This study aims to examine the legal protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property as a result of joint management in a marriage. In many cases, this mixing causes unclear legal status of the assets, especially during divorce or inheritance division. This study uses empirical normative legal methods with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. This study shows that legal regulations in Indonesia related to the protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property due to joint management in marriage, and highlights the inconsistency of court decisions in such disputes and their impact on household economic stability. Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law have distinguished between property brought into marriage and joint property, practice in the field shows that mixing of property due to joint management often causes conflict during divorce. Inconsistency in court decisions arises due to the unclear norms in Article 37 of the Marriage Law which provide room for different interpretations by judges. This has an impact on legal uncertainty and potential injustice, especially for parties who are socially or economically weaker. Mixed property disputes also affect household economic stability, exacerbate social inequality, and cause psychological burdens for family members, including children. This study recommends the need for more detailed regulatory updates, the issuance of technical guidelines by the Supreme Court to unify decision standards, and increased legal education for the community to prevent conflicts through marriage agreements.

Employee productivity is a crucial element in determining the operational success of a company, which is influenced by internal factors such as technical skills and working conditions. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which technical skills contribute to increasing employee productivity at PT Sumber Bara Abadi, considering the role of the work environment as a mediating variable. The research approach is quantitative, using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. The population in this study includes all 70 permanent employees of the company, where the entire population was used as the sample through a census technique due to its limited size. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire designed to assess aspects of technical skills, work environment, and productivity levels. The analysis results indicate that technical skills have a positive and significant influence on productivity, as well as on the work environment. Additionally, the work environment was also found to have a significant impact on employee productivity. Other findings confirm that technical skills indirectly influence productivity through the mediation of the work environment. Based on these results, it is recommended that the company develop a technical skills training program integrated with a strategy for creating a conducive work environment to promote optimal and sustainable productivity.

The integration of telemedicine and artificial intelligence (AI) into critical care has emerged as a revolutionary development in the healthcare sector, aiming to enhance patient care and outcomes. This research aims to explore the impact of these technologies on improving the quality of patient care in intensive care units (ICUs). A systematic review of recent studies published between 2018 and 2023 was conducted to analyze the role of telemedicine in improving access to healthcare and the application of AI in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and monitoring patients in real-time. The findings suggest that both telemedicine and AI significantly reduce response times, improve decision-making processes, and increase the accuracy of diagnoses, which ultimately contribute to better patient safety and outcomes. The research also highlights challenges, including infrastructure limitations and the need for specialized training for healthcare professionals. The study’s implications underline the importance of integrating these technologies in critical care units to improve overall healthcare delivery, while addressing barriers to implementation. Future research should focus on overcoming these challenges and exploring long-term outcomes of technology use in critical care environments.

Edentulism is the condition of losing all permanent teeth in the upper and lower jaws, which can impair masticatory function. Masticatory performance is influenced by various factors, one of which is the salivary flow rate, which is also affected by age. This study aimed to determine the average salivary flow rate and masticatory performance, as well as their correlation based on age in complete denture (CD) wearers at the Dental and Oral Hospital of Universitas Sumatera Utara. This research is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design involving 20 respondents, consisting of 10 adults (aged 19–59 years) and 10 elderly individuals (aged ≥60 years). The salivary flow rate was measured using the spitting method with sugar-free chewing gum, and masticatory performance was assessed using the color-changeable chewing gum method and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results showed that the average salivary flow rate in adults was 3.18 ± 0.91 ml/min, and in the elderly was 2.29 ± 1.29 ml/min. The average masticatory performance score in adults was 3.8 ± 1.14, and in the elderly was 3.4 ± 1.17. Spearman correlation test showed a significant correlation between salivary flow rate and masticatory performance in both adults (p=0.014) and the elderly (p=0.049). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between salivary flow rate and masticatory performance based on age. Adult patients demonstrated better salivary flow rates and masticatory performance than elderly patients.

This study aims to determine the influence of Ownership Structure, Capital Structure,   Good   Corporate   Governance   and   Company   Size   on   Company Financial Performance in Energy Sector companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange for the period 2019-2023. The variables used in this study, the independent variable (X) consists of Ownership Structure proxied by Institutional Ownership (KI), Capital Structure proxied by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Good Corporate Governance proxied by Independent Board of Commisioners (DKI) and Company Size by Ln (TA) and the dependent variable (Y) is Financial Permormance proxied by Return on Assets (ROA). The sample in this study was obtained using the purposive side method.Based on the criteria and data processing process that  were set, 25 companies  were determined as research samples. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression. The results of this study state that the influence between ownership structuree, capital structutre, good corporate governance, and company size has a  simultaneous effect on the financial performance of the Energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

This study explains the impact of digital marketing growth and business ethics on the competitive advantage of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Cikarang. MSMEs have competed intensively in this digital era, so it is important to use innovative digital marketing and uphold business ethics to gain customer trust. However, most MSMEs in Cikarang still find it difficult to implement effective digital marketing strategies and business ethics in their daily operations, resulting in low competitive advantage. In the real world, this study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 60 MSME actors in Cikarang. The results show that the development of digital marketing and business ethics simultaneously have a significant influence on the competitive advantage of MSMEs. Although the role of digital marketing is significant, business ethics has a greater influence in shaping the competitive advantage of MSMEs in Cikarang. This means that MSMEs in Cikarang not only need to develop digital marketing, but also must prioritize business ethics to achieve sustainable competitive advantage..

A notary is a public official who makes authentic deeds according to Article 1 paragraph (1) of Law of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2004 on the Notary Position. In practice, there is a Substitute Notary who is temporarily appointed when the notary is absent. Although their authority is equal, the requirements for their appointment are lighter, creating normative disparities that impact the quality and legal certainty of the deed. This normative-prescriptive legal study highlights the urgency of revising the Notary Law and Permenkumham No. 19 of 2019 to guarantee professionalism and legal protection for service users. The results of the study indicate the urgency of revising the provisions in the Notary Law and the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 19 of 2019, especially those regulating the requirements and position of Substitute Notaries, in order to guarantee professionalism and legal protection for the community using notary services.

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence of profitability in mediating ownership structure on firm value. The sample used in this study were all Food and Beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2023 period using purposive sampling method, namely 48 companies. The software analysis used is WarpPLS 8.0. The results of this study indicate that ownership structure and liquidity directly have a positive and significant effect on firm value. While leverage shows that it has no effect on firm value. Ownership structure has a positive and significant positive effect on profitability. The test results prove that profitability is able to partially mediate the effect of ownership structure on firm value.
 

Grounding incidents are among the most critical maritime accidents, posing significant threats to navigational safety, operational efficiency, and logistics continuity. This study aims to analyze the contributing factors behind the grounding of MV. Tanto Luas in the Mahakam River and to identify effective mitigation efforts. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct observation, interviews with ship crew, and documentation during onboard sea practice (PRALA). The findings reveal that the grounding incident was primarily caused by poor communication between MV. Tanto Luas and a tugboat, improper navigational decisions, and shallow, wave-affected waters. The Fishbone Diagram (Cause and Effect Diagram) method was used to systematically identify the root causes of the problem. Mitigation efforts included tank sounding, tidal monitoring, optimal use of navigational equipment, and improved inter-vessel coordination. The study concludes that grounding incidents can be prevented through enhanced communication, strict adherence to navigational procedures, and regular crew training. This research offers both practical and theoretical contributions to the enhancement of maritime safety in narrow waterways such as the Mahakam River.

This study aims to analyze the pragmatic aspects and persuasive strategies in a public service advertisement entitled "Throw Trash in Its Place. The Earth is Not Your Trash Can." This study uses a pragmatic approach with a focus on the theory of speech acts, implicature, deixis, and politeness of language to reveal how to convey messages effectively and persuasively in the context of public communication. The advertisement is analyzed as a form of directive communication that aims to encourage changes in people's behavior towards issues of cleanliness and environmental concern. The results of the analysis show that this advertisement utilizes strong but polite directive speech acts, normative implicatures to instill values, the use of personal deixis to build closeness with the audience, and positive and negative politeness strategies to maintain social relations. Thus, advertisements not only function as a medium for conveying information, but also as an instrument for forming collective awareness through a communicative approach that is contextual, efficient, and emotionally and rationally appealing to its audience.