Social science is a multidisciplinary field that studies human behavior, social structures, and changes in society. It encompasses disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics, each contributing to a deeper understanding of how individuals and societies interact. In the modern era, as the world faces rapid changes in political, economic, and cultural landscapes, social science has become increasingly vital for addressing complex global challenges. The field explores the dynamics of power, inequality, and social conflict, offering insights into ways to mitigate issues such as poverty, injustice, and discrimination. Social science research, using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, helps in analyzing current phenomena and providing evidence-based policy recommendations. These insights are crucial for shaping effective solutions that promote social well-being at local, national, and global levels. As global issues like migration, climate change, and international conflict continue to affect societies, social science provides the tools necessary to understand and navigate these challenges. This paper discusses the scope of social science, its key disciplines, and the importance of its application in real-world problems, highlighting the need for continuous research and adaptation in response to changing societal needs.

This study aims to analyze the Influence of Principal's Visionary Leadership, Teacher Commitment, and School Culture on the Work Productivity of State Junior High School Teachers. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a correlational survey design. The research sample consisted of randomly selected State Junior High School teachers in Kayuagung City District with a total of 151 respondents. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the analysis showed that the visionary leadership of the principal had a positive and significant influence on the teacher's work productivity with a correlation value of 0.243 with a relationship percentage of 24.3% or close to 25%, while 75% was determined by other factors not mentioned in this study. In addition, teacher commitment and school culture have also been proven to significantly contribute to increasing work productivity. These findings underscore the importance of the role of school principals as visionary leaders in creating a supportive work environment, increasing teachers' professional commitment, and building a positive school culture to achieve optimal work outcomes. The implications of this study provide recommendations for education policy makers to strengthen the leadership capacity of school principals and build a conducive school culture.

The results of this study concluded that the implementation of the learning process at Pondok Pesantren Al Hamziyah Karangmenggah Wonorejo Pasuruan tends to experience positive development and has obtained good results in efforts to develop students' creativity. The indicators can be seen in: (1) the increasing number of students registering as prospective new students, (2) increasing the passing grade of the lowest test scores received as new students, (3) increasing the average score obtained by class III students, (4) increasing growth and the development of educational facilities, (5) increasing the acquisition of championship achievements in the extracurricular field, (6) increasing the quality of graduates who continue to higher education, although the number received is not comparable to the participants who register. From the perspective of empowerment, the results of this study have implications for the development of the learning process broadly, namely the emergence of shared awareness among education managers and teachers that the learning process is not only to transfer knowledge, but also to develop all the potential of students, including the creative potential of students.

It is about the importance of leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing religious culture at the MA Nurul Huda al. This leadership aims to develop the existing of religious culture in the madrasah environment.The objectives of this study are 1) Describing the leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing religious culture 2) Describing the supporting and inhibiting factors of the headmaster's leadership in developing a religious culture 3) Describing the results of the development of religious culture through the leadership of the head of madrasah.This study is a field research, which is conducted directly with the object of research and the data collection is carried out in the field. With this descriptive qualitative research, the researcher tries to reveal the implementation of the leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing a religious culture in MA Nurul Huda al-Banat Situbondo. The result of this study is the leadership of the madrasah headmaster in developing religious culture in madrasah is to carry out the leadership role of the headmaster, namely as an educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, leader, innovator, and motivator. The supporting factors are the existence of facilities and infrastructure that support religious activities and the existence of teachers who have deep religious knowledge. The inhibiting factor is that the environment still considers madrasah to be less prestigious than public schools in general, a lack of understanding of the development of religious culture, the lack of role models given by teachers, the influence of technological culture, and the absence of training given by the head of madrasah to teachers in the implementation of religious culture.

This paper explains the comparison of manual port service system to the Online Harbor Master system. The method used in this study is field research. The author conducted direct observations and interviews with the company and library research where the author obtained material or paper materials from books in the library or other reading sources related to the topic taken. The Online Harbor Master System is an open and neutral electronic portal to facilitate the exchange of data and information on port services quickly, safely, neutrally and easily which combines with related government agencies, port business entities and logistics industry players to improve better port competitiveness globally. The purpose of this study is to determine the comparison of manual port service to the Online Harbor Master System. The comparison between the manual system and the Online Harbor Master System is that manual work takes a lot of time and money. All activities must be done directly or face to face to the Harbor Master. Factors that influence are the amount of time and costs incurred, for example, applications are still manual, the queue for applications still comes to the Harbor Master or face to face, still uses a lot of paper, and all applications are not in one system. In the service process using the Online Harbor Master System, the effect felt is more efficient and makes it easier for agents to enter data on ships that want to enter the port.

This study analyzes the effect of Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity, and Profit on investment decisions in hospitality industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019-2023 period. By using purposive sampling method, this study involved 21 companies as samples, resulting in 105 observation data. Investment decision as the dependent variable is measured using Capital Expenditure (CapEx), while Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity, and profit as independent variables are calculated based on financial statement data. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the relationship between variables. The results showed that Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity, and Profit have a significant effect on investment decisions in the hospitality industry.

The importance of the leadership of the madrasa head in developing a religious culture in Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Huda al-Banat Situbondo. This leadership aims to develop the religious culture that exists in the madrasa environment.The aims of this study are 1) to describe the management of student character education in fostering religious moderation. 2) to describe the implementation of the attitude of religious moderation. The type of research used is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this qualitative research has four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and suggestions. Meanwhile, in looking for the validity or validity of the data using data triangulation techniques. The results of this study are the management of student character education in fostering religious moderation is carried out by 1) through intracurricular activities 2) through co-curricular activities 3) through extracurricular activities. While the implementation of character values in fostering religious moderation is with the teacher being a good role model and role model in terms of tolerance, honesty, cooperation, responsibility and unity.

Food security and community economic empowerment are major challenges in many rural areas, including Sukolilo Village. This research aims to develop and analyze the effectiveness of an aquaponic system, a combination of hydroponics and fish farming, as an innovative sustainable solution. The methods used include observation, experimentation, and interviews with the local community. The results showed that the aquaponic system is able to increase agricultural productivity with better water use efficiency and provide economic benefits through crop diversification, namely vegetables and fish. In addition, the system is proven to be environmentally friendly as it utilizes organic waste from fish as plant nutrients, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, and optimizes local resources. The implementation of the aquaponic system in Sukolilo Village not only improves food security but also opens up new business opportunities for the community, thus contributing to the improvement of local economic welfare. It is hoped that this model can be replicated in other areas as part of a sustainable agriculture-based economic development strategy.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition caused by structural or functional abnormalities characterized by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). One of the treatments for CKD patients is hemodialysis (HD). Sleep disorders are among the complications of hemodialysis. Administering lavender aromatherapy is a method to improve the sleep quality of patients. This study uses a literature review method. Articles were searched on ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar using advanced search with the keywords "Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis, Lavender Aromatherapy," resulting in 10 relevant articles to compile this review. The results showed that lavender aromatherapy was effective in addressing complications such as poor sleep quality, fatigue, pain, and anxiety in hemodialysis patients. In conclusion, lavender aromatherapy has been proven effective in improving the sleep quality of HD patients.

This study explores the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically Linear Regression and Decision Tree Regressor, for predicting student academic performance using academic grade data from Kaggle. The analyzed factors include attendance, assignment grades, midterm exam grades, and final exam grades. The research methodology encompasses data collection, preprocessing, model development, training, and validation. This study contributes to the field of educational data analytics by demonstrating how machine learning can provide actionable insights into students' learning patterns and academic outcomes. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of Linear Regression for linearly distributed data and Decision Tree Regressor for capturing complex, non-linear relationships. The implications of this research suggest that machine learning models can assist educators in identifying key factors influencing student performance, enabling targeted interventions to enhance learning outcomes. Future research should explore larger, more diverse datasets and incorporate ensemble methods, such as Random Forest or Gradient Boosting, to improve model generalization and prediction accuracy. Additionally, integrating socio-economic and psychological factors could provide a more holistic perspective on academic achievement.