The aim of this research is to describe the causes of the abnormal behavior experienced by the gym characters in the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari. This research uses Coleman's theory about four causes of abnormal behavior. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection uses reading techniques and note-taking techniques, as well as including theories from several books and data found, then described and analyzed. The results obtained in this research, the character in the novel Pasung Jiwa, namely Sasana, has causes that make him have abnormal behavior, including primary causes, predisposing causes, triggering causes and strengthening causes.

The history of the linguistic family reveals that a significant portion of the Arabic language has been in use since ancient times in daily life. The absorption of words from Arabic into Indonesian occurs significantly, with 2,336 Arabic vocabularies becoming an integral part of the Indonesian language. This process is triggered by the arrival of Middle Eastern traders in the 7th to 8th centuries AD and the spread of Islam in the 11th and 12th centuries AD in the Nusantara region (Hadi, 1995). The age of the Arabic language in Nusantara has surpassed 12 centuries, indicating an enduring influence over the centuries. Although Indonesian absorbs many words from Arabic, there are also homonyms, where similar words have different meanings (Chaer, 2003, p. 302). This research indicates that a profound understanding of the history of the Arabic language in Nusantara is crucial, not only to depict linguistic evolution but also to delineate the complexity of meanings and structural differences between the two languages.
 
 

It seems that the world of communication today cannot be separated from technology. The use of communication technology makes it increasingly sophisticated. Every year, even every month, gadget companies always innovate their products with the aim of attracting consumer buying interest. Brand awareness and market share are closely related in the world of marketing. This study aims to identify and analyze the impact of brand image and market share competition on consumer purchasing interest in Indonesia. Data collection uses a quantitative approach using an associative explanatory survey method with data collection techniques used namely questionnaires, observation and interviews. The number of samples used in this research was 99 respondents. The results of the research study are that the use of brand image in Apple products has a strong level of influence on consumer behavior.

This research was created to discuss further how educators provide appropriate stimuli so that the learning process of elementary school students can run more effectively according to behavioristic learning theory. This article aims to find out and explain behavioristic learning theory, its characteristics and application in learning, especially for elementary school students. This article uses literature studies to search for and find answers to problems through data from library reviews from various sources and media, both books and e-journals. The results show that behavioristic theory plays a very important role in the learning process in which it is applied, educators are required to design learning and provide appropriate stimuli which will then be responded to actively by students in the learning process in order to realize effective, structured learning and establish interaction and discussion of information.

The purpose of this study is to describe the ego defense mechanism in the character Cakrawala in the novel Not Me by Caaay using the study of Sigmund Freud. This research method uses qualitative research methods. The data collection technique used in this study is a literature study. The method used uses the approach of Literary Psychology. The findings obtained show that the Cakrawala character has an ego defense mechanism in the form of repression, denial, reaction formation, rationalization and fantasy and streotype.

Social media (social media) has now become a part of the life of Indonesian people who are very phenomenal. Various kinds of advantages and conveniences are offered to interact with everyone both in terms of business even from various circles. Not only that, with the development of internet use and communication technology devices such as smartphones that are increasingly advanced, it has become one of the drivers of the growth of new networking sites that offer friends and information online. Social media has also become the backbone as a means of communication in this digital century. This study aims to determine students' perceptions about the extent of the use of social media in helping them learn English. English that is expected to be understood and learned is English in hospitality and also in advertising language. English that is expected to be understood and learned is English in hospitality and also in advertising language. This research is important to find out how students perceive the effectiveness of using social media to support their learning and understanding and creativity in the field of English for Hospitality and in compiling advertising language. A total of 50 students from the English Literature study program of Udayana University will be used as data sources in conducting this research. This research will use qualitative methods with a case study design. The use of questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews will be carried out in collecting data. In analyzing the data will use a basic statistical model of the results of questionnaires on students. Meanwhile, the results of the interview data will be analyzed with the Flow model from Miles and Huberman.

Semen Z is one of the largest cement supplier companies in Indonesia and will continue to increase every year. The development of the cement industry is in line with the continued development of infrastructure projects, both private and Indonesian government. PT. Semen Z has good integration from raw material providers to cement that is ready to be used by every project that requires it. Development of PT. Cement Z will occur in the quantity of raw materials, human resources, and production processes, up to distribution to consumers. The activities carried out are land clearing/stripping, blasting, excavation and loading, as well as transportation and destruction. Raw materials sourced from this mining process include limestone, silica stone and clay. In this study mining was only carried out on limestone and clay was obtained from suppliers. The units used in the inventory data are limestone and clay raw materials (tons), ammonium nitrate chemicals (tons), diesel fuel (liters), electricity (kWh), emissions (tons), B3 waste (tons), non-B3 waste (tons) and products (tons). Every activity process carried out will have an impact on the environment, so the Company's commitment to a green industry or clean industry is required. To determine the environmental impact analysis on cement production activities, the Company conducted an environmental impact analysis using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The aim of this research is to identify improvements in environmental performance, especially those that are hotspots in the Company's production process. The research results show that the highest identification of environmental impacts is obtained from activities at the Limestone mine, in accordance with the Pareto rules approach where if the contributors are more than 80% of the food it will affect the results of the impact analysis obtained.

Currently, digital technology needs to be considered in Oil and Gas (Oil and Gas) companies. The Indonesian government revealed that the digital economy is a national economic recovery. Therefore, all business sectors, including the oil and gas sector, need to pay attention to the important role of technology in stimulating business. Quoted from Bisnis.com, Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Airlangga Hartarto said that the oil and gas industry contributes investment of US$ 10 billion per year. This paper discusses the impact of technological innovation in the oil and gas industry on productivity and economic welfare. The literature review will outline recent developments in oil and gas technology. The data and methodology used cover a specific time period to understand the relationship between technological innovation and economic development. The results of this analysis provide an in-depth understanding of the contribution of technological innovation to economic growth and societal well-being, providing valuable insights for future policy making

Global product policy facing challenges in the digitalization era is a new challenge for manufacturers who market their products internationally and this is a challenge that must be handled by means of marketing research, digital marketing through social media and also making their own applications, and also using Global store as a public puller for these products. The research used a descriptive qualitative research methodology with literature study techniques which sourced from readings such as journals, news sources, books and also facts on the ground which were clearly explained and led to a result which was then concluded as a research result. The results of this study conclude that only companies that are going to market their products or so far after marketing their products to international shores must follow the development of basic marketing digitalization as well as manufacturers who have never marketed their products abroad and also use international or global figures as brands. and attractiveness for consumers who will buy the product.

A scientific paper that reviews the literature on the role of group counseling on young people's peer conformity attempts to develop a novel intervariable influence study hypothesis that will be used to future psychology counseling studies. This literature review was written using a library research approach, using internet resources from academic websites like Mendeley, Google Scholar, and others consulted. The article literature review has found a number of group counseling techniques for reducing the conformity of peer therapy ata young age, among them are custom-emotive behavior therapy, self instruction techniques, assertive training techniques, homeroom techniques, and self management techniques.