The COVID-19 pandemic has driven an increase in social media activity as a means of communication and expressing opinions, but it has also introduced new challenges to freedom of expression. This study aims to analyze policies restricting freedom of expression on social media during the pandemic from the perspective of constitutional law. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and legal document analysis. The study involved 15 informants, comprising legal experts, human rights activists, and social media users. Findings indicate that 60% of informants consider the restriction policies to be ambiguous and prone to misuse, while 40% support these policies for maintaining social stability. In this context, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) serves as the primary legal basis for these policies. Yet, its implementation is often criticized for conflicting with democratic principles and human rights. The study also reveals that while the policies have successfully reduced the spread of false information, their impact on freedom of expression is significant, including the removal of critical content targeting the government. This study highlights the need for more transparent, fair, and evidence-based policies to balance public protection and respect for individual rights. It contributes to constitutional law discourse by providing recommendations for policy revisions that are more responsive to the challenges of the digital era, particularly during crise

This article aims to examine the role of picture books in enhancing language skills in early childhood from the perspective of children's literature studies. Picture books are considered an effective medium in supporting children's language development because they combine visual and narrative elements that enrich the child's learning experience. Through picture books, children can not only develop vocabulary but also understand language structure, improve listening and speaking skills, and stimulate their imagination. This indicates that engaging and educational picture books can enhance children's language skills, particularly in word recognition, sentence development, and storytelling abilities. Therefore, picture books are a highly beneficial tool in improving language skills in early childhood and should be considered in early childhood education curricula.
 
 

Baro Gebang Beach has great potential to develop as a sustainable tourism destination. The main challenge in resource management is combining economic growth with environmental conservation. Fintech is present as an innovative solution to support tourism development in this area, by providing access to capital, community-based funding, and increasing operational efficiency. Through P2P lending, local craftsmen in Baro Gebang Beach can expand their businesses, create new jobs, and increase income. This literature review emphasizes the importance of digital literacy and cross-sector collaboration in creating an inclusive and sustainable tourism ecosystem.

This study is a quantitative research that aims to analyze and determine the ecological and economic valuation value of Bonleu water resources in South Central Timor district using the willingnes to accept method. This study is located in a place that uses primary data and secondary data collected using questionnaire methods, observation interviews and focus discussion groups and this study uses data analysis techniques in the form of descriptive statistical analysis methods and continuous valuation method (CVM) methods. The results of this study show that the level of education, land ownership, income, and the number of dependents in the family significantly affect and contribute to the public's perception of the need for environmental service rewards and the amount of environmental service rewards.

Abstrak. Kualitas ekonomi di negara-negara Asia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor sosial, keamanan, dan lingkungan yang kompleks. Penelitian ini menggunakan Generalized Linear Models (GLM), yaitu regresi Poisson dan Binomial Negatif, untuk menganalisis hubungan antara variabel-variabel seperti Governance, Social Capital, Safety and Security, Living Conditions, Education, dan Natural Environment terhadap tingkat kualitas ekonomi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model Poisson menghadapi keterbatasan karena adanya overdispersion, yang tercermin dari nilai AIC yang tidak terdefinisi dan residual deviance yang relatif tinggi. Sebaliknya, model Binomial Negatif lebih efektif dalam menangani data dengan variansi lebih besar dari rata-rata, menghasilkan nilai residual deviance yang lebih rendah dan AIC yang lebih baik. Dalam model Binomial Negatif, variabel Social Capital terbukti signifikan dengan koefisien yang menunjukkan pengaruh positif terhadap kualitas ekonomi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa model Binomial Negatif lebih cocok untuk memodelkan data kualitas ekonomi di kawasan Asia, dengan Social Capital sebagai variabel yang paling berpengaruh, yang akan memberikan wawasan yang berguna bagi pengambilan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas ekonomi di kawasan ini.

This study explores the impact of tourism on environmental health in the coastal tourist area of Ancol Beach, Jakarta. As a major tourist destination in North Jakarta, Ancol Beach has experienced significant growth in visitor numbers annually. While tourism in this area provides positive contributions such as boosting the local economy and creating employment opportunities, it also poses negative environmental impacts, particularly in terms of marine pollution and increased waste accumulation during peak tourist seasons. Using a qualitative approach, this research combines in- depth interviews and field observations to analyze these issues. The results indicate that, despite adequate waste management efforts, the surge in visitors creates challenges in maintaining environmental cleanliness and marine ecosystem health. Additionally, tourists' awareness of environmental responsibility tends to decline during high-traffic periods. This study recommends enhancing waste management facilities and intensifying environmental education to support sustainable tourism management at Ancol Beach.
 

This study aims to explore and analyze the implementation of public service principles in the Legal Bureau of the Central Kalimantan Provincial Secretariat. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, which aims to provide an in-depth understanding of public service practices applied in the agency. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with related parties, direct observation, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of public service principles such as transparency, accountability, responsiveness, and participation in the Legal Bureau of the Central Kalimantan Provincial Secretariat has been carried out well, although there are several challenges faced, such as limited human resources and adequate infrastructure. The improvement efforts made include increasing employee capacity and utilizing information technology to accelerate the service process. This study provides an important contribution in understanding the dynamics of public services in the legal sector and becomes a consideration for the improvement and development of the service system at the provincial government level. It is hoped that this study can be a reference for further research and to improve the quality of public services in Central Kalimantan.

Social conflicts in the oil palm plantation sector have become an increasingly prominent issue in various regions, with impacts that not only affect the relationship between parties, but also threaten and affect the sustainability of the industry, aspects of people's lives and the environment. Conflicts are often rooted in land disputes, dissatisfaction with compensation, and the environmental impacts of unsustainable plantation practices. This study aims to explore the impact of social conflicts on oil palm land expansion. It is hoped that this research can provide clear information about the relationship between social conflicts and oil palm land expansion, so that it can be used to find better solutions in managing and developing oil palm land in a more sustainable and equitable manner. The methods used are literature studies and literature reviews. Literature study is a research design used in collecting data sources related to topics. The collection of data sources for literature studies is carried out with a database search tool that is used as a stage to search for literature sources. The screening results from the journals that are appropriate and needed are 9 national articles. Based on the activities and journals, it was found and analyzed that the impact of social conflicts on the expansion of oil palm plantation land can have environmental, economic, and social impacts.

Desa Burno in Lumajang has experienced a significant surge in cardamom cultivation in line with evolving agricultural trends. While initially boosting farmers' incomes, this production explosion has led to a drastic decline in cardamom prices in the market. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the dominance of middlemen who control pricing and marketing, making it difficult for farmers to obtain fair prices. This article explores the dynamics of the cardamom market in Desa Burno, including the impact of mass planting trends on prices and the limitations faced by farmers due to middlemen influence. Through qualitative analysis, market data, and structured interviews, this research uncovers the challenges faced by cardamom farmers and provides recommendations for fairer marketing strategies. Additionally, the FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) behavior among farmers has contributed to the increased cultivation of cardamom, further worsening the market situation. This study aims to provide deeper insights into the relationship between cardamom agriculture, middlemen dominance, and FOMO behavior, while offering solutions to enhance the welfare of farmers in Desa Burno.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the game of throwing and catching to improve the learning outcomes of basic throwing and catching movements. This study was conducted on grade V students from one of the schools in Penjaringan District, North Jakarta City. With a total of 30 students who needed action. The design of this study used action research which was carried out through four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation and evaluation. This study, which consisted of two cycles, used data collection techniques in the form of observation and throwing and catching test instruments which were then processed with descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed an increase of 80% in students’ throwing and catching movements from the pre-cycle to cycle II. Thus, the implementation of the game method in improving learning basic throwing and catching movements has a significant influence. This study recommends that further research can package games with more interesting game names and focus on the development of movement and student enthusiasm.