. This study affirms that spiritual maturity cannot be achieved instantly, but through a purposeful, consistent process rooted in love and the truth of God's Word. Therefore, discipleship must be a pastoral priority to build a mature, strong, and impactful church.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the process and results of creating animated video learning media using the Animaker application with the theme "Fit und Gesund" for the Hören A1 subject. This development uses "Animaker" as a learning media for the A1 Listening subject, which adopts Plomp's theory as a development model. The results of this study are learning media for German in the form of a video "Fit und Gesund" using the Animaker application to support the A1 Listening subject. This media was developed based on the Netzwerk A1 book. Material experts gave a score of 95.8 for the learning media based on the Animaker application, which is included in the "Very Good" category. Media experts gave a score of 92.8 for this media. Based on the assessment criteria, this media is also categorized as "Very Good". Therefore, this Animaker application-based learning media is considered a feasible, practical, and effective media for Hören A1 skills.

Marketing is the backbone of a business’s existence. Various ideas, creativity, and innovations in marketing continue to evolve in different forms. To attract a large number of consumers, some businesses engage in overclaim marketing. While this strategy may bring positive outcomes for some companies, it can also have negative consequences for others. One brand that has practiced overclaim marketing is Daviena Skincare. This study aims to analyze the impact of overclaim marketing on consumer trust in Daviena Skincare products. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach, with data obtained through digital tracing and observation. The findings indicate that overclaim marketing in the skincare industry, as practiced by Daviena Skincare, has negatively affected consumer trust. The overclaims identified include promises of instant results, false claims about premium ingredients, and unverified testimonials. An investigation by Doctor Detective revealed significant discrepancies between marketing claims and the actual product composition, such as Niacinamide, which was advertised at 10% but was not detected in laboratory tests. These findings contradict the marketed product benefits, leading to consumer disappointment and decreased brand loyalty. This phenomenon underscores the urgency for brands to be more transparent and ethical in their marketing strategies. Therefore, overclaim marketing practices must be eliminated to maintain the integrity of the industry and protect consumers’ rights to accurate information and products that align with their claims.

This study examines the market mechanism from the perspective of Islamic economics as a response to conventional economic systems that tend to emphasize either free-market principles or full government intervention. In Islam, the market mechanism is governed by principles of justice, transparency, and balance among the interests of individuals, the state, and society. This research highlights the thoughts of classical Islamic scholars such as Abu Yusuf, Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Ghazali, and Ibn Khaldun, who had already elaborated on the concepts of markets, pricing, supply and demand, and ethical conduct in transactions long before Western economists developed similar ideas. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, this article analyzes various market distortions such as ihtikar (hoarding), tadlis (fraud), riba (usury), and gharar (uncertainty), as well as the role of government in limited intervention to maintain balance and fairness. The findings show that the Islamic market mechanism is not solely focused on economic efficiency, but is also deeply rooted in moral and spiritual values.

Classroom management skills are one of the fundamental competencies in teaching aimed at creating and maintaining an optimal learning environment. In other words, this skill is closely related to the professional abilities of teachers to produce favorable conditions, provide enjoyment for learners, and foster a healthy learning discipline. This study aims to understand how classroom management is implemented at Private High School Utama Medan located in Medan Tembung District, Medan City. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. Several issues that arise in classroom management at Private High School Utama Medan include: students seeking attention, emotional students, students facing learning difficulties, students who struggle to cooperate with their group mates, groups that violate regulations, a lack of adequate learning media, and a classroom atmosphere that is not supportive.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the implementation of the Project to Strengthen the Profile of Pancasila Students and Rahmatan lil Alamin Students (P5PPRA) within the Merdeka Curriculum for Grade 4 students at MI Ziyadatul Iman, Jambi City. The focus is on how the program is carried out and the factors that influence its success. A descriptive qualitative method was used, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the implementation of P5PPRA consists of three key stages. First, the planning stage involves forming a facilitator team, assessing the school’s readiness, choosing project themes and dimensions, and preparing modules and schedules. Second, the implementation phase includes five steps: introduction, contextualization, action, reflection, and follow-up. Third, evaluation is conducted by teachers through performance assessments, evaluation of student products, and assessment of attitudes and skills, using both written tools and observation. Supporting factors include cooperation from school stakeholders, sufficient facilities, and available funding. Meanwhile, obstacles include a lack of teacher training on the Merdeka Curriculum and limited understanding of P5PPRA. By identifying these factors, schools can strengthen support and find solutions to challenges, helping ensure the program runs effectively.

This study discusses how corporate governance (Good Corporate Governance/GCG) plays a role in reducing and controlling financial risk in an organization. Financial risk is an inseparable aspect of business activities, especially when companies face unstable and challenging market conditions. Therefore, a governance system is needed that can help companies recognize potential risks early on, as well as set appropriate handling strategies to minimize their impact on business continuity. The method used in this study is a literature study, namely by collecting secondary data from scientific journals and trusted articles that are relevant to the topic. The discussion includes theoretical foundations related to GCG principles, corporate governance structures, and financial risk mitigation steps. In addition, the role of the government in providing regulatory support is also discussed as part of the external factors that affect the effectiveness of corporate governance. From the results of the analysis, it is known that the application of GCG principles such as transparency, accountability, and responsibility has a major influence on the company's resilience in facing financial risks. A clear organizational structure and strong supervision allow companies to manage risks systematically. In other words, GCG makes a real contribution to strengthening a sustainable and adaptive risk management system to changes in the business environment.

The increasingly dynamic and competitive business environment requires companies to respond strategically to various external threats. This study aims to examine the strategic responses adopted by companies in facing competitive dynamics through a literature review approach. The method used is a systematic review of scholarly articles published in the last five years. The findings indicate that companies implement various strategies—such as product innovation, strategic alliances, and organizational restructuring—as responses to competitive pressures. This study contributes to a better understanding of how companies can survive and grow amidst intense market competition.