The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the field of steganography, extending its scope beyond conventional image-based techniques to novel domains such as linguistic and 3D mesh data hiding. This review presents a concise, accessible, and critical examination of recent AI-powered steganography methods, focusing on three distinct modalities: image, linguistic, and 3D mesh. Unlike most surveys focusing solely on one modality, this work highlights some modalities, identifies their unique challenges, and discusses how AI has reshaped embedding mechanisms, evaluation strategies, and security concerns. In image-based steganography, deep models such as GANs and Transformers have improved imperceptibility and extraction accuracy, but face limitations in computational efficiency and extraction consistency. Linguistic steganography, previously hindered by semantic fragility, has been revitalized by large language models (LLMs), enabling context-aware and reversible embedding, though still constrained by metric standardization and synchronization issues. Meanwhile, 3D mesh steganography remains dominated by non-AI methods, offering fertile ground for innovation through geometric deep learning. This review also provides a comparative summary of design principles, performance metrics, and modality-specific trade-offs. The analysis reveals a shift in evaluation paradigms, from numeric fidelity (e.g., PSNR, SSIM) to semantic and perceptual metrics (e.g., LPIPS, BERTScore, Hausdorff Distance). Looking ahead, future directions include cross-modal integration, domain adaptation, lightweight AI models, and the development of unified benchmarks. By presenting recent advances and critical perspectives across underexplored domains, this survey aims to inspire early-stage researchers and practitioners to explore new frontiers of steganography in the AI era.

This study aims to describe the improvement of student learning outcomes in science learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model in Class V of SDN 16 Pulau Karam, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This study is a classroom action research (PTK) with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Implemented in 2 cycles, cycle I consists of 2 meetings and cycle II consists of 1 meeting. The results of the study showed an increase in teaching modules in science learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model, the implementation of science learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and student learning outcomes in science learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This can be seen from the average observation results of the Teaching Module cycle I which was 87.4% (B) increasing in cycle II to 92.8% (SB). This is also seen in the average results of teacher activities in cycle I which were 85.9% (B) increasing in cycle II to 93.8% (SB). In student activities, the average cycle I was 84.3% (B) increasing in cycle II to 93.8%. In student learning outcomes, the average cycle 1 was 81% (B) and increased in cycle 2 to 91%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model can improve the results of learning science in class V SDN 16 Pulau Karam, Pesisir Selatan Regency.

22 Desember 2008 pemerintah menetapkan secara resmi angkutan massal untuk menanggulangi kemacetan yaitu dengan adanya BRT Trans Semarang yang kemudian beroperasi tahun 2010. Seiring berjalannya waktu, BRT Trans Semarang tidak mampu melayani rute-rute yang berada di perkampungan yang belum terhubung dengan angkutan masal lainnya, maka dari itu pemerintah melakukan pengembangan transportasi yang saling terhubung permukiman yang tidak dapat dijangkau oleh transportasi sehingga terciptanya Angkutan Pengumpan (Feeder) BRT Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pelayanan feeder dengan metode kuantitatif. Data didapatkan dengan cara observasi lapangan dan penyebaran kuesioner. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis kinerja pelayanan angkutan umum, analisis kepuasan pengguna dengan metode CSI dan analisis prioritas peningkatan pelayanan dengan metode IPA.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pelayanan feeder berada pada kategori sedang. Sedangkan kepuasan pengguna feeder sebesar 86% dan termasuk kategori sangat puas. Terdapat beberapa aspek yang perlu ditingkatan performanya untuk meningkatkan layanan feeder, yaitu kemudahan mendapatkan tempat duduk, inisiatif penyedia jasa, kepercayaan penumpang terhadap penyedia jasa, kenyamanan armada, keramahan pengemudi, dan ketanggapan pengemudi saat ada masalah.

Kawasan Pasar Mranggen, Kab. Demak merupakan salah satu daerah yang berada pada salah satu ruas jalan provinsi dengan kepadatan arus lalu lintas yang cukup tinggi. Kemacetan yang terjadi pada kawasan tersebut juga diakibatkan karena aktifitas pasar dan kendaraan yang berhenti di sekitar kawasan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik lalu lintas yang ada di kawasan Pasar Mranggen, mengetahui sirkulasi simpang, dan mengetahui karakteristik parkir eksisting serta kebutuhan lahan parkir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode MKJ1 1997 dan Pedoman Teknis Penyelenggaraan Fasilitas Parkir 1996. Dari hasil analisa didapat hasil untuk ruas Jl. Semarang-Godong volume lalu lintas tertinggi pada hari Senin dengan 3013 smp/jam dan Derajat Kejenuhan 1,85 dengan tingkat pelayanan F yang berarti arus yang terhambat,kecepatan rendah,dan sering terjadi kemacetan. Untuk kinerja simpang di kawasan Pasar Mranggen volume tertinggi pada hari Kamis dengan 1228 smp/jam dan Derajat Kejenuhan 1,56 dengan tingkat pelayanan F yang berarti berkecepatan lambat, hambatan besar dan kemacetan arus. Untuk lahan parkir off street untuk mobil (3 SRP < 20 SRP), untuk motor (102 SRP

Steel rebar is generally 12 meters in length, so if more than that is required, it must be joined using methods such as lap splice, welded splice, or mechanical splice. This study compares the flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams without splice, with lap splice, and with Cold Forged sleeve with Parallel Threads (CFSPT) type mechanical splice, to assess the performance of each splice method. The study used beam specimens measuring 200 x 20 x 40 cm with a planned concrete quality f'c 25 MPa. Flexural strength testing resulted in a nominal moment value of 85.209 kNm for the normal beam, 92.952 kNm for the skip beam, and 82.305 kNm for the coupler beam. Based on the nominal moment value of the experiment, the lap splice beam has the highest value and the coupler connection beam has the lowest value. The resulting deflection of the normal beam tends to be higher than that of the lap splice beam and the coupler beam, which is 72.522 mm. While the maximum deflection produced by the lap splice beam and coupler beams is 44.876 mm and 40.191 mm, respectively. The ductility values of the normal beam, lapsplice beam, and coupler beam were 5.949; 3.257; 4.550, respectively.

Fokus Penelitian ini adalah Efektivitas Pengelolaan Bus Rapid Transit Bandung di Kota Bandung. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah tidak adanya tindak lanjut sosialisasi yang diberikan mengenai keberadaan BRT Trans Bandung, rendahnya minat masyarakat terhadap penggunaan BRT Trans Bandung, penempatan halte/shelter BRT Trans Bandung yang belum tepat di titik simpul lalu lintas, rendahnya tingkat load factor BRT Trans Bandung sebesar 38,28%, dan kurangnya sistem park and ride yang dapat menunjang penyelenggaraan BRT Trans Bandung. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengukur Efektivitas Pengelolaan Bus Rapid Transit Bandung di Kota Bandung. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori (Duncan, 1973), efektivitas dapat diukur dengan indikator pencapaian tujuan, integrasi, dan adaptasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat pengguna BRT Trans Bandung dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 196 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah mencapai angka 73% dan masuk dalam kategori efektif. Saran yang dapat direkomendasikan untuk penelitian ini adalah perlu dilaksanakan sosialisasi yang menyeluruh dan intensif, Dinas Perhubungan perlu melakukan pengkajian ulang jam operasional BRT Trans Bandung, mengkaji ulang letak halte BRT Trans Bandung dan memperbanyak jumlahnya, serta perlu disediakannya sistem park and ride di sekitar halte BRT Trans Bandung.

The implementation of Islamic values in children's education is an important effort to form good character and morals from an early age. Education based on Islamic values provides a strong foundation for children to understand the concepts of kindness, honesty, discipline, and responsibility. The purpose of this study is to find out how to apply Islamic values in children's education in Al Fikh Orchard Taman Setia kindergarten, Klang, Malaysia. This research uses a qualitative method with observation, interview, and documentation data collection techniques. The results of the research on the implementation of Islamic values in children's education are learning that integrates Islamic teachings, such as the concept of monotheism, worship, noble morals, and good social relationships, will guide children in living a life in accordance with religious principles. The implementation of habituation, example, and storytelling methods at Al Fikh Orchard Kindergarten is effective in instilling Islamic values in early childhood, with support from schools and families

The curriculum is like a spirit in learning, so it needs to be designed, implemented and evaluated to adjust to the times. The Islamic education curriculum needs to develop to meet needs. This study aims to determine the concept of the design of the Sufism-based Islamic education curriculum at the Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Jagad 'Alimussirry and its implementation. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The data collection techniques are through interviews, observations, and analysis of relevant documents. The results of this study indicate that the Sufism-based Religious education curriculum is very much needed to cultivate the spiritual aspects of students to balance the hegemony of the rationality aspect. A unique fact found is the implementation of the curriculum at the Jagad 'Alimussirry Islamic Boarding School which collaborates between the semester credit system and the tarekat system in the boarding school. Tarekat is the main part of the curriculum or compulsory courses that must be taken by all students. So that those who graduate from formal college also graduate from non-formal college and have carried out tarekat or spiritual journeys. Students who graduate from S1 will continue their S2 non-formally. By practicing this motto, it is hoped that the Jagad 'Alimussirry Islamic Boarding School students can get closer to Allah and achieve Allah's pleasure. Therefore, this study argues that Islamic education based on Sufism is a primary need to equip students in controlling themselves in the dynamics of life.

Clinical skills are essential competencies that serve as foundational provisions in medical education, particularly in shaping students’ readiness for professional practice. Two important psychological and behavioral attributes that influence the development of clinical skills are self-efficacy and self-directed learning readiness (SDLR). Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments, emphasizing the role of self-confidence in clinical tasks. Meanwhile, SDLR reflects a student's willingness and preparedness to take responsibility for their own learning, which is critical in the context of self-regulated and lifelong learning in medical education. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and SDLR on the clinical skill competencies of first-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University Semarang (UNIMUS). A quantitative, observational analytic study was conducted using a cross-sectional approach. The instruments used were the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS). The study involved 120 first-year medical students, selected through total sampling. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and clinical skills (p = 0.005; r = 0.254), and between SDLR and clinical skills (p = 0.009; r = 0.238). Although the correlation strength was weak, the direction was positive, suggesting that higher levels of self-efficacy and SDLR are associated with better clinical skills performance. These findings highlight the importance of fostering psychological readiness and self-directed learning habits among medical students to support the development of essential clinical competencies.

The use of video media in clinical skills education has been implemented at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang (UNIMUS) since 2019, particularly to enhance students’ understanding and skills in neuromotor physical examination. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of video-based teaching compared to conventional methods in clinical skills learning. A quantitative descriptive method with univariate analysis was used on 138 students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected from Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) scores and analyzed using a total sampling technique. The results showed that students who received video-based learning had significantly higher average OSCE scores (93.33 ± 8.918 SD in Block 1) than those who were taught without video media (68.12 ± 15.58 SD in Block 3). In Block 1, 98.6% of the students achieved the “excellent” score category, while only 26.1% of students in Block 3 reached the same level. These findings indicate that the use of teaching videos significantly improves students’ clinical skills and helps overcome the limitations of conventional methods, which tend to promote passive learning. Therefore, the implementation of video-based teaching media can be an effective method to improve the quality of clinical skills education, encourage active student participation, and support the achievement of optimal competencies in medical education. This approach not only enhances skill acquisition but also contributes to more engaging and student-centered learning experiences in the clinical education environment.