This research is aimed at examining how to protect the rights of indigenous peoples from several practices through a review of legislation. Regulations on customary law communities have long been regulated in Indonesian law, including the constitution. However, overlapping regulations due to conflicts of interest between the government and investors hinder the protection of their rights. Governments are often involved in land and natural resource grabbing, known as land grabbing and green grabbing. This practice triggers complex conflicts that are detrimental and ignore the rights of indigenous peoples. The conflict is rooted in the government's negligence in drafting harmonized rules that should really protect customary law communities.

This article aims to explore the opportunities of optimizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in supporting adaptive, inclusive, and innovative learning in the Society 5.0 era. With its potential to revolutionize education through content personalization, responsive learning, and administrative efficiency, AI is the key to future education transformation. The research approach is qualitative through literature analysis and case studies, covering the implementation of AI in adaptive learning, educational chatbots, and virtual reality technology. The researcher's review of several studies revealed that AI not only eases the administrative burden on teachers, but also provides individually tailored learning plans and improves students' digital literacy. However, the integration of AI in education faces challenges such as resistance to change and disparities in access to technology. To overcome these challenges, the development of inclusive policies as well as AI-based training for educators is recommended, thus ensuring the ethical and effective application of technology, in line with the humanistic and future-oriented vision of Society 5.0.

Violence against women remains a serious issue in Indonesia despite the existence of Law Number 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence (KDRT). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of this law in reducing violence against women and to identify the barriers in its implementation. The research method used is a normative legal approach, focusing on the analysis of relevant regulations and related policies. The findings show that although legal awareness has increased, many women victims of violence are still hindered by social and cultural factors in reporting the incidents. Institutional factors, such as limited resources in law enforcement agencies, also affect the effectiveness of protection. The implication of this research is the importance of a thorough evaluation of existing policies and the need to improve the capacity of law enforcement agencies to handle cases of violence against women more effectively.

The author in writing raised the case on Decision Number: 9/Pid.Sus.A/2019/PN.Bkl, where the defendant Ropik Bin Sukkur was found guilty of committing the crime of theft of a blue and white Beat motorcycle for his actions, the defendant was sentenced to 3 (three) years. three) months and did not get a diversion attempt. For this reason, the author will examine how the criminal imposition of criminal acts of theft of article 363 of the Criminal Code committed by minors in terms of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and how the judge's considerations in imposing a crime against the perpetrators of the crime of theft of article 363 of the Criminal Code in terms of the perspective of restorative justice, the research method used in this author is the normative juridical method of library law research carried out by researching library materials or secondary data, sentencing refers to the theory of relative punishment where the purpose of sentencing is as a means of improvement for the accused. itself, while the judge's considerations refer to two aspects, namely juridical and non-juridical aspects, juridical aspects refer to Article 362 of the Criminal Code and noin juridical refers to mitigating and aggravating matters.

The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has a strategic role in improving community welfare, especially in rural areas. This research aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) faced by coconut processing MSMEs in Gesikharjo Village, Palang District. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with MSME actors, field observations, and document analysis. The research results show that the main strengths of these MSMEs are the availability of local raw materials and community support. However, weaknesses such as technological and management limitations are still challenges. Opportunities such as increasing demand for processed coconut products in local and national markets provide bright prospects, although threats such as price competition and global market fluctuations still need to be watched out for. Research recommendations include strengthening the managerial capacity of MSME players, product innovation, and collaboration with the government and private sector to create a sustainable business ecosystem.

The curriculum is a guideline for learning activities that guides the educational process towards the desired results. The curriculum plays an important role in shaping the identity and national character of students within the framework of Pancasila Education. A nation’s national identity is what differentiates it from other countries, while character education aims to develop people who have high moral and ethical standards so that they can make a valuable contribution to society. The aim of this research is to find out how the independent curriculum in Pancasila education lessons is implemented in schools and determine the best way to use it to help students develop a sense of identity and national character. This research uses a qualitative method with an interview and observation approach in data collection. The research results show that, through relevant teaching strategies, Pancasila education makes a significant contribution to the internalization of ethical and national values. The findings of this study highlight how important it is to implement the independent curriculum in Pancasila education lessons optimally in order to foster the development of students’ moral character and love of their homeland. It is hoped that this research can help create more effective teaching methods for Pancasila Education.

School-based management embodies a forward-thinking model in the development of educational systems, emphasizing institutional independence and creative approaches. This management framework can be viewed as a system that grants greater autonomy to educational institutions and fosters cooperative decision-making among all stakeholders (such as educators, students, administrators, support personnel, guardians, and the local community) to enhance the quality of education in line with national educational goals. This study is a qualitative field investigation, utilizing a methodology pertinent to the primary variables under examination, particularly a qualitative perspective. To gather information, researchers utilized techniques including observation, interviews, and document analysis. Results show that the application of school-based management in enhancing the quality of Islamic Religious Education in schools is generally effective, though not entirely optimal, particularly concerning the management of facilities and infrastructure. This indicates that the execution of school leadership is done effectively and efficiently. The effectiveness of school management rooted in administration relies on the presence of competent human resources, adequate financial backing, sufficient facilities and infrastructure, along with active involvement from the community (parents).

Penelitian ini berfokus pada perencanaan jalur pejalan kaki baru, termasuk underpass dan skywalk, di kawasan komersial Jalan Boulevard dan Jalan Pengayoman, Kota Makassar. Masalah utama yang dihadapi adalah kurangnya kenyamanan dan keamanan jalur pejalan kaki akibat parkir liar, kemacetan, dan terbatasnya fasilitas pejalan kaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang jalur pejalan kaki yang terstandarisasi, nyaman, dan terintegrasi dengan kawasan strategis.
Metode yang digunakan meliputi observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan analisis data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden mendukung pembangunan jalur pejalan kaki dan skywalk dengan elemen-elemen penting seperti penerangan yang memadai, aksesibilitas bagi penyandang disabilitas, dan fasilitas pendukung seperti tempat duduk dan penanda arah yang jelas. Desain jalur dirancang untuk terhubung dengan pusat transportasi umum, pusat perbelanjaan, dan area perkantoran, dengan mengedepankan kenyamanan, keamanan, dan keberlanjutan.
Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi desain berdasarkan peraturan seperti Pedoman Teknis No. 027/T/Bt/1995 dan Permen PUPR No. 5 Tahun 2023. Implementasi skywalk dan jalur pejalan kaki baru diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas ruang publik, mengurangi kemacetan, dan menciptakan lingkungan perkotaan yang lebih nyaman, efisien, dan inklusif.

Bis Mania Community merupakan komunitas pecinta bis khususnya coordinator wilayah di Surabaya yang berdiri sejak tahun 2012. Pada tahun 2024 ini tepatnya tanggal 10 November 2024, Bis Mania Community mengadakan Anniversarynya ke-12 di Tulungagung. Dalam merayakan Anniversary yang ke-12 ini tidak hanya mengagendakan Family Gathering dan kunjungan garasi saja, tetapi Bis Mania Community ini juga menjual berbagai macam Merchandise sebagai media untuk menampilkan identitas. Macam-macam merchandise yang akan dibuat salah satunya berupa T-Shirt. Merchandise yang ditawarkan oleh brand atau komunitas berupa T-Shirt saat ini memiliki nilai dan daya tarik bagi komunitas itu sendiri. Merchandise sendiri adalah cenderamata yang sering kali dijumpai masyarakat sebagai wadah atau sarana dalam bentuk promosi suatu produk ataupun Brand. Merchandise sendiri dibuat dengan berbagai macam bentuk atau barang yang biasa digunakan sehari-hari seperti T-Shirt, Tumbler, Totebag, gantungan kunci, dan lain – lain. Merancang suatu Merchandise memerlukan riset dan desain ilustrasi yang tepat sehingga bisa menarik minat pembeli untuk memiliki merchandise tersebut. Dalam melakukan perancangan untuk Merchandise Anniversary Bis Mania Community dengan tema liburan ke Pantai menampilkan Object Bis, Karakter Sura dan Baya, dan Pantai Gema sebagai tujuan destinasi yang dipilih Bis Mania Community. Oleh karena itu penggunaan merchandise bisa menjadi cenderamata yang tepat, berkesan, dan sebagai media promosi serta identitas dari Bis Mania Community.

This study examines the effect of leverage on the profitability of PT Pabrik Kertas Tjiwi Kimia Tbk during the 2020–2024 period. Using a causal research method with secondary data obtained from financial reports published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), the study analyzes the relationship between Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) as the leverage indicator and Return on Assets (ROA) as the profitability indicator. The results indicate a significant negative relationship between leverage and profitability. Increased DER is associated with a decrease in ROA, suggesting that excessive debt reduces financial performance due to higher interest costs and financial risks. This study contributes to the understanding of leverage's impact on profitability in the manufacturing sector, offering valuable insights for corporate management, investors, and academics. Recommendations include enhancing operational efficiency and optimizing debt management strategies to improve long-term profitability