This study used a questionnaire distributed to employees at Kopi Salu Sopai, North Toraja Regency with a total sample of 16 respondents. Sampling using purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. From the test results it is known that raw material costs have a significant effect on sales turnover. Labor costs have a significant effect on sales turnover. Factory overhead costs have a significant effect on sales turnover. Simultaneously show so that raw material costs, labor costs and factory overhead costs simultaneously affect sales turnover.

Programming Language is a language used to write computer program codes. Programming languages ​​allow programmers to instruct computers to perform certain tasks. There are many different programming languages ​​such as Python, Java, C++, PHP, JavaScript and so on. This article only focuses on explaining the C++ and Python programming languages. The aim of this article is to find out the differences between the C++ and Python programming languages ​​and to find out the advantages and functions of each programming language. From the results obtained, the two C++ programming languages ​​are more focused on Windows development, while Python is more often used in software development and the C++ programming language is more difficult to understand than the Python programming language.

This research aims to test and analyze the influence of profitability and company size on corporate social responsibility in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The type of research used is a quantitative method. The type of data used in this research is panel data, namely a combination of time series data and cross section data. The data source used in the research is secondary data. Of the 46 companies in the population in this study, only 13 companies met the criteria. The technique used is purposive sampling. In analyzing the data using Eviews 8 software. Based on the research results, it shows that profitability has no effect on corporate social responsibility and company size has a negative and significant effect on corporate social responsibility.

This article discusses entrepreneurship. Where an entrepreneur is a person who is creative, dynamic and innovative, and he is willing to take various types of risks and dare to face all challenges that cannot be predicted and foreseen, through his creativity and strength of will to achieve success. This discusses how someone can create business opportunities that have not been done by others so that they become innovations that can develop among the general public which can become a business opportunity. Entrepreneurship is needed for its desired presence in the development process of society - the nation in general and in particular to increase individual prosperity through increasing purchasing power, and this purchasing power is created through increasing real income.

In the era of online business that continues to grow, the development of technology-based entrepreneurial models, or technopreneurship, has become the main focus of attention. Rapid changes in information technology and the internet have changed the way we do business. This article will discuss how technopreneurship has become the key to exploiting new opportunities in the digital world. In this discussion, we will explain the importance of technopreneurship in the context of online business, including the role of technological innovation, use of online platforms, e-commerce, and mobile applications. This research uses library research, namely a method of collecting data by understanding and studying theories from various literature related to the research. This data collection uses the method of searching for sources and constructing them from various sources, for example books, journals and research that has already been carried out. Library materials obtained from various references are analyzed critically and must be in-depth in order to support the propositions and ideas.

PT PHR perlu membangun dan melakukan sosialisasi strategi komunikasi yang efektif dengan seluruh stakeholder. Namun salah satu tantangan yang dihadapi BUMN, termasuk PT PHR, dalam penerapan GCG adalah kurangnya pemahaman dan kesadaran tentang pentingnya GCG oleh semua elemen perusahaan. Hal ini bisa berakibat pada penyerapan yang rendah dan implementasi GCG yang tidak optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa strategi komunikasi dalam sosialisasi GCG pada BUMN, dengan menggunakan studi kasus PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan. Melalui analisa komunikasi, penelitian ini berharap dapat menemukan strategi optimis dalam sosialisasi GCG yang efektif dan berdampak langsung pada peningkatan kualitas BUMN. Sehingga jenis penelitian kuantitatif  yang bersifat deskriptif analisis  sederhana yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi komunikasi dalam sosialisasi Good Corporate Governance (GCG) di PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan telah terimplementasi dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari tingginya skor transparansi informasi, pelaksanaan etika bisnis dan pedoman perilaku, serta implementasi CSR yang memiliki kontribusi signifikan dalam peningkatan reputasi dan kredibilitas perusahaan. Perusahaan juga menunjukkan komitmen dalam memberikan perlakuan adil kepada semua stakeholder. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini dapat membantu memperkaya diskusi akademis tentang bagaimana menerapkan dan mensosialisasikan GCG dalam konteks budaya dan ekonomi tertentu.

The objectives of this study are (1) To find out the factors that cause land disputes between residents in Tainsala Village (2) To find out the role of the Tainsala Village government in resolving land disputes between residents in Tainsala Village. The research method uses empirical research, namely data obtained directly from the field. This research uses empirical legal research, using a qualitative approach method, namely an approach based on the type of data and data analysis. The data used includes primary, secondary data, data collected through interviews, and non-participant observation. Also, using qualitative descriptive analysis, where the data is presented by describing the results of research on efforts to resolve land disputes between residents by the village government. The results showed: (1) Factors that cause land disputes between residents in Tainsala Village, due to unclear land ownership status, the influence of customary settlements (belis), the increasing needs of life and the high price of land and conflicts between sellers and buyers of land. (2) The role of the village government in resolving land disputes between residents in Tainsala Village, settlement by mediation, namely the village head as an arbiter in resolving disputes between two parties and settlement in a family manner, namely settlement carried out by peaceful means involving family elements from the parties to the case. The suggestions are: (1) The village government must provide direction to the community to clarify the land certificate. (2) The village government must make a statement letter if the settlement of land disputes is carried out in a family manner.

The journal 'The Dynamics of Conflict and Adaptation of Mobile Traders in Modern Society: A Dahrendorf Conflict Sociological Perspective' explores the complex interactions between mobile traders and modern society using the sociological framework of conflict proposed by Ralf Dahrendorf. This research details how mobile merchants, as social groups vulnerable to conflict with existing social authorities and structures, seek to adapt in a modern society filled with diverse social, economic, and cultural changes. With a focus on the dynamics of conflicts that arise along their journey, this journal also analyzes the adaptation strategies used by mobile traders in answering the challenges faced in this modern era. Through Dahrendorf's approach, this journal provides an in-depth insight into social change and conflict that occurs in contemporary society, by focusing on the role and experience of mobile traders as social agents who interact in the complexity of conflict and adaptation structures.
 

Purworejo Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency is one of the onion producers in East Java. Purworejo Village has geographical and climatic conditions that support the growth of onions well. Fertile soil and sufficient rainfall enable farmers to obtain optimal harvest results. Agricultural knowledge and traditions that have been passed down from generation to generation have become valuable capital for local farmers in managing shallot crops well. In Purworejo Village there is agricultural land that uses a greenhouse system, however the green house has been unused and neglected because it is poorly maintained. The PPK HMD Management team is working together with the Karya Bakti 1 Farmers Group in Purworejo Village to revitalize and reuse greenhouse agricultural land for planting shallots. Methods used in revitalization include evaluating land conditions, soil analysis and fertilization, water management, and routine maintenance. The results of the revitalization of the greenhouse will be used as an outdoor education center which is useful for providing experience in raising shallots through to the harvesting process as an application of shallot farming theory.

Mitsubishi Chemical Indonesia is a producer of Purify Terepthalic Acid (PTA) in Indonesia with an important role in meeting the primary needs of the Indonesian population by managing raw materials to produce purified terepthalic acid. Purified terepthalic acid is the main raw material for polyester fiber. The problem that occurs is the phenomenon of the bullwhip effect, namely the occurrence of fluctuations between orders and demand which results in a shortage of raw materials or low inventory which can cause production to stop. So the purpose of this study is to calculate the value of the bullwhip effect, determine the causes of the bullwhip effect, and determine solutions to reduce the bullwhip effect. This study begins by calculating the value of the bullwhip effect at the two echelons. The method used in this research is FMEA. The results of this study are the value of the bullwhip effect at echelon 1 (suppliers and PPIC) = 1.27 and echelon 2 (PPIC and distributors) = 0.93. This value indicates the occurrence of a bullwhip effect in echelon 1 while echelon 2 does not indicate the occurrence of a bullwhip effect. The dominant causes of the bullwhip effect are market competition, rising material prices, demand forecasting that is not close to accurate and the number of orders for raw materials in large quantities. The proposed improvement is to collaborate with suppliers and customers to get guaranteed orders and demand that are fixed and sustainable. This value indicates the occurrence of a bullwhip effect in echelon 1 while echelon 2 does not indicate the occurrence of a bullwhip effect. The dominant causes of the bullwhip effect are market competition, rising material prices, demand forecasting that is not close to accurate and the number of orders for raw materials in large quantities. The proposed improvement is to collaborate with suppliers and customers to get guaranteed orders and demand that are fixed and sustainable. This value indicates the occurrence of a bullwhip effect in echelon 1 while echelon 2 does not indicate the occurrence of a bullwhip effect. The dominant causes of the bullwhip effect are market competition, rising material prices, demand forecasting that is not close to accurate and the number of orders for raw materials in large quantities. The proposed improvement is to collaborate with suppliers and customers to get guaranteed orders and demand that are fixed and sustainable.