This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing production factors on the income of tape entrepreneurs in Ladang Bambu Village, Medan Tuntungan District. Using a quantitative approach method with a sample size of 60 respondents determined by Accidental Sampling. Data collected using the questionnaire method was then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS version 25.00. The results of this research show that partially labor and marketing influence the income of tape entrepreneurs in Ladang Bambu Village, Medan Tuntungan District. Meanwhile, business capital and location have no effect on the income of tape entrepreneurs in Ladang Bambu Village, Medan Tuntungan District. Furthermore, it simultaneously shows that labor, business capital, location and marketing together influence the income of tape entrepreneurs in Ladang Bambu Village, Medan Tuntungan District.

Minimarkets represent a critical sector within the retail industry, playing a fundamental role in fulfilling the daily requirements of consumers, amidst a persistent uptrend in sales value. Within the progressively competitive commercial environment, the comprehension of Customer Value has emerged as a pivotal element in augmenting Satisfaction, consequently fostering customer Loyalty, which stands as a crucial component of Consumer Behavior and is essential for ensuring the continuity of business operations. The principal aim of this research is to examine the influence of Customer Value on Consumer Behavior among minimarket customers in the Jabodetabek area. A total of 376 minimarket customers in Jabodetabek area were surveyed via an online questionnaire for data collection. The methodological approach utilized for data analysis involved the application of Structural Equation Modeling using SmartPLS 4.0. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that Customer Value factors such as Product Excellence, Service Excellence, Social Value, and Aesthetics play a crucial role in influencing customer Satisfaction. Nevertheless, the Efficiency dimension does not demonstrate a notable impact on Satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction plays a significant role in fostering customer loyalty. The conclusions drawn from this study emphasize the need for minimarket businesses to continuously assess customer satisfaction levels by leveraging Customer Value, in turn enhancing customer loyalty and nurturing more resilient links between minimarkets and consumers in the Jabodetabek region.

Supervision needs to be carried out, especially in monitoring circulating goods and business actors, where with supervision we can find out how goods are circulating on the market, whether they comply with existing regulations or not. Having supervision of business actors can minimize the occurrence of fraudulent conditions committed by business actors so that consumers feel safe and obtain their rights as consumers. This research aims to provide information and knowledge regarding the supervision of circulating goods carried out by the Jember Consumer Protection UPT in the PBBJ & TN sector, to increase consumer protection and compliance for business actors. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The type of research used is direct research or field research on the object of the problem raised by the author. The results of this research indicate that the Jember Consumer Protection UPT has optimized monitoring of circulating goods on a regular basis. It can be seen from the data from monitoring goods in circulation that many business actors comply with regulations and do not sell goods that do not comply with applicable regulations.

The research aims to explain and describe modeling techniques, polite behavior, and the impact of modeling techniques on students' helping and polite behavior at Raudhatul Athfal Nurul Hidayah Pemakasan. The research method is qualitative through a case study approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data processing techniques involve condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity techniques include credibility. Research findings: (1) Modeling techniques: Attention Stage with student conditioning, attracting students' attention through singing and guessing games, and demonstrating helpful and polite behavior. Retention Stage involves recalling demonstrations and applying behavior. The reproduction Stage involves repeating behavior and giving tasks. The motivation Stage involves giving rewards and punishments. (2) Polite and courteous behavior: students helping each other in small matters, such as completing tasks or providing pencils, also being polite to teachers. (3) Impact: Students start helping each other in small matters, such as completing tasks providing pencils, and being polite to teachers.

The aim of this research is to elucidate the improvement of Early Childhood Education management at Attoriq Pamekasan through the implementation of educational management. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive, using interviews, observation, and documentation as data-gathering techniques. Data processing involves data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research findings illustrate that Attoriq PAUD School has a planning process involving full participation from the headmaster, teachers, and students to achieve clear goals and address existing problems. The organization is conducted considering management principles such as workforce grouping, authority determination, and time discipline. Each school member has their own responsibilities in line with the school's vision and mission. Implementation of educational activities aims to maintain discipline, adhere to instructions, and prioritize collective interests. The headmaster provides guidance and bonuses as appreciation for hard work and cooperation. Regular supervision is conducted to ensure all activities are in accordance with the plan and to identify and address weaknesses for continuous improvement of education quality.

The training method, often referred to by various names such as readiness training method, habituation method, coaching method, and drill, is a technique commonly used by teachers, both inside and outside the classroom. In Tahfidz learning, there is a difference compared to other subjects because the main focus is on the memorization aspect. Memorizing verses of the Qur'an requires precision and caution because errors in memorization can have fatal consequences. Early childhood is considered the golden age for learning as it is the best developmental period for children. This period is crucial for laying the foundations of intelligence, personality, and creativity in individuals. Cognitively, children at this age have high absorption potential. Therefore, it is the right time to start the process of memorizing short verses. In this study, the approach used is qualitative method with field research aiming to obtain descriptive or narrative data about background, social groups, individuals, and community institutions. The research findings indicate that Tahfidz learning (memorization of short verses from Juz 30) is conducted with enthusiasm, activity, creativity, and cheerfulness, and the children are able to follow the learning process well.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the guided practice method in improving prayer learning skills in Group B of RA Salafiyah Pamulian Warungpring, Pemalang in 2022, and to assess the effectiveness of the method in enhancing prayer skills. The research used a qualitative approach. The subjects were 14 students of Group B Raudatul Athfal Muslimat Salafiyah Pamulian Warungpring. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the guided practice method in teaching the procedure of fardhu prayers at RA Muslimat Salafiyah Pamulian was successful. Both teachers and students accepted the achievements according to the lesson plan (RPP) in using the practice method. The results of this method also influenced the students' lifestyle by increasing their awareness of the importance of fardhu prayers and their responsibility in the afterlife. Variation in learning plays a significant role in improving students' achievements in all aspects of learning, including language, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills. These findings are expected to be beneficial and serve as a basis for relevant parties to enhance the religious and moral values of children.

Meronce is the process of arranging or assembling objects by inserting perforated objects into a string or thread to create beautiful works. This meronce skill not only develops the sensory and motor aspects of children, but also enhances focus on the senses, such as concentration, training social-emotional skills, cognitive skills, as well as introducing colors and shapes to children aged 5-6 years. By taking beads and arranging them according to desired patterns or shapes, children can practice hand movements, eye coordination, and motor skills. The use of meronce skills in learning is very effective in developing various aspects of early childhood development, both in kindergarten and early childhood education. Therefore, this article discusses the use of Educational Play Equipment (APE) Meronce Skills to enhance sensory and motor development in early childhood. This study uses a qualitative approach with field research, which aims to determine the background, social groups, individuals, and community institutions. The results show that meronce skill learning in classroom B1 of TK Muslimat Nurul Ulum 2 Pegiringan is conducted with enthusiasm, creativity, and high spirits. Children are able to follow their teacher's instructions well.

The primary problem for multi-robot displacement and motion phase solving requires that the robots prevent themselves from colliding with each other as well as stationary obstacles. In certain situations, robot conflict is unavoidable if one robot views its neighbors as immovable obstacles. Hence, this paper proposes a new NURBs (Non-Uniform Rational B-spline) based algorithm for multi-robot path planning in a crowded environment. First, the proposed technique finds each robot's free, smooth, optimal path while avoiding collision with the existing obstacles. Secondly, the prospect of possible collision between the preplanned trajectories will be computed to allow the robots to navigate in the same workspace and coordinate between them. Then, each robot's time to arrive at potential collision sites is computed based on its speed. As a result, the robots involved in the collision must choose whether to use the robot priority technique to prevent the collision. Simulation results under different scenarios and comparisons with previous works are provided to validate the work. The obtained results prove that the proposed approach is accurate (as the robot's instantaneous speed is taken into consideration), fast (as there is no need to broadcast the robots’ positions), the robots’ paths are optimal and smooth (to avoid jerk movements), and the approach ensures that the robots will not be trapped by local minima problem.

This study discusses the relationship between leadership style and the quality of teamwork in companies. This study uses literature review analysis to examine the concept of leadership style which includes authoritarian, democratic, and independent styles, as well as the concept of quality teamwork (TWQ). The results of this study show that the right leadership style and good relationship between leaders and employees can affect the quality of teamwork significantly. Effective communication and collaboration between team members are the most important factors in improving the quality of teamwork. Therefore, Companies are encouraged to pay attention to the leadership style of a leader and improve and teamwork to achieve goals and improve overall employee performance.