This thesis discusses the authority of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as external supervisors in the management of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes) in Mlirip Village, Jetis District, Mojokerto Regency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of the role of NGOs in supervising the management of village budgets, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness and obstacles faced by NGOs in carrying out their supervisory functions. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving interviews, observations, and document analysis related to village budget management in Mlirip Village. The results of the study indicate that NGOs have the authority to supervise the planning, implementation, and accountability of the APBDes through various supervisory mechanisms, such as social audits, counseling, and advocacy. However, in practice, NGOs face various obstacles, including lack of community participation, limited resources, and bureaucratic obstacles. Nevertheless, the role of NGOs as external supervisors remains important to encourage transparency and accountability in village budget management, as well as to ensure that the village budget is used in accordance with the needs and objectives that have been set. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more effective village budget supervision mechanisms in the future.
 
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Juvenile criminal justice in Indonesia is an important aspect of the justice system that focuses on protecting the rights of children in conflict with the law. One of the efforts regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA) is diversity, which aims to prevent children from the judicial process that can harm their future. This study aims to analyze the protection of children's rights in the criminal justice process, as well as the implementation of diversity in the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, through literature studies and interviews with various related parties, such as judges, prosecutors, and community counselors. The results of the study indicate that although there are efforts to protect children's rights in criminal justice, the implementation of diversity still faces a number of challenges, including a lack of understanding among law enforcement officers, limited facilities, and a mismatch between policies and practices in the field. This study suggests the need to increase the capacity of law enforcement officers and other stakeholders in understanding and implementing diversity efforts optimally, as well as the need for policy evaluation to improve the effectiveness of child protection in criminal justice.

This study aims to analyze the investigation of narcotics crimes conducted by the Mojokerto City Police in accordance with the provisions of Article 114 in conjunction with Article 112 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. These articles regulate the threat of criminal penalties for drug dealers and users, and provide a legal basis for law enforcement officers in carrying out the investigation process. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory approach and case analysis. The results of the study indicate that the investigation at the Mojokerto City Police has attempted to comply with applicable legal provisions, but there are obstacles such as a lack of competent human resources, obstacles in collecting evidence, and challenges in implementing rehabilitation for drug users. This study recommends increasing the capacity of investigators through training, optimizing cooperation with related agencies, and implementing more transparent and accountable investigation procedures.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Governance Capacity of the Jombang Regency Regional Government in the Implementation of the Upper Secondary Education Policy and Factors Inhibiting the Capacity of the Governance Capacity of the Jombang Regency Regional Government in the Implementation of the Upper Secondary Education Policy. The research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique uses a technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, identifying bases for interpretation, developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that there are 4 (four) factors that affect the Governance Capacity of the Jombang Regency Regional Government in the Implementation of the Upper Secondary Education Policy. First: The communication pattern carried out by the Jombang Education Office is ineffective so that the aspirations and problems that arise cannot be accommodated properly. Second: Resources & Funding, namely the implementer (policy implementer) of the resource aspect shows that Human Resources at the Jombang Regency Education and Culture Office is supported by 266 employees. Third: Implementer Attitude (Dispositions). show a positive attitude and sufficient willingness to carry out a good secondary education program. Fourth: The bureaucratic structure is quite clear, namely the Jombang Regency Education Office, the school and the Board of Education/community leaders, but the bureaucratic procedures are still long. The factors that hinder the implementation of education policies in Jombang Regency are factors that come from within are the existence of facilities and infrastructure, the motivation of teachers and students. Then the factor that comes from outside is the school's accessibility to a variety of sources, both resources and funds

The negative impacts of the climate change phenomenon have a very broad impact, including on the agricultural sector, thus threatening food resilience in Indonesia. This research aims to find out how the regulation of climate change adaptation in the agricultural sector achieves food resilience in Indonesia, and to find out how its implementation occurs specifically in the regency of Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan Province, and Bandung City, West Java Province. Using a normative legal and analytical-descriptive approach, the main data are primary legal data and legal literature. The results showed that there are several climate change adaptation provisions in the agricultural sector in Indonesia, but food diversification as an adaptation measure is not contained in them. This makes the implementation of the agreements in Kubu Raya constituency try to adapt only to a commodity. Nevertheless, the implementation of climate change adaptation in the agricultural sector, especially in Kubu Raya constituency and Bandung city, has been pursued despite the respective problems outside the threat of climate change.

The waste management program at SD Negeri Ringinanom 1, Magelang Regency, is part of the Student Work Program of Team II, Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) in Ringinanom Village, Universitas Tidar. This program aims to raise environmental awareness from an early age through education and hands-on practice. It includes waste management socialization, the creation of collages from plastic waste, and the production of hydroponic pots using used gallons and bottles. The activities were carried out in stages, starting with a site survey on January 7, 2025, followed by socialization on January 10, 2025, and the practical creation of collages and hydroponic pots on January 16, 2025. This program involved students from classes 4B, 5B, and 6B through interactive socialization, demonstrations, and direct practice. The results showed an improvement in students' understanding of waste management and their skills in processing waste into valuable products. Additionally, the program supports the school’s status as a Sekolah Adiwiyata and aligns with the Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) curriculum, instilling sustainability values and environmental responsibility from an early age.

The performance of an organization or company is influenced greatly and even depends on the quality and competitive ability of its human resources. Various factors can affect employee performance including incentives, motivation, work environment, and leadership style in the company. The purpose of this study was to test and analyze the effect of incentives, motivation, work environment, leadership style on the performance of tappers of Kalikempit Kebun PTPN I Regional 5. This research uses a quantitative approach with explanatory research type. The population in this study was 103 tappers of Kebun Kalikempit PT Perkebunan Nusantara I Regional 5. The sampling method uses saturated samples, where all employees totaling 103 tappers were sampled in this study. The data in this study were obtained using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 25. The results showed that: 1). Partially incentives have a significant influence on the performance of tappers, 2). Partially motivation has a significant influence on the performance of tappers, 3). Partially, the work environment has a significant influence on the performance of tappers, 4). Partially leadership style has a significant influence on the performance of tappers and 5) simultaneously incentive variables, motivation, work environment, and leadership style have a significant influence on the performance of tappers Kalikempit PTPN I Regional 5.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in Indonesia's economic growth. However, many MSME players in Sabatan Hamlet, Ringinanom Village, Magelang Regency, do not have business legality, strong branding, and effective digital marketing strategies. This mentoring program aims to assist MSME players in obtaining a Business Identification Number (NIB), improving branding identity, and utilizing Google Maps as a means of business digitization. The methods used include observation, interviews, mentoring, and evaluation of six MSMEs in Sabatan Hamlet. The results of this program show that the assisted MSMEs have successfully obtained business legality in the form of NIB, have a more professional business logo and banner, and are registered on Google Maps, which increases the visibility of their business. The evaluation of this program also showed a positive response from MSME players, who felt the real impact of the assistance in the aspects of legality, branding, and digital marketing. With this program, it is expected that MSMEs in Sabatan Hamlet can develop more rapidly, increase competitiveness, and contribute more to the local economy. Similar programs in the future need to be expanded so that more MSMEs can benefit, with additional training related to digital marketing strategies and business management.

Active, Creative, Innovative and Fun Learning Training (PAIKEM) is a strategy designed to improve the quality of learning through an approach that involves students actively and creatively. This article aims to describe the implementation and results of PAIKEM training for elementary school teachers in Padang Cermin District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung. Training was carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation and evaluation. The methods used include simulations, group discussions, and practical assistance in class. The results of the training show an increase in teachers' understanding of PAIKEM principles, increased skills in applying creative methods, and increased student participation in the learning process. This training makes a significant contribution to the development of teacher competence and the quality of learning in elementary schools. To ensure the sustainability of the impact of training, continued assistance and synergy between schools, government and the education community is needed.

The establishment of a waste bank program in Sabatan Hamlet, Ringinanom Village, Magelang Regency, is one of the solutions to address the increasing household waste problem. This program was carried out through the Community Service Program (KKN) of Tidar University from January to February 2025, with the aim of raising public awareness about the importance of environmentally friendly waste management. This research used a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques including open interviews, field surveys, and focus group discussions (FGD). The program implementation was conducted in four main stages: preparation, socialization, execution, and assistance. During the execution phase, the "UD Sregep" waste bank was successfully established, focusing on the management of paper, plastic bottles, and cans. Additionally, the program successfully integrated inorganic waste management with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot cultivation for organic waste, creating a sustainable waste management system that holds economic value for the community. The program received positive support from various stakeholders, including the community, village government, and other parties, demonstrating its success in improving the welfare of the community through waste utilization.