Psychological assessment has an important role in supporting guidance and counseling services. Through assessment, counselors can understand the potential, needs, and problems of students objectively. This article aims to examine how assessments help counselors understand counselees and describe assessment techniques commonly used in schools. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various journals and scientific sources. The results show that assessment serves as a diagnosis, prediction, monitoring, and evaluation tool in counseling. Non-test techniques such as interviews, observations, and questionnaires are used more often because they do not require special licenses. Meanwhile, test techniques such as achievement, interest, and aptitude tests are used in a limited context. The selection of appropriate assessment techniques and their ethical and professional implementation will help counselors develop appropriate interventions. Therefore, improving counselors' competence in conducting assessments is necessary.

This study examines the dilemma of rice import policy in Indonesia within the context of international trade and food security challenges. Rice, as a strategic commodity, holds significant social, economic, and political value, making import policies highly influential on price stability, farmers’ welfare, and national food security. The research identifies that import policies are often misaligned with domestic needs due to weak inter-institutional coordination, data inaccuracies, and pressures from political and business interests. As a result, import policies frequently create imbalances between the interests of consumers, traders, and local farmers, while also reducing the competitiveness of domestic rice due to inefficiencies in the distribution chain and post-harvest infrastructure. This study emphasizes the importance of data-based, transparent, and farmer-protective governance of rice import policies to strengthen national food security amid global trade liberalization pressures. hain, trade liberalization.

This study examines the effectiveness of using the local legend “The Origins of Kudus City” as a learning medium to improve reading skills in elementary school students. This legend was chosen for its three unique features: first, it contains the historical narrative of Sunan Kudus, rich in Islamic-Javanese acculturation values; second, it has strong geographical relevance to students’ daily lives in Kudus; third, it presents potential for character visualization and cultural settings that are engaging for early-age readers. The study aims to analyze the influence of local legends on students’ reading development. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted by analyzing seven relevant articles sourced from academic databases such as Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria focused on reading skills, elementary school students, learning media, and the legend of Kudus City. The results indicate that illustrated storybooks based on local legends can significantly enhance reading comprehension, increase student motivation, and encourage active classroom participation. Additionally, this learning media enables the integration of local cultural values into the educational process, making learning more contextual and meaningful. Thus, illustrated storybooks based on the legend of “The Origins of Kudus City” are proven effective as an innovative learning tool that not only strengthens reading skills but also preserves local wisdom in elementary education.

This study aims to examine the influence of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) specifically its quality, quantity, and credibility on purchase intention, with brand awareness as a mediating variable for Mixue products in Jember Regency. The research employed a quantitative explanatory method using purposive sampling involving 160 respondents. The findings indicate that e-WOM quality, quantity, and credibility significantly influence purchase intention. However, only e-WOM credibility has a significant impact on brand awareness and is proven to mediate the relationship between e-WOM credibility and purchase intention. In contrast, e-WOM quality and quantity do not significantly affect brand awareness, and thus brand awareness does not mediate their relationship with purchase intention. These findings highlight the importance of information credibility in building brand awareness and enhancing consumers' purchase intention.

This study aims to analyze the influence of macroeconomic conditions, capital, and good corporate governance on earnings, financial risk, and yield to maturity bond, with bond rating acting as a moderating variable. The research focuses on banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). A Quantitative approach with a secondary data from Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and Indonesian Bond Market Directory (IDMB) Purposive sampling method was applied, resulting in 102 active banking bond samples listed on the IDX during the 2020–2023 period. The hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Out of 14 proposed hypotheses, 4 were supported with statistically significant results, while the remaining 10 were not. The results show that capital has a significant effect on financial risk, while earnings significantly influence both financial risk and bond yield to maturity. Overall, this study shows that internal factors like earnings and capital have a stronger impact on a company’s risk perception and debt cost than implementation good corporate governance and macroeconomic conditions. It also highlights the important role of bond ratings in reflecting a company’s reputation and credit quality in the banking bond market.

This research aims to determine the influence of the implementation of regional government information systems, human resource competence, organizational commitment, and internal control on the quality of financial reports. The study employs a quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents, and data were processed using SPSS version 27. The findings reveal that human resource competence and organizational commitment have a significant positive effect on the quality of financial reports. In contrast, the implementation of regional government information systems and internal control do not show a significant effect. These results indicate that improving the quality of financial reports in regional governments is more dependent on the quality of human resources and the level of organizational commitment rather than the sole reliance on information systems or internal control mechanisms. The study provides insights for policymakers to prioritize competence development and foster a culture of organizational accountability to enhance financial reporting outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the effect of investment decisions, capital structure, company size on profitability and Sustainable Growth, with profitability as a mediating variable and Financial Flexibility as a moderating variable. Data is obtained from secondary sources, namely audited financial reports from heavy construction and civil engineering subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2023 period. The analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that investment decisions, capital structure, and company size have a significant effect on profitability. However, only company size has a significant effect on Sustainable Growth. Investment decisions and capital structure have no significant effect on Sustainable Growth. Profitability also has an insignificant effect on Sustainable Growth and does not mediate the relationship between variables. In addition, financial flexibility does not moderate the relationship between profitability and sustainable growth. This finding indicates that increased profitability is more influenced by investment strategy, capital structure, and firm scale, but does not necessarily translate directly into Sustainable Growth.

Psychological assessment is an important part of the guidance anc counseling process, because it provides a comprehensive picture of the condition, potencial, and needs of the client. However, behind the assessment process that apperars scientific and systematic, there is an ethical responsibility that cannot be ignored andforgotten in it’s handling, especially in maintaining the confidentiality of information and the client’s identity and ensuring that the assessment is fair and objective. In this discussion, there are two crucisl issues that are often overlooked by counselors in a daily basis, namely how to maintain the client’s trust through the protection of assessment information data, and how to avoid bias or judgment influenced by subjective factors. Through a literature study, this discussion is expected to be able to emphasizw the importance of emplementing basic principles of professsional ethics, such as informed consent, transparency of the assessment process, and restrictions on access to result that can only be approved bt authorized parties. On the other hand, this discussion also raises the challenges faced by counselors, and there are several solution approaches offered to help counselor perfomance. With a more humane approach, this discussion invites counselors not only to become reliable users of test tools, but also guardians of humanitarian values in every assessment process carried out.

This study aims to comprehensively examine ethics in psychological assessment withim the field of guidance and counselling. Ethics in psyshological evaluation serve as a fundamental basis to ensure services are professional, respectful and compliant with prevailing legal standards. Ethical principles such as confidentiality, objectivity, fairness, and competence are essential foundations that help clients feel comfortable and conflident in expressing their problems. Counsellor and psychologists are required to maintain the confidentiality of assessment results and avoid conflicts of interest in their duties. However, the implementation of ethical codes in psyschologis assessment still faces various challenges, including lack of understanding, limited training, and knowledge about ethics is crucial so that counsellors and psyshologists can provide superior and high-integrity psyshological assessment services. Ethics in psychological assessment not only serve to protect clients’ rights but also uphold the profession’s reputation and improve the overall quality of guidance and counselig services.

The purpose of this study is to examine how deep learning influences students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. In mastering mathematics—which requires reasoning, analysis, and systematic review—critical thinking is essential to address the challenges of the 21st century. This research employs a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group model. The subjects of the study were eighth-grade junior high school students, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The main instruments used were a mathematical critical thinking skills test and a learning activity observation sheet. The findings indicate that students who participated in instruction based on a deep learning approach showed a significant improvement in critical thinking skills compared to those who received conventional instruction. Unlike students who underwent standard learning methods, those exposed to deep learning strategies experienced a notable enhancement in their critical thinking abilities. Based on these findings, the implementation of deep learning is recommended more broadly in mathematics classroom instruction.