The purpose of this study is to find out the difficulties experienced by students in solving mathematical problems, especially in working on or solving problems in the two-variable linear equation system material and to find out the causes of difficulties in the two-variable linear equation system material that has been carried out by grade VIII students. This type of research is qualitative research, namely by making observations, then the researcher gives several questions given to the research subject to work on. The test instrument used in this study is in the form of 2 questions, namely about the material of the two-variable linear equation system that has been validated. The subjects in this study were 19 students in class VIII A who participated in the research process, then the researcher selected 6 students as representatives of the research subjects. The instrument of this study is a written test by giving questions, then interviews. In the results of the research that have been observed along with the results of interviews used to determine the type of difficulty students in solving problems of the two-variable linear equation system, the test results show that students experience difficulties shown by making mistakes in working on the problem. The causes of students' difficulties that often occur are usually lack of concentration when working, difficulties when faced with different forms of problems, forgetting the material that has been taught.

The songkok industry in Lamongan has quite a large economic potential, but still faces various challenges in increasing competitiveness, especially in facing increasingly tight market competition. Some of the main obstacles found are lack of innovation, limited access to wider markets, and low utilization of technology in production and marketing. This study aims to explore strategies to increase the competitiveness of local songkok products through a creative economic empowerment program using the Chambers Theory perspective. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature studies. Data analysis was carried out descriptively qualitatively with three main stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the creative economic empowerment program plays a significant role in improving craftsmen's skills, encouraging innovation in design, and expanding the marketing reach of songkok products. By applying analysis based on Chambers Theory, this empowerment contributes to increasing power within (craftsmen's confidence and awareness), power to (individual capacity to innovate and develop businesses), power with (collaboration between craftsmen in the community), and power over (ability to face competition and external constraints). Based on these results, it can be concluded that empowering the creative economy is an effective strategy in increasing the competitiveness of Lamongan songkok products. Therefore, close cooperation is needed between the government, the artisan community, and the private sector in order to create a sustainable creative industry environment.
 
 

This study aims to investigate and design a content marketing strategy to enhance user awareness of the referral feature in the Flip application. In addressing the lack of knowledge and utilization of the referral feature, the focus of this research is to understand how digital content marketing can strengthen customer awareness. The analysis explores the barriers to the adoption of this feature, including insufficient emphasis, inadequate information, and uncertainty about its benefits. Through a content marketing-focused approach, the proposed strategy includes optimizing the website and application to clearly illustrate the referral feature, leveraging email marketing campaigns to provide user guides, and utilizing social media and educational content to explain the concrete benefits of using the referral feature. Additionally, the approach includes data analysis to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented content strategy. It is expected that by applying a targeted and measurable content marketing strategy, the Flip application can overcome awareness challenges, increase user participation, and achieve significant growth in the adoption of the referral feature. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the critical role content marketing plays in raising awareness and user engagement with key features in applications.

Quality human resources and effective managerial skills are crucial elements in driving employee performance, which ultimately determines the success of a business in achieving its goals. The main problems identified in this study are the presence of unwise leaders, bad habits in the organization, and lack of punctuality at work. Management must recognize and embrace human resources as the most important strategic component. This will ensure that goals are achieved on time and accordingly. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of employee performance, organizational culture and work discipline on employee performance. Quantitative method is a research method used to determine the relationship between variables through data collection that can be counted or measured numerically. Quantitative research focuses on measuring and analyzing numerical data, with the aim of describing phenomena, testing hypotheses, and making generalizations or conclusions that apply broadly. This study uses saturated sampling technique with a population of 21 people. The comparison of the significance value with the error rate determined at 0.05 is 0.017 <0.05. Based on this, it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (H4) in this study is accepted, while the null hypothesis (Ho4) is rejected.

The purpose of this study is to determine how the quality of teaching and learning process at Mis Al-Hilaal Wanakarta school is impacted by the aspects of teacher discipline. This study employs quantitative approach and uses saturated sample which involves twelve teachers. The data is gathered by observation, questionnaires with five possible answers on a Likert scale score choice form that are distributed to twelve teachers, and documentation as a supplementary method. The data is analyzed using a straightforward linear regression test that includes Spearman rank correlation and the determination coefficient test, t test, or partial test, and F test, or simultaneous test. According to the study's findings, (H_0)  is rejected and (Ha) is accepted, indicating a strong and positive relationship between the aspects of teacher discipline and the quality of teaching and learning process. This is supported by the Spearman rank correlation coefficient value of 0.6137. Based on the R Square value of 0.517 obtained from the simple linear regression test, there is a 51.7% impact of the teacher discipline aspects on the quality of teaching and learning process. The results of the t test shows that the variable aspects of teacher discipline have a significant impact on the quality of the teaching and learning process (t value (3.269) > t table (1.812) with a significance of 0.008 <0.05), and the results of the F test shows that the F value is 10.683 with a significance of 0.008 <0.05.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kerangka hukum yang mengatur perlindungan anak serta tanggung jawab pelaku kekerasan seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan konseptual. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui kajian pustaka dan analisis dokumen hukum yang relevan, yang bertujuan untuk menggali dan memahami norma-norma hukum yang ada terkait perlindungan anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada berbagai peraturan yang mengatur tentang perlindungan anak, penerapan hukum masih menghadapi beberapa kendala. Salah satunya adalah kurangnya kesadaran serta edukasi tentang hak-hak anak yang seharusnya diketahui oleh masyarakat luas. Selain itu, stigma yang ada dalam masyarakat juga menjadi hambatan besar dalam penegakan hukum yang efektif. Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak dapat mengakibatkan dampak psikologis dan fisik yang berkepanjangan, bahkan merusak perkembangan anak dalam jangka panjang. Oleh karena itu, jaminan keamanan bagi korban menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam sistem peradilan yang adil. Korban harus merasa aman untuk melapor dan mendapatkan dukungan yang memadai, termasuk perlindungan fisik, layanan psikologis, dan jaminan kerahasiaan identitasnya sebagai bentuk dukungan pemulihan selama proses hukum berlangsung. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan sistem hukum serta perluasan program rehabilitasi bagi korban kekerasan seksual. Diharapkan, hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam penyusunan kebijakan hukum yang lebih efisien dalam melindungi anak-anak dan mencegah pelecehan seksual di masa depan.

Skincare Distributor Sr12 is a Distributor that provides herbal beauty products from PT. SR12 Herbal Perkasa. PT. SR12 Herbal Perkasa is a company engaged in the field of herbal & skin care which was established in 2015 by Toni Firmansyah, S. Farm., Apt as the main director, Asrianty Salam, S.Farm as a pharmacist who is responsible for Plant Operational. The Sr12 Distributor Store requires more active and wider marketing to increase sales. To improve marketing, an information system is needed that can make it easier for consumers to find information about product information and marketing of sr12 products. One of the media that is widely used in marketing is a website. A website is a collection of addresses that display interrelated information in the form of text, images, videos, animations, sounds or a combination of all of them that can be accessed using the internet. To build a website, a method is needed. Personal Extreme Programing (PXP) is a software development method that tries to simplify the various stages in the development process so that it becomes more addictive and flexible. Keywords: Information systems, single level, Personal Extreme Programming (PXP)

In the automotive sector, which produces over 60-70% of global pollution emissions, the world faces difficulties in making the switch from fossil fuels to environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. Technology has advanced significantly, and companies such as Toyota and FiA are working to improve competitiveness and attract more manufacturers to produce hybrid cars. Reducing environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions is the goal of the Formula 1 project, which partners with ARAMCO, one of the world's largest mining companies. Using the methodology of reviewing literature on energy-efficient fuels and adapting to Formula 1 vehicle regulations, with a special emphasis on hybrid strategies, to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Research on the use of synthetic materials in fuels such as ethanol, ethanol, butanole, dimethyl methacrylate (DMM), and oxymethylethyl (OME) 3-5 has shown promising results in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The transition to renewable energy sources is essential to reduce global pollution.

Diesel engines are essential for transporting heavy loads, requiring significant engine power. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding PTT (diesel fuel conditioner) additives to Dexlite fuel, focusing on mixtures of D0, D1, and D2. Additionally, variations in fuel pre-heating and engine cooling system fluids are examined. This research employs an experimental approach with descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that the optimal torque occurs with the D2 mixture, achieving 136.57 N·m at 2267 rpm with standard coolant, 152.03 N·m at 2100 rpm with a 50%:50% fluid ratio, and 160.70 N·m at 2033 rpm with a 30%:70% fluid ratio, all without pre-heating. The optimal power values for the D2 mixture are 74.60 HP at 4600 rpm with standard fluid, 75.23 HP at 4100 rpm with a 50%:50% fluid ratio, and 78.03 HP at 4000 rpm with a 30%:70% fluid ratio, also without pre-heating. The average results show that the D1 and D2 mixtures improve torque values by 0.77% and 4.75%, respectively, and enhance power by 0.19% and 1.53% compared to pure Dexlite. In contrast, pre-heating at 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C resulted in a decrease in torque of 1.00%, 2.26%, and 3.62%, respectively, and a reduction in power of 0.56%, 2.29%, and 4.79% compared to normal temperature conditions.

In line with current technological developments, the use of electric vehicles is expected to increase due to their environmentally friendly nature—primarily because they produce no exhaust emissions. One of the critical structural components of an electric car is the lower body. The lower body of the Rekarya EV has been specifically designed to accommodate three rows of seating. This study aims to evaluate the structural strength of the Rekarya EV's lower body under static loading conditions by analyzing von Mises stress, displacement, and safety factor values. The analysis was carried out using the Finite Element Method (FEM) through Autodesk Inventor Professional 2020. A static stress analysis was performed using ASTM A36 steel material with three different thickness variations: 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.4 mm. The resulting von Mises stress values were 72.88 MPa, 62.24 MPa, and 51.66 MPa, respectively. The corresponding displacement values were 1.366 mm, 1.295 mm, and 1.212 mm. The calculated safety factors were 3.41, 3.99, and 4.8. Additionally, the total weight of the lower body for each thickness was calculated as 88.012 kg, 100.823 kg, and 113.613 kg. The results indicate that all three thickness variations provide adequate safety factors; however, increasing material thickness significantly affects the overall weight of the structure. Therefore, a balance between strength and weight must be considered in the design process.