This study was conducted to determine the principal's strategy in implementing instructional leadership at SMP Muhammadiyah 48 Medan. The steps implemented by the principal of SMP Muhammadiyah 48 Medan in developing instructional leadership at SMP Muhammadiyah 48 Medan. The methodology of this study uses a qualitative research approach with a case study research type. In this study, data collection was carried out using several techniques, namely, interviews, observations, and documentation. The subjects of this study include the principal as the main informant along with the vice principal, teachers, as supporting informants. The analysis of this research data through steps including data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of this study indicate that the principal's strategy in implementing instructional leadership at SMP Muhammadiyah 48 Medan consists of: The strategy carried out by the principal in implementing instructional leadership is good, but still requires development to implement instructional leadership in schools. So that the implementation of this leadership is worthy of being developed and can be an example for other schools. The steps implemented by the principal related to instructional leadership are very good, because the principal covers the whole leadership from teachers, staff and students in the school. The role played by the principal is quite good, because the principal carries out the role of instructional leadership to understand that one of their tasks is to encourage teachers and other school members to join in their efforts and focus their energy on school goals.

This study aims to analyze the effect of data security, ease of use, and access speed on user trust in mobile banking applications in Indonesia. In the growing digital era, user trust is a crucial factor in determining the success of mobile banking applications. This research adopts a case study approach by selecting two widely used mobile banking apps in Indonesia: Bank Mandiri and Bank BNI. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 active users of the apps, as well as observation of the apps' interface and features. The study used thematic analysis to identify key themes that influence users' perceptions and trust in the apps. The results show that data security is the most influential factor on user trust, followed by the ease of use of the app, which also plays an important role in increasing user trust. Meanwhile, although access speed does have an impact, it is less significant compared to the other two factors. The findings provide important insights for mobile banking app developers to improve these aspects, strengthen user trust and loyalty, and promote the adoption of digital banking technology in Indonesia.

This study was conducted to determine: 1) the influence of work-life balance on employee performance at PDAM Tirta Limutu, Gorontalo Regency, 2) the influence of co-worker support on employee performance at PDAM Tirta Limutu, Gorontalo Regency, and 3) the influence of work-life balance and co-worker support on employee performance at PDAM Tirta Limutu, Gorontalo Regency. This study is associative with a quantitative approach, which aims to analyze the relationship between the variables studied. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regressions. The primary data analyzed was obtained through interviews and direct observation of the research object. The data collection process was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents. At the same time, the sampling technique used the census method, where the entire population was used as a sample in this study. The results of the study indicate that partial work-life balance (X1) has a positive and significant effect on the performance of PDAM Tirta Limutu employees in Gorontalo Regency, support from co-workers (X2) has a positive and significant effect on the performance of PDAM Tirta Limutu employees in Gorontalo Regency. Simultaneously, work-life balance and support from co-workers positively and significantly affect the performance of PDAM Tirta Limutu employees in Gorontalo Regency.

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of profitability represented by Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Earning Per Share (EPS) and Capital Structure represented by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on Stock Returns in Infrastructure sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2021-2023. The number of samples in this study were 43 companies with a total of 109 data.  This study uses an associative method with a quantitative approach. The data source used is secondary data. The data analysis method used are descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and determination coefficient test (R2). The results of this study are that ROA has a positive and significant effect on stock returns. ROE has a positive and significant effect on stock returns. EPS has no effect on stock returns. DER has a negative and significant effect on stock returns

This research aims to design a web server-based heart rate monitoring system, which enables real-time heart rate monitoring from a remote location. The system utilizes a heart rate sensor connected to a microcontroller to measure and transmit heart rate data to a web server via an internet connection. The data obtained can be accessed directly by the user through a web-based interface, thus facilitating the monitoring of individual health conditions in an efficient manner. In addition, the system is equipped with a notification feature that alerts the user if any irregularities in the heart rate are detected, such as beating too fast or slow. As such, the system has the potential to increase alertness and speed up medical action if needed. The development of this system shows significant potential in supporting technology-based health applications, both for personal use and in a broader healthcare context. It is hoped that the system can contribute towards the development of more integrated and accessible health monitoring solutions.
 
 
 

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of code-mixing and code-switching that occurs aong 4th-semester students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program (PBSI) at Universitas Nurul Huda. Using a descriptive quaitative approach, the research collects data through observation, conversation recordings, and interviews in campus environments as well as on social media. The findings indicate that PBSI students actively use intersentential code-mixing (between Indonesian and regional languages), intrasentential code-mixing (involving foreign languages), and mixed code-mixing. Meanwhile, code-switching occurs both internally (within the same language family) and externally (with foreign languages). Factors influencing these phenomena include the multilingual linguistik background of students, the influence of social edia and digital platforms, as well as expressive goals in communication. This research provides insights into the dynamics of language use in academic and social contexts, as well as the importance of linguistik awareness in Indonesian language education.

This study aims to observe and analyze the information technology infrastructure (ITI) utilized by the e-commerce company Tokopedia, in order to understand the role of ITI in supporting operations and business development in the digital era. The research method employed includes literature review and indirect observation through the analysis of secondary data sources, such as articles, company reports, and online publications related to Tokopedia's technology systems. The analysis focuses on hardware, software, networks, data, and human resources components within the ITI system. The results indicate that Tokopedia possesses a robust ITI, based on cloud computing and microservices architecture, which supports scalability, security, and operational efficiency. The implementation of technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and API integration are key to enhancing user experience and internal effectiveness. The study concludes that Tokopedia's success in delivering reliable e-commerce services largely depends on its adaptive and integrated IT infrastructure, as well as continuous investment in technology development and human capital. This research highlights the strategic importance of ITI in enhancing competitiveness and innovation in the e-commerce industry.

Merokok merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang menyebabkan masalah kesehatan yang serius bagi masyarakat, karena dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit kronis dan ketergantungan. Selain itu, interaksi antara perokok dan non-perokok juga berisiko, karena paparan asap rokok dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya penyakit pada individu yang tidak merokok. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, maka perlu adanya pengontrol optimal yang efektif mampu menekan banyaknya perokok konvensional dan perokok elektrik. Metode lagrange digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan kontrol optimal. Edukasi terkait bahaya merokok diberikan kepada individu yang berpotensi merokok, agar mereka tidak menjadi perokok konvensional atau perokok elektrik. Kampanye difokuskan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran tentang manfaat berhenti merokok, dan ditujukan untuk perokok baik konvensional maupun elektrik. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan melakukan kontrol melalui edukasi tentang bahaya merokok pasif dan kampanye berhenti merokok efektif dalam menurunkan jumlah perokok. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode lagrange dapat menjadi pendekatan yang efektif dalam mengendalikan populasi perokok.

Diabetes is the body’s inability to efficiently break down sugar or secrete enough insulin required to process glucose, which supports normal bodily functions. Diabetes, as a prevalent chronic disorder, has contributed to numerous underlying health challenges among its carriers and is classified by the WHO as the world’s deadliest disease and silent killer. Its non-communicable nature makes early diagnosis difficult, allowing progression through various stages: type I, type II, pre-diabetes, and gestational. This challenge is further compounded by the imbalanced nature of diabetes datasets, which leads to high misclassification, poor generalization, and reduced accuracy. This study predicts diabetes using a bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model applied to two datasets: (a) PIMA Indian Diabetes and (b) Iraqi Society Dataset, to evaluate the impact of six known balancing techniques and assess their effectiveness. Results show that for PID, the SMOTE-Tomek fused BiLSTM outperforms other balancing schemes with F1, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and Specificity scores of 0.9182, 0.9198, 0.9128, 0.9248, and 0.9208, respectively. For ISD, it also achieves the best performance with values of 0.9367, 0.9369, 0.9386, 0.9388, and 0.9313, respectively. Other balancing approaches yielded F1 scores ranging from [0.6751 to 0.9347], accuracy [0.684 to 0.9358], Precision [0.6851 to 0.9296], Recall [0.6639 to 0.9356], and specificity [0.6658 to 0.9298]. These results imply that BiLSTM is resilient to the vanishing gradient problem and can effectively classify diabetes cases with enhanced performance.

Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues with significant impacts on human health. This study aims to examine the relationship between air pollution levels and human health disorders, as well as to identify effective mitigation solutions. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through literature reviews from various journals, WHO reports, and other official sources. The analysis shows that exposure to air pollutants, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone, can trigger respiratory, cardiovascular, and mental health disorders, and adversely affect children and pregnancies. These impacts are both short-term and long-term, including increased premature mortality and reduced quality of life. To minimize these effects, strategic solutions are needed, such as strengthening emission regulations, promoting eco-friendly transportation, using air purifiers, developing green open spaces, and providing public education. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between the government, society, and the private sector in creating clean air and a sustainably healthy environment.