This paper examines the implementation of translanguaging pedagogies within digital learning environments and their effectiveness in developing multilingual competence among Generation Z learners. Through a mixed-methods study involving 186 students and 14 educators across six higher education institutions, this research investigates how strategic integration of translanguaging practices in digital spaces supports linguistic flexibility, metalinguistic awareness, and cross-cultural competence. Findings reveal that digitally-mediated translanguaging approaches resulted in significant improvements in learners' willingness to communicate across languages (p<.01), metalinguistic awareness (p<.001), and cross-cultural communication efficacy (p<.01) compared to monolingual instructional approaches. The research further identifies five key digital translanguaging strategies that effectively leverage Generation Z's technological aptitude and multimodal literacy. This study contributes to the growing field of multilingual digital pedagogy by demonstrating how translanguaging can be systematically integrated into digital learning environments to foster linguistic repertoire expansion that aligns with the communicative needs of increasingly globalized contexts. The pedagogical framework presented offers practical guidance for educators seeking to implement translanguaging approaches in various digital learning modalities while accommodating Generation Z's learning preferences and multilingual development.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem pendingin terintegrasi berbasis teknologi nano untuk meningkatkan efisiensi mesin kendaraan bermotor. Sistem pendingin berbasis nano yang dikembangkan dapat mengoptimalkan suhu mesin, memperpanjang umur komponen, dan mengurangi konsumsi energi. Penelitian ini menggunakan cairan pendingin berbasis nano yang mengandung nanopartikel logam (tembaga dan aluminium) serta karbon nanotube (CNT) untuk meningkatkan konduktivitas termal. Pengujian dilakukan dalam dua tahap: pengujian simulasi suhu mesin dan pengujian dunia nyata pada kendaraan bermotor. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pendingin berbasis nano berhasil menurunkan suhu mesin hingga 7°C lebih rendah dibandingkan sistem pendingin konvensional. Selain itu, efisiensi bahan bakar meningkat sebesar 5% dan emisi CO2 berkurang sebesar 10%, menunjukkan bahwa sistem pendingin berbasis nano berpotensi mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Meskipun demikian, tantangan utama adalah biaya produksi material nano yang masih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menurunkan biaya dan meningkatkan kestabilan material nano dalam aplikasi dunia nyata.

This article discusses the legal dynamics of inheritance of different religions between the testator and the heirs in Indonesia by comparing the inheritance law in the Civil Code and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). The method in this article is legal research. This research is prescriptive, which is to provide an assessment of something that should be done. This research uses a case approach, namely by examining the legal reasons (ratio decidendi) used by the judge in the decision or determination. The results of this article conclude that according to inheritance law in the Civil Code, there is no recognition of religious differences as a barrier to inheritance, in other words, it is valid for people of different religions to become heirs or inherit. Whereas in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), religious differences are a barrier for someone to get an inheritance from the heir. Although Islamic law and KHI do not recognize inheritance of different religions, the case of inheritance of different religions between the testator and the heir in Indonesia in several Supreme Court Decisions in Indonesia can be concluded that the Panel of Judges who decide cases regarding heirs of different religions with the testator can obtain inheritance through compulsory probate.

This research aims to analyze and find out the legal considerations of the panel of judges in the decision of case Number 1332/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Btl) for the parties of the istishna' sale and purchase agreement which does not stipulate a delivery time limit. This research is normative legal research, which emphasizes the study of statutory norms, principles and principles of positive law, positive legal theory and basically legislative, conceptual and case approaches. In case decision Number 1332/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Btl., the panel of judges considered that the preliminary sale and purchase agreement was declared valid and binding on both parties because it had fulfilled the legal requirements of the agreement. As a legal consequence, the agreement remains valid and binding on both parties. Both parties still have the obligation to complete their achievements in good faith.

This research aims to find out the procedure for land certification as a result of the land swap (ruislag) in the implementation of the ruislag between MAN 2 Kuningan and Ciawigebang Village, a more in-depth analysis of the issues and strategies made by the parties involved in the certification process to achieve legal certainty of land rights. This research employs a qualitative research method, drawing on an empirical legal research approach and a sociological perspective. The results of this study indicate that the process of land certification as a result of ruislag is included in the maintenance service of land registration data by the Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2010 concerning service standards and land regulations so that a certificate of use rights and a certificate of business use rights for four plots of land to replace the Ciawigebang MAN 2 Kuningan Village Treasury. The issues faced are related to administrative documents, designation of replacement land rights, and land conditions, because the distance between the ruislag process and land registration is quite long. Strategies made are cooperation between the parties, increasing the intensity of coordination between agencies, and reviewing regulations relating to the issuance of ruislag and registration of land rights. With these strategies, the certification process has become easier, thereby ensuring the legal certainty of land rights for rights holders.

This study examines the role of homeless people in the Indonesian Independence Revolution in Semarang City in the period 1945–1950. The main focus of the study includes the socio-economic background of the emergence of homeless people, their contribution in the physical struggle against the Japanese and Dutch troops, and their involvement in struggle organizations such as Laskar Kere and Laskar Jembel. Using historical research methods—including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography—this study highlights how homeless people, despite being socially marginalized, actively participated as fighters and spies in the struggle for independence. The study also reveals the passive side of some homeless people who remained mired in poverty and were not involved in the revolution. The findings show that homeless people have a complex role, both as active actors in the revolution and as symbols of the social impact of war and colonialism. This study enriches the understanding of urban social dynamics in the history of the nation's struggle.

This article discusses the role of Kyai Arsantaka, who is considered one of the key figures in the formation of Purbalingga, a region in Central Java. As a revered historical figure, Kyai Arsantaka made significant contributions to the spread of Islamic teachings, as well as in establishing the social and cultural foundations of Purbalingga. Beyond his religious endeavors, his contributions can also be seen in infrastructure development, the strengthening of local traditions, and fostering harmonious social relationships within the community. This article explores the enduring legacy of Kyai Arsantaka spiritually, socially, and culturally which continues to be felt to this day. With a historical and anthropological approach, it provides an in-depth analysis of how the values championed by Kyai Arsantaka remain relevant and serve as guiding principles in the lives of the people of Purbalingga today.

This paper analyzes the victory of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) Party in the 1971 General Election in Surabaya Regency as part of the local political dynamics during the early New Order period. Using a political history approach and a qualitative-descriptive method, the article examines the social, cultural, and political strategies that contributed to NU's success. Data were collected through literature review, archival documentation, and interviews with historical witnesses and community leaders. The findings indicate that the network of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and traditional clerics (kiai) played a crucial role in consolidating grassroots support, while the post-G30S social climate and public distrust toward secular parties further strengthened NU’s position. These findings demonstrate that, despite the pressure of a New Order regime that supported Golkar, traditional Islamic cultural forces were still able to carve out political victories at the local level. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how local cultural power can persist and even triumph within a centralized political system.

The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) has significantly supported the expansion of e-commerce. This literature review explores how fintech innovations—such as digital wallets, online payments, and digital lending—enhance transaction efficiency, increase consumer trust, and support small businesses in online markets. Findings indicate a strong synergy between fintech and e-commerce, though challenges remain in data security, regulation, and digital literacy. This study aims to provide a concise overview of fintech's role in driving digital economic growth.Keywords : fintech, e-commerce, digital payment, innovation, digital economy

Musyarakah financing is a strategic tool to empower Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) through justice, collaboration, and profit-sharing based on Islamic principles. This study explores the implementation of musyarakah contracts in MSEs, identifies existing challenges, and proposes optimization strategies. Through a literature review, the study reveals that while musyarakah provides fair, interest-free financing, its application is limited by low Islamic financial literacy, weak oversight, and limited technological and managerial capabilities among MSE actors. Despite these issues, musyarakah plays a vital role in expanding access to capital, improving business practices, and strengthening MSEs' position in the national economy. Optimization can be achieved through enhanced education, stronger and sustainable partnerships, simplified regulations, and digital integration. With these improvements, musyarakah has strong potential to serve as an inclusive, sustainable instrument aligned with Islamic economic values, contributing significantly to the growth and resilience of the MSE sector.Keywords : Islamic Finance, Micro and Small Enterprises, Musyarakah.