Background:
Mate selection preferences is an evaluation process that aims to find a partner who is considered potential for someone. This study was inspired by Buss and Barnes' study regarding mate selection preferences, as well as Hinkin, Tracey, and Enz's study regarding the seven stages of scale development and analysis; to investigate Indonesians’ mate selection preferences.
Research objectives:
This study was considered as a replication research for Indonesia context to verify the prior results’ consistency and accuracy of research on mate selection preferences inspired by Buss and Barnes as well as to develop an instrument of mate selection preferences for Indonesians.
Research methods:
This study used three stages --out of seven stages-- of scale development and analysis by Hinkin, Tracey, and Enz as an early investigation. The first stage is item generation using a qualitative approach with a total of 47 participants aged over 17 years were divided into four focus groups as data collection method and thematic analysis as its analysis method. The second stage is content adequacy assessment using quantitative approach with eleven experts to assess generated items from the first stage. The eleven experts consisted of measurement experts, psychometricians, psychologists, developmental and family psychology lecturers or scientists. The third stage is questionnaire administration for determining the scale for items and an adequate sample size. The questionnaires using rank order scale were distributed online for 423 respondents.
 Research findings:
The finding of the first stage was 33 themes of mate selection preferences, including same religion, ethnicity consideration, family blessing, attractive physical appearance, mentally and physically healthy, as item generation. The result from the second stage was the validation from experts, resulted in 22 characteristics with a validation range of 0.345 – 0.831 and a good category of reliability of 0.898. The result from the third stage was the order of preference for choosing a partner, was obtained by placing the characteristic of same religion as the first order.
Research conclusions:
The results of the first three stages in this research can be used as a starting point to understand how Indonesians select partners who are influenced by characteristics of same religion, cultural or ethnicity considerations, and family blessing. The same religion was ranked first in the order of mate selection preferences. This study then should be continued to the next four stages of instrument development in order to create a final scale of Indonesians’ mate selection preferences.
Research novelty:
The unveiling of Indonesians mate selection preferences as an early investigation introduces the “richness” and the wisdom of Indonesian cultures in marriage as well as appreciation and understanding of how marriages in Indonesia are bound by religions, cultures or ethnicity, and family values. It also informs the complexity of how to find an ideal partner. However, this study is practically can be used to non-formally educate Indonesian people as well as foreigners to understand how Indonesians select partners.

Problem behavior in adolescents (12-17 years) has become a serious concern in the social environment. The parenting style applied by parents can play an important role in shaping this behavior. This study investigates the effect of various parenting styles on problem behavior in adolescent children. The research sample consisted of 100 parents in Bandung with children aged 12-17 with problem behavior. The sample was selected through stratified random sampling techniques to ensure good representation. Data was collected through a questionnaire that measures children's parenting styles and problem behavior. Data analysis involved regression analysis and quantitative correlation. The regression analysis showed that each parenting style contributes differently to problematic behavior. Permissive parenting style showed a significant effect (p < 0.001), followed by authoritarian parenting styles (p < 0.001) and authoritative (p = 0.022). However, uninvolved parenting style had the most significant impact (p < 0.001). Quantitative correlation also indicated a strong relationship between permissive and uninvolved parenting styles and problematic behavior (r = 0.677 and r = 0.994). Parenting styles have different influences on problematic behavior in adolescent children. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how each parenting style plays an important role in forming problem behaviors in children. This study makes a new contribution to understanding the relationship between parenting style and problem behavior in adolescent children by highlighting the role of quantitative and statistical analysis in uncovering this relationship.

Background - The implementation of the Independent Curriculum at the elementary school level has become a crucial issue in promoting adaptive, student-centered education.
Research Urgency - Despite its nationwide rollout, the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in faith-based elementary schools remains underexplored, particularly in balancing national standards with religious and contextual values. This study is crucial to uncover how such schools adapt the curriculum in practice, providing insights for more inclusive and responsive education policies.
Research Objectives - This study aims to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of the Independent Curriculum at SDIT Insan Mandiri, South Jakarta, while identifying its effectiveness and the challenges encountered.
Research Method - Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis.
Research Findings - The findings reveal that learning plans are tailored to students' potential and needs through the development of contextual teaching modules, including outdoor learning and the use of various media. Curriculum implementation involves innovative activities such as market days and infak collection, which contribute to students' character development and social competence. Evaluation is conducted through Learning Communities and student self-reflection using color-coded cards as indicators of engagement and understanding.
Research Conclusion - The study concludes that curriculum implementation aligns with differential, constructivist, and competency-based educational principles, despite technical constraints such as inconsistencies between textbooks and learning objectives and limited time for additional mentoring.
Research Novelty/ Contibution - The novelty of this study lies in its participatory evaluation practices based on student self-reflection and collaborative learning communities, which remain underexplored in other elementary-level applications of the Independent Curriculum.

Background: Knowledge is one of the factors that can affect a person's behavior or diet. Therefore, efforts in communication, information, and education (KIE) regarding sports nutrition are needed to support athletes' eating behavior. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Sports Nutrition Quartet Card media in increasing the knowledge of football school athletes. Methods: This type of research is the ADDIE model's research and development (R&D). The implementation of the developed product uses an Experimental Quasy research design with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sample amounted to 44 people, with details of 22 people in the experimental group and 22 in the control group determined by simple random sampling. The data analysis technique uses the t-test followed by the N-Gain test. Results: The study results showed that the assessment of media and material experts was obtained with an average percentage of 79.5% or very feasible. From the field trial results, a percentage score of 81% was obtained or very practical. The t-test results showed a difference in the knowledge of athletes (p<0.05), followed by the N-gain score of 0.44 in the medium category. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Sports Nutrition Quartet Card medium is quite effective in increasing the knowledge of football school athletes.

Background: Transformative learning is a learning process that 'brings' learners closer to reality, presenting critical-reflective knowledge, by positioning the teacher more as a facilitator to guide and encourage that process. Online learning has become a choice for face-to-face learning systems in the Digital Era using Learning Management Systems (LMS) to support learning achievements.
Research Objectives: The ultimate goal to be achieved in this research is the emergence of a new product on the transformative learning model assisted by the LMS "Setara Daring" for learners of Equivalency Education in the city of Bandung, Indonesia
Research Method: This research employs a qualitative approach utilizing the case study method to explore the implementation of transformative learning through the Setara Daring LMS in equivalency education. The qualitative approach is chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of the learning process, interactions, and experiences of learners and educators in a digital learning environment. The case study method enables a comprehensive and context-specific analysis by examining real-world applications of the LMS in non-formal education units in Bandung City. Data collection techniques include observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, ensuring a holistic examination of the learning dynamics. Through this approach, the study aims to capture the nuances of learner engagement, critical thinking development, and the role of facilitators in guiding transformative learning. The qualitative nature of this research allows for an exploratory and interpretive analysis, providing valuable insights into how LMS-supported transformative learning can enhance the critical attitudes and adaptability of learners in non-formal education settings.
 
Research Findings: The findings of this study highlight the crucial role of the Setara Daring Learning Management System (LMS) in fostering a transformative learning experience within the context of equivalency education. The system effectively promotes active learner engagement through structured yet flexible learning pathways, enabling meaningful interactions between students, instructors, and learning materials. Interactive features such as discussion forums, collaborative assignments, and formative assessments further reinforce knowledge construction and participation. Additionally, the LMS facilitates critical reflection by integrating activities that encourage students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information critically, supported by immediate feedback and self-paced learning opportunities. Through guided discussions and problem-solving tasks, learners are empowered to question assumptions, articulate reasoning, and engage in higher-order thinking processes. Moreover, the Setara Daring LMS enhances critical thinking skills by incorporating inquiry-based learning strategies, case studies, and self-assessment tools, fostering an environment that supports independent exploration, analytical reasoning, and decision-making abilities. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence that Setara Daring LMS serves as an effective platform for cultivating interactive, reflective, and cognitively engaging learning experiences, contributing to the advancement of digital learning innovations in non-formal education..
Research Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the Setara Daring LMS effectively supports active learner engagement, critical reflection, and critical thinking skills in equivalency education. The developed transformative learning model, facilitated by this LMS, offers an interactive and flexible approach, helping learners adapt to online learning in the digital era. Educators play a vital role as facilitators, guiding learners' critical thinking processes. The Setara Daring LMS has proven to be an effective tool for improving learning quality in non-formal education in Bandung City. This research contributes to a transformative learning model based on LMS, providing a foundation for further development and application of LMS to enhance learning quality in non-formal education.
Research Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its development of a transformative learning model using the Setara Daring LMS for equivalency education, a sector often overlooked in digital learning innovations. It highlights the LMS's effectiveness in fostering active engagement, critical reflection, and critical thinking skills, while emphasizing the crucial role of educators as facilitators in guiding learners. The research provides empirical evidence from its implementation in Bandung City's non-formal education system, offering a foundational framework for future LMS-based learning models in non-formal education. This study bridges the gap between digital tools and transformative learning in under-researched educational contexts.
 

Background: Football is a sport that combines aerobic and anaerobic endurance during training and matches. Physical fitness can support blood circulation function and heart work and increase muscle strength, speed, agility, and explosiveness. Muscle fatigue can be affected by various internal and external factors, including physiological, nutritional, exercise, psychological, environmental, and health factors. One of the nutritional factors that can affect muscle fatigue is micronutrients such as potassium. Potassium and vitamin C deficiency can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the effect of giving isotonic drinks and sweet orange juice on the fatigue level of North Sumatra PPLP football athletes. Method: The research design is true experimental, with the post-test only with a control group design. The subjects consisted of 24 athletes who were selected using systematic random sampling. The level of fatigue is known through the RAST test. Bivariate analysis uses an independent sample t-test to determine the difference in influence between each variable. Results: As a result of this study, there was a significant difference in fatigue levels in the two groups. The average fatigue level value in the treatment group was 4.61±1.42, while the control group was 6.62±2.33 or the Sig. p<0.05 value was p = 0.01. Conclusion: This showed a significant difference in the mean level of athlete fatigue between the treatment group and the control group.

This study investigates the impact of adaptive assessment tools on student learning outcomes, engagement and knowledge retention compared to traditional assessment methods. The research employs a descriptive survey design, utilising a quantitative research approach to gather data from 200 students across various educational settings in Kwara State, Nigeria. The primary research questions explore how adaptive assessments influence knowledge retention, engagement levels and the identification of areas needing additional support. By focusing exclusively on students as respondents, the study reliable data that elucidates the effectiveness of adaptive assessments in enhancing knowledge retention and engagement within educational settings. The findings reveal that adaptive assessments significantly enhance knowledge retention, as indicated by mean scores above the established cut-off point of 3.0 across all survey items. Students reported high levels of engagement, motivation and clarity regarding their learning needs when using adaptive tools. In contrast, traditional assessments received notably lower scores, suggesting limited effectiveness in fostering positive learning experiences. The study concludes that adaptive assessment tools provide a more personalised and effective approach to student learning, leading to improved outcomes in both knowledge retention and engagement. It is recommended that educators integrate adaptive assessments into their curricula to maximise student learning potential. Policymakers should consider supporting the implementation of adaptive technologies in educational institutions to enhance the overall learning experience. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of personalised learning approaches and offers empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of adaptive assessments in contemporary education.

Beground -  The equality education program in Banjarmasin has an important role in providing learning opportunities for people who cannot access formal education. However, challenges in terms of marketing this program are still an obstacle, such as the lack of public understanding of the benefits of equality education and limitations in reaching prospective students. Along with the development of information technology, the implementation of digital-based marketing strategies is a potential solution to increase the reach and effectiveness of the promotion of this program.
Purpose - This study aims to explore the implications of the use of information technology in the marketing of equality education programs in Banjarmasin.              
Method/approach - The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research informants consisted of the manager of the Center for Community Learning Activities (PKBM), educators, and students involved in the equality program.
Findings - Research findings show that the use of information technology, such as social media, websites, and mobile-based applications, has had a positive impact on increasing the visibility of equality education programs. The use of digital platforms allows for a wider reach, increased interaction with prospective students, and more effective and efficient delivery of information. However, challenges such as limited internet access in some regions and the lack of digital literacy among the community are still obstacles that need to be overcome.
Conclusions - The conclusion of this study confirms that the application of information technology in the marketing of equality education programs in Banjarmasin can increase community participation and the effectiveness of information delivery. A more targeted and sustainable digital marketing strategy is needed to overcome existing obstacles.
Novelty/Originality/Value - The novelty of this study lies in the development of an information technology-based marketing model that is tailored to the demographic and social characteristics of the Banjarmasin community, so that it can be a reference for equality education program managers in increasing public participation and awareness of the importance of non-formal education.

Background: Female tutors in non-formal education play an important role in guiding children to deal with emergencies. They are not only educators, but also protectors and agents of change. However, this role has not been fully supported, both in training and resources.
Research Urgency: The lack of studies on the strategic role of female tutors in emergency training education shows the need for this research. The results are expected to be the basis for strengthening the capacity and protection of children through the empowerment of female tutors.
Research Objectives: This study examines the role of female tutors in implementing emergency training education in non-formal children's institutions and strengthens their role in child protection.
Research Method: Using a mixed method sequential exploration design in Cimahi City, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, document reviews, and questionnaires.
Research Findings: These findings suggest that female tutors play an important role in training children for emergencies, with roles distributed as caregivers (15%), educators (20%), gender norm resistance (15%), leaders (10%), agents of change (10%), internalization (10%), participatory training (13%), and contributors to social context (7%). Efforts to strengthen their role include improving education and health, promoting women's participation in decision-making, raising public awareness, and providing child support and protection. However, challenges remain, such as inadequate training and limited understanding of emergency response procedures. This research highlights the need for ongoing training and adequate resources.
Research Conclusion: Female tutors play a vital role in preparing children for emergency situations through various strategic roles. Strengthening these roles requires capacity building, increased participation, and continuous support. However, challenges such as limited training and inadequate understanding of procedures highlight the need for ongoing interventions and sufficient resource allocation.
Research Novelty/ Contibution: Her contribution lies in the emphasis on women's role in emergency exercises as the foundation of policy development. The novelty of this study is the integration of the maternal instincts of female tutors with technical emergency training to improve child protection in non-formal settings.

During the time of Rasulullah SAW, Muslims did not need certain rules in understanding sharia law. After the spread of Futuhat Islamiyah, Arab Muslims interacted a lot with other nations who had different languages. On the other hand, the need for ijtihad is very urgent, because there are many new problems that have never occurred before and require clarity in fiqh law. So two large madrasahs emerged that reflected their ijtihad method - the Ahlir-ra'yi Madrasah used more qiyas (analogies) to generate heated debates, thus making the ulama feel the need to create written regulations that were recorded as common law in uniting these two madrasas. The hadith about being more careful in giving fatwas and qiyas gave rise to heated debate, making the ulama feel the need to make written rules which were recorded as joint laws in uniting the two madrasas. Imam Syafi'i was the first person to write a book about ushul fiqh-Imam Syafii was a great mufti of the Muslim community who was also the founder of the Syafi'i school, developing his school in Baghdad. Ushul fiqh is the postulates of fiqh which are global in nature - The object of the discussion is to study the postulates which are still of a general nature seen from their general legal provisions and the ultimate aim of studying them is to protect the Islamic religion from deviations and misuse of the postulates of the Shari'a, so that misleading carelessness does not occur.