This study aims to systematically review the influence of digital marketing and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on consumer purchase intention. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, five peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2022 and 2023 were analyzed, focusing on digital consumer behavior in the context of social media platforms such as TikTok and Instagram, as well as e-commerce. The review identifies that digital marketing strategies—particularly content marketing and social media engagement—positively affect purchase intention, especially when mediated by consumer trust and brand awareness. Similarly, E-WOM, delivered through influencers, customer reviews, and celebrity endorsements, is found to significantly shape brand image and influence purchase decisions. The findings also highlight that the effectiveness of digital marketing and E-WOM varies depending on platform type, message form, and product category. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of consumer response patterns in digital environments and offers practical implications for marketers to optimize engagement strategies. Recommendations for future research are also presented to address the current limitations and explore emerging trends in digital consumer behavior.
 

The swift advancement of digital technology and marketing has been profoundly altered by social media strategies, especially in relation to engaging the digital native generation. swift advancement of digital technology and Marketing has been profoundly altered by social media strategies, especially in relation to engaging the digital native generation Marketing has been profoundly altered by social media strategies, especially in relation to engaging the digital native generation. Marketing practices, particularly renf on marketing on customer engagement across Instagram and TikTok, are just two of the social media platforms involved. The findings consistently demonstrate that, through the use of strategic, relevant, and attractive content, content marketing positively affects customer engagement, with measured contributions ranging from 42.5% to 78.4%. The reviewed studies employed various quantitative methods, including surveys, simple linear regression, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The studies cover a range of industries, including food and beverage, beauty, e-commerce, and education. This shows that customer engagement is driven not only by the quantity of content as the determining factor but also by its quality, interactivity, and emotional resonance. This review emphasises the vital role of content marketing in cultivating stronger customer relationships, brand loyalty, and, consequently, business growth within the digital landscape.

This study is intended to examine the marketing strategies implemented by horticultural farmers in Serang City by utilizing the Facebook platform, and to find out whether the number of posts and comments can affect sales volume. This study applies a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis techniques. Data was collected by purposive sampling method through interviews, questionnaires and observations by horticultural farmers in the Facebook community “Petani Serang Banten”, with the number of samples used as many as 9 horticultural farmers. The results of this study show that there is an influence between the independent variables (number of posts and number of comments) on the dependent variable (the level of sales of horticultural commodities). In this study, horticultural farmers are advised to be able to utilize Facebook social media in marketing their agricultural products.

Elementary school-aged children have unique characteristics, such as enjoying play, movement, group activities, and hands-on learning. Most students at this age prefer practical activities over theoretical instruction. Therefore, primary education aims to support and develop children's growth in accordance with their developmental tasks. Elementary school teachers play a crucial role in integrating these developmental needs into the learning process. The implementation of education at the elementary level must align with national regulations and policies, including standards for management, assessment, facilities, final examinations (UASBN), and teacher qualifications. Learning evaluation is a critical component in ensuring educational quality. However, in practice, teachers often face challenges such as limited time and a lack of understanding in assessing affective and psychomotor domains. As a result, solutions such as teacher training and more effective classroom management are necessary. This study aims to identify the challenges and proposed solutions related to the implementation of learning evaluations in elementary schools based on interviews with educational practitioners.
 

Konsep nafs dalam Al-Qur’an memiliki peran signifikan dalam memahami struktur kejiwaan dan spiritualitas manusia. Dalam psikologi Islam, nafs sering dikaitkan dengan dinamika batiniah yang memengaruhi perilaku dan pembentukan karakter seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji makna nafs dalam Al-Qur’an melalui pendekatan semantik dan mengaitkannya dengan dimensi psikologis serta spiritual dalam proses pembentukan karakter. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Analisis semantik dilakukan terhadap ayat-ayat yang mengandung kata nafs, kemudian diklasifikasikan berdasarkan konteks linguistik dan teologisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna nafs dalam Al-Qur’an dapat dikategorikan ke dalam beberapa dimensi, seperti nafs ammarah (jiwa yang memerintah pada kejahatan), nafs lawwamah (jiwa yang mencela), dan nafs mutma’innah (jiwa yang tenang). Ketiga dimensi ini mencerminkan perjalanan spiritual dan psikologis manusia menuju penyempurnaan diri. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan tafsir tematik Al-Qur’an, serta memperkaya khazanah psikologi Islam dalam kerangka pembentukan karakter yang holistik dan transendental.

Language is closely related to social and cultural aspects, including in the process of learning foreign languages such as Mandarin. Effective Chinese language learning does not only focus on linguistic aspects, but also requires an understanding of the culture of origin of the language. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of culture-based learning in increasing motivation to learn Chinese. The method used is literature study or library research, with documentation technique as data collection method and content analysis technique as data analysis method. Based on the analysis of twelve research articles, it was found that the integration of cultural elements such as traditional games, visual media, and Chinese pop culture can create a learning experience that is fun, interesting, and encourages students' curiosity towards Chinese. In conclusion, culture-based learning is proven to have a positive influence on motivation to learn Chinese and can be used as an alternative teaching strategy that is more contextual and fun.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies, operational mechanisms, and key challenges faced by the Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) BONA MANDIRI JAYA. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis as data collection methods. The results show that the cooperative adopts a direct marketing strategy targeting underserved and remote areas, combined with a personalized approach in monitoring its clients. Despite its growth, the cooperative encounters several challenges, including limited capital, low member financial literacy, non-performing loans, and the need to adapt to digital transformation. To overcome these obstacles, the cooperative implements credit restructuring policies and intensive field monitoring. The study recommends strengthening institutional capacity and adopting digital systems to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of cooperative operations.

This paper discusses the impact of the Sudanese refugee crisis on security stability in the Chad border region. The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces since April 2023 has triggered a massive wave of refugees, making Chad one of the main recipient countries. Using a regional security complex theory approach, this paper shows that the flow of refugees not only creates social and economic pressures, but also magnifies security risks such as infiltration of armed groups, tensions between communities, and weak control in the border region. Through document analysis, the paper highlights how Chad's capacity constraints exacerbate the situation, as well as the need for a long-term response involving cross-actor coordination and sustained international support.

This paper explores how climate change has contributed to the armed conflict in Darfur, Sudan, by emphasizing the human security perspective. Prolonged drought, desertification, and resource scarcity have intensified tensions between farming and pastoralist communities. Using a case study method and the Human Security framework, this study finds that ecological stress acts as a threat multiplier in conflict-prone areas. Data from IPCC, SIPRI, and UNHCR reports highlight how environmental degradation worsens structural vulnerabilities and fuels horizontal violence. The analysis shows that climate change is not only an environmental issue but also a serious security concern in fragile states. The failure of state institutions to equitably manage natural resources exacerbates the crisis. Therefore, a long-term, multi-sectoral policy response is urgently needed. Integrating climate resilience into international security strategies is essential to protect basic human rights.

Economic development in today's world has grown rapidly, leading to numerous changes in human life. By investing in the capital market, it becomes one of the alternatives for financing the community's economy and is easily accessible to the public. One of them is to invest in bond securities in issuer companies. However, by purchasing bonds in the capital market with the issuer company, in addition to providing benefits through interest rates, there are risks, including if the issuer company goes bankrupt. Under these conditions, the holder of the unsecured bond will be positioned as a concurrent creditor, whose repayment is made after the separatist and preferred creditor. Although not guaranteed collateral, bondholders still obtain legal guarantees of their rights through information disclosure, the role of trustees, and arrangements within the applicable legal framework.