In today’s dynamic industrial environment, optimizing employee performance has become a strategic imperative for organizational sustainability. Among the factors that significantly influence workforce outcomes, the physical work environment and leadership style stand out as pivotal drivers. This study explores how these two variables affect employee performance within PT. MPIW, a prominent manufacturing firm in Jakarta. Employing a quantitative approach, data were obtained through structured questionnaires from 50 purposively selected respondents working in logistics, production, and purchasing divisions. Using IBM SPSS Statistics 21, the analysis revealed compelling insights. The work environment demonstrated a strong and positive influence on employee performance (t = 11.883, p < 0.001), affirming that factors such as spatial adequacy, safety, and interpersonal dynamics play a crucial role in enhancing productivity. Surprisingly, leadership style exerted a negative and statistically significant effect (t = -3.880, p < 0.001), suggesting that the prevailing authoritarian tendencies may undermine employee morale and engagement. The joint influence of both variables was also found to be significant (F = 86.518, p < 0.001), underscoring their combined relevance in shaping performance outcomes. This study contributes a critical perspective on organizational behavior in the manufacturing sector by integrating environmental and managerial dimensions into a unified analytical model. The findings underscore the need for adaptive, participatory leadership approaches and strategic enhancement of workplace conditions to drive sustainable performance improvements.

Pegadaian is one of the Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia that continues to expand its market share through various marketing strategies. This study aims to analyze the market penetration strategies implemented by Pegadaian and identify the efforts that can be made to increase customer interest. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach from various accredited national journals in the last five years, as well as document analysis related to Pegadaian marketing strategies. The results of this study reveal that Pegadaian market penetration strategy is carried out through the optimization of digital promotion, the development of innovative products and services, and the improvement of financial literacy in society. Digital promotion strategies are carried out by utilizing social media and other online platforms to increase product awareness and education to the general public. In addition, product development such as Arrum Haji and Tabungan Emas has become an effective innovation in meeting market needs. Pegadaian is also actively conducting financial education through seminars, workshops, and outreach programs as a form of improving financial literacy and customer loyalty. These three strategies have consistently proven to attract new customers, increase loyalty, and strengthen Pegadaian position amidst the competition in Islamic financial institutions. This research contributes to enriching the study of marketing strategies for Islamic financial institutions, particularly in the pawnshop sector. The novelty of this research lies in the systematic and detailed mapping of Pegadaian market penetration strategies based on the latest literature.

Often, retributive approaches in Indonesia's criminal justice system have failed to address minor offenses fairly and efficiently. The study intends to assess the feasibility of restorative justice (RJ) in practice while also addressing the social and institutional challenges that come with handling minor cases in urban and semi-urban areas. Using qualitative methods within a descriptive-evaluative approach, it analyzes 10 real cases from East Jakarta and Depok involving 25 informants from five major stakeholder groups. Findings indicate that almost 80% of the cases were appropriately disposed of through community mediation, the results of which were satisfying to victims, fastened processes, and no harm caused to the offenders. On the contrary, there were some challenges, such as limited knowledge among law enforcement officers, a lack of training, and victims' disbelief in those solutions. It recommends success indicators defined from the culture of field practices and introduces a modeled policy for RJ in the Indonesian context. What makes this research novel is the cross-actor approach and theoretical integration that truly minimizes the gap between law-related formal regulations and restorer justice in practice.

Greenwashing poses significant challenges to sustainability initiatives in Indonesia, where weak regulatory frameworks and inconsistent enforcement exacerbate the issue. This study explores the interplay between greenwashing practices and legal regulations, aiming to identify gaps and propose solutions to address the problem. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research utilized document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and content observation to gather data from multiple stakeholders, including legal experts, industry practitioners, and consumer organizations. The findings reveal that 55% of sustainability claims in marketing materials lack verifiable evidence, highlighting transparency as a critical concern. Weak regulatory oversight and the absence of standardized definitions for terms like "sustainable" or "eco-friendly" further complicate the issue. The study identifies transparency, monitoring, and legal accountability as key themes requiring immediate attention. The research contributes to the existing literature by integrating legal perspectives with sustainable branding strategies, particularly in the context of developing countries. It also underscores the need for regulatory reforms that emphasize clear standards and stringent sanctions. Practical implications include recommendations for regulators to enhance oversight mechanisms and for companies to prioritize transparency to gain consumer trust. Future research should explore the effectiveness of standardized sustainability metrics and evaluate cross-country regulatory frameworks. This study offers a comprehensive foundation for addressing greenwashing and fostering authentic sustainability practices.

The evolution of digital technology in the ASEAN region poses a considerable hurdle to the path of legal protection of privacy concerning personal data. This study aims to identify similarities in the legal frameworks for personal data protection and their practical enforcement in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines. With the qualitative methodology commending comparative study and content analysis, data were collected from official regulations, literature reviews, and interviews with experts in the field of digital law. The main results showed that the protective systems in Singapore and the Philippines were stronger due to the presence of independent supervisory authorities, enforcement of stringent sanctions, and active civil participation from the public. On the other hand, challenges to enforcement and a lack of civil participation offer Indonesia and Malaysia little hope in softening what may be viewed as structural impediments. The study therefore recommends that for the harmonization of policies in ASEAN, supervisory institutions need to be strengthened, definitions of personal data need to be standardized, and public transparency needs to be enhanced. Particularly, this research is important in that it applies an indicator-based comparative approach and offers actionable policy recommendations that can be adopted regionally, addressing the challenges presented by the new digital era.

This study investigates the role of customary law in natural resource governance with a specific focus on strengthening the rights of Indigenous communities in Eastern Indonesia. The background of this research lies in the marginalization of customary law amid state-centered legal frameworks and the expansion of extractive industries, which often neglect Indigenous environmental stewardship. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research explores two Indigenous communities through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The study identifies seven major themes—including traditional ecological practices, legal legitimacy, and institutional collaboration—based on thematic coding of 42 interview transcripts. Findings reveal that customary law serves as a culturally embedded regulatory system that effectively preserves biodiversity and maintains social harmony. In regions where formal recognition of customary land rights exists, communities demonstrate stronger environmental governance and reduced conflict. Conversely, areas lacking formal legal acknowledgment face greater legal uncertainty and ecological degradation due to state-imposed concessions. The study highlights the need for an inclusive legal framework that integrates customary and state law to ensure environmental justice. It also contributes conceptually by offering an interdisciplinary model combining juridical and socio-legal perspectives to analyze legal pluralism. This research affirms that customary law is not static but adapts dynamically to social and political changes. As such, the recognition and institutional integration of Indigenous legal systems are essential for achieving sustainable and equitable natural resource management.

This study explores the development of a socio-legal framework for restorative justice (RJ) as an alternative approach to addressing online hate speech in Indonesia. In light of the increasing limitations of retributive legal systems—especially in digital contexts—this research investigates how RJ principles can be applied to digital conflict resolution involving victims, offenders, digital communities, and legal institutions. Using a qualitative descriptive design and a socio-legal lens, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and online observation. Findings reveal a substantial gap between formal punitive mechanisms and the social realities of online interaction. While legal actors tend to adopt retributive responses, digital communities have shown greater alignment with restorative practices, including public apologies, dialogue, and empathy.Four major themes rose to the fore: institutional resistance, psychosocial needs of the victims, grassroots initiatives for restorative justice, and the place of ethical technology in that regard. The most important outcome is an approved Socio-Legal Restorative Justice Digital Framework, which synergistically combines normative legal knowledge, community knowledge, and digital mediation tools. The framework theoretically and practically relates to a socio-juridical lexicon for promoting inclusive, participatory, and transformative justice in cyberspace, with an avenue for implementing and evolving adaptive policy in the future.

The crisis of legal authority in the management of customary forests reflects deep-seated issues in the relationship between customary law and state law in Indonesia, particularly in the context of the Dayak indigenous community in Kalimantan. This research aims to identify and analyze the dynamics of legal conflicts and authority imbalances in forest management recognized as customary areas by local communities, but often claimed as state forest areas by the government. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach and case study method, this research focuses on two strategic areas, namely Lamandau Regency and Gunung Mas. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and analysis of legal documents as well as customary territory maps from BRWA and AMAN. The research results indicate that the tension between customary law and state law is evident both structurally and in practice. On one hand, indigenous communities uphold principles of management based on local wisdom, spirituality, and social collectivism; on the other hand, the state imposes a positive law approach and administrative logic on forest areas. This conflict not only creates legal uncertainty but also marginalizes the role of indigenous communities as key stakeholders. The findings also indicate the existence of resistance efforts undertaken by indigenous communities through participatory mapping, strategic litigation, and strengthening local institutions. This research concludes that an approach of legal pluralism and substantial recognition of customary legal authority is a crucial step in creating ecological and social justice for indigenous communities.

Public trust in the legal system plays a pivotal role in ensuring the legitimacy and effectiveness of law enforcement in democratic societies. In Indonesia, recurring issues such as judicial inconsistency, law enforcement bias, and unequal access to legal services have contributed to a crisis of confidence among citizens. This study aims to investigate the determinants of public trust in Indonesia’s legal system and to explore the broader social implications through a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with key informants—including legal academics, activists, and citizens—complemented by media content, court rulings, and NGO reports. Thematic analysis, facilitated by ATLAS.ti, revealed three primary dimensions of legal trust: procedural justice, distributive justice, and restorative justice. Key findings show that personal experiences with legal institutions, media portrayal of legal cases, and the quality of institutional communication significantly influence public perceptions of the legal system. Participants who experienced discrimination or unequal treatment expressed higher levels of distrust, while others acknowledged the credibility of institutions such as the Constitutional Court. This study also finds that a lack of proactive and empathetic institutional communication undermines transparency and public legitimacy. The research contributes theoretically by integrating sociological and legal perspectives to understand how legal legitimacy is socially constructed. Practically, the findings highlight the need for structural and communicative reforms to rebuild public confidence in legal institutions. Ultimately, this study argues that trust in the legal system cannot be restored solely through legal formalism, but must also involve participatory engagement and equitable access to justice, especially in the context of Indonesia's evolving socio-political landscape.

Digital transformation has significantly reshaped how urban citizens interact with legal systems, particularly through mobile applications such as LAPOR!, Qlue, and JAKI. While these platforms are intended to promote legal awareness and civic participation, their effectiveness remains unclear due to the gap between technological adoption and legal literacy. This study aims to examine the extent of citizen engagement in legal reporting via digital platforms and assess how digital transformation influences legal awareness in urban settings. Employing a quantitative approach, the study used an online survey method with 300 respondents from Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya—cities known for implementing legal reporting applications. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests and logistic regression. The results indicate a relatively high usage rate of legal reporting apps; however, users' understanding of legal procedures remains moderate. Statistical analysis revealed that frequency of app usage and trust in legal institutions significantly affect legal awareness. Nevertheless, technological engagement alone does not automatically translate into improved legal understanding. The study highlights the need for integrated digital legal education within reporting applications and emphasizes institutional transparency as a driver of citizen trust and participation. This research contributes to the e-governance literature by proposing legal awareness as a critical normative variable, offering theoretical insights and practical recommendations for building more inclusive and participatory digital legal systems.