This study examines the effectiveness of AI-based chatbots in enhancing customer engagement across various industries. Against the backdrop of increasing digital transformation, the research explores how chatbots influence key metrics such as response time, customer satisfaction, and conversion rates, while identifying implementation challenges and success factors. Through a systematic analysis of recent case studies and empirical data, the study reveals that well-designed chatbots can improve customer satisfaction by 18 percentage points and reduce response times by 99.6%, though limitations persist in handling complex queries and ensuring data privacy. The findings highlight the importance of anthropomorphic design, omnichannel integration, and balanced human-AI collaboration in optimizing chatbot performance. Practical implications suggest that businesses should prioritize transparent data policies, continuous model training, and user-centric conversation flows to maximize engagement. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on AI-driven customer service by synthesizing actionable insights from diverse sectors, including retail, banking, and healthcare.

This study aimed to analyze the value of consumers’ willingness to pay for the Instant Wedang Uwuh product produced by CV Dewi Makmur. The product was an innovative traditional herbal drink presented in an instant form, making it more practical to serve. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data obtained through direct observation and the distribution of questionnaires to prospective consumers. The method used to determine the willingness to pay value was the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), an economic valuation approach based on consumers’ perceptions of the product, using an open-ended question technique. To analyze the influencing factors and test hypotheses, logistic regression was applied with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. The results showed that consumers’ willingness to pay for the Instant Wedang Uwuh product reached IDR 25,190 per product or per box containing 5 sachets, each weighing 25 grams. This value was 26% higher than the previously offered selling price of around IDR 20,000. The factor found to have a significant influence on willingness to pay was the product quality variable, indicating the potential for increasing the market selling price while maintaining product quality.

This study aims to analyze the figurative language in the novel Hujan by Tere Liye using a stylistic approach and to evaluate its relevance as teaching material for Indonesian language education. The main focus is on comparative figurative language such as personification, metaphor, simile, and hyperbole found in the novel. The research method applied is qualitative descriptive, with data collection through reading, noting, and classifying stylistic elements. The results show that these figurative languages play an important role in enriching the aesthetic value of the work, developing character portrayal, creating atmosphere, and effectively delivering moral messages. Moreover, the use of these stylistic features can help students improve their literary appreciation and language skills more deeply. Therefore, the novel Hujan is suitable as instructional material to enhance students’ interest and understanding of literary works

This article explores the optimization of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategies through a scientific approach as an effort to improve integrative, reflective, and contextual learning quality. The scientific approach comprising five main steps: observing, questioning, reasoning, experimenting, and communicating plays a significant role in shaping students who not only cognitively understand Islamic teachings but also internalize spiritual values through critical and scientific thinking processes. This study employs a library research method by reviewing academic literature and relevant previous studies. The findings reveal that the scientific approach is effective in enhancing the quality of Islamic education, although its implementation faces several challenges, such as limited pedagogical competence among teachers, insufficient learning facilities, and resistance to critical thinking in religious education. Therefore, comprehensive optimization strategies including teacher capacity development, the design of scientific-based learning tools, technological integration, and the creation of a school culture that supports active and reflective learning are urgently needed. This article emphasizes that the scientific approach does not secularize religious learning but rather serves as a means to integrate faith and reason in shaping rational, religious, and adaptive Muslim generations.

A field of linguistics called phonology investigates the sound system of language, especially how sounds function to distinguish the meaning of words. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of the phoneme analysis of Indonesian. As the smallest units of sound, phonemes play an important role in distinguishing the meaning of words. The study of phonology includes the perception and production of sounds, their role in distinguishing meaning, and how sounds are used to create words and sentences. Phonology also investigates sound transformations such as assimilation, dissimilation, metathesis, and elision, which have an impact on the sound structure of language. Suprasegmental elements such as intonation, stress, and pauses are also discussed because they contribute to a clearer understanding of speech. In order to learn correct pronunciation and understand how sounds change as language develops, an understanding of phonology is essential.

Gender socialization in the family environment plays an important role in the formation of children's gender identity from an early age. Parents as the main agents of socialization play a significant role through daily interactions, providing examples, and parenting patterns that shape children's understanding of gender roles. This study aims to determine the importance of parents' reflective awareness in supporting a more inclusive and equitable understanding of gender. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to examine how parents in Medan City introduce gender values ??and norms in daily activities. The findings show that the gender socialization process is still influenced by traditional values ??and fairly rigid gender stereotypes. The division of roles based on gender applied by parents often gives rise to the perception that gender roles are fixed and cannot be changed.

COPD is a condition characterized by airflow obstruction that cannot be completely corrected. This limitation generally worsens over time and is associated with abnormal permeability to noxious particles or gases, resulting in narrowing of the airways, increased mucus secretion, and changes in the vascular system. The increase in chest expansion capacity is caused by the activity of respiratory muscle contraction. The activity of the respiratory muscles plays a role in chest expansion, which also affects lung growth. It is stated that the strength of the respiratory muscles decreases with age. Loss of intercostal muscle mass and strength are factors that reduce the ability of chest wall presence or development. This study used a case report design research method. Physiotherapy management for COPD is increasingly focused on exercise-based rehabilitation, both in outpatient and inpatient settings. Some therapies such as breathing exercises, thoracic expansion exercises and muscle release.

This article provides a comprehensive review of drug stability testing, specifically focusing on tablet dosage forms. It elucidates the fundamental principles, the critical role of ICH Q1 guidelines, and essential parameters evaluated during stability studies, including physical, chemical, and microbiological aspects. The discussion covers various types of stability studies, standardized storage conditions, and the interpretation of results for determining shelf life and ensuring product quality. Relevant case studies on tablet stability are also integrated to illustrate practical applications. This review aims to provide a structured overview of stability testing methodologies and their significance in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance.

The key to long-term marketing success, which is the dream of all marketers, is creating strong and close relationships with consumers. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of digital marketing and product quality on consumer loyalty. Through the questionnaire method with samples using the Slovin formula, there were 60 respondents. Meanwhile, the population used in this research is all Vicycake consumers from January to June 2023. Hypothesis testing via the t test (Partial Test) shows that digital marketing and the quality of the products studied are proven to significantly influence consumer loyalty. the results shown from the t test (Partial Test) digital marketing variable have a t-count greater than the t-table, this can be interpreted that HO is rejected and H1 is accepted and the product quality variable has a t-count greater than the t-table, this can be means that HO is rejected and H2 is accepted.

Aromatherapy candles made from used cooking oil represent an eco-friendly and economically valuable entrepreneurial innovation. This proposal presents the utilization of used frying oil as a base material in producing aromatherapy candles, aiming to support the circular economy concept and provide an alternative solution to environmental pollution. The product formulation combines paraffin, beeswax, and natural essential oils, offering relaxation and comfort while also opening up new business opportunities. SWOT analysis and marketing strategies based on the 4Ps (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) serve as the foundation for business development. The results of the study show that aromatherapy candle businesses have strong potential to attract consumer interest, especially among young people, and can deliver significant social, economic, and environmental impact.