Water is a very important need for living creatures on earth. Humans, animals, plants and other living creatures need water, clean water is very much needed and is a source of life for living creatures. However, bacteria or germs that cannot be seen by the eye are still detected in the water. The bacteria that are mostly detected in water are; Escherichia coli bacteria. Escherichia coli forms colonies that are convex, smooth with distinct edges, and round. Method used The qualitative literature review research method is an approach used to collect, evaluate, and synthesize studies in the scientific literature that are relevant to a particular topic. Based on research results, Escherichia coli bacteria are found in various types of water such as refillable drinking water, well water and river water as well as swimming pool water

Chromium ions is notably a hazardous heavy metal due to its toxic and carcinogenic nature, particularly in its hexavalent form, Cr(VI). One of the major Cr(VI) pollution source is from electroplating industry effluent, which may contain high concentrations that pose a risk of contamination of aquatic and soil ecosystems if not treated carefully. One of the alternative method known to be able to treat Cr(VI) wastewater is by using microbial fuel cell (MFC). This research focused on on the removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic electroplating wastewater using a 4L dual-chamber MFC under fed-batch condition, as well as investigating the impact of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations to its performance. Observed parameters include the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal and power density. Septage sludge and acetate were both used as biomass and substrate source respectively. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the highest Cr(VI) removal efficiency and power density were achieved using specific MLSS and COD concentration that resulting in F/M ratio of 0,459 to 0,489 gCOD/gMLSS. From initial Cr(VI) concentration of 50 mg/L, the highest removal was obtained by MFC running with initial MLSS and COD concentrations of 3.500 and 1.500 mg/L respectively, achieving 62,17% over 312 hours. This setup also produced the highest power density of 48,22 mW/m².

The diversity of macroalgae species in Indonesia's coastal ecosystems is important to understand and protect. Indonesia has a very long coastline and a variety of ecological conditions, from tropical to subtropical areas. This area provides a habitat that supports the growth of various macroalgae species. The method used is a qualitative research method analyzing the diversity of macroalgae species in Indonesian coastal ecosystems and the level of understanding of high school/MA level plant-like protists. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the level of understanding of SMA/MA students about plant-like protists is still low. Students have difficulty distinguishing between protists and true plants

Vocal and musical arts training at SD Negeri 01 Ungaran aims to improve students' musical abilities and develop artistic talents among teenagers. This program involves a series of activities such as vocal training, introduction to various musical instruments, and musical techniques. Through this training, students are expected to be able to understand the basics of good vocal technique, become familiar with various musical genres, and be able to perform confidently in various school events and competitions. Apart from that, this activity also aims to strengthen social relations between students through cooperation and collaboration in music groups. The results of this program show significant improvements in students' musical abilities as well as a greater appreciation for the art of music. With this training, it is hoped that it can cultivate a talented young generation and contribute to the world of musical arts in the future.

The purpose of the meta-analysis in this study is to explain and prove the relationship between Pentagon Fraud and Financial Report Fraud. The articles used in this meta-analysis were collected through electronic journals. There are five journals that can be studied qualitatively. The results show that previous research studies concluded that pressure and opportunities cause fraud in financial reports. Researchers found a weakness in previous research: the pressure variable focused too much on financial targets. So few people pay attention to external pressure.
 
 

The rapid development of the current era has given rise to various advances in the world of technology, one of which is marked by the presence of crypto assets. Crypto assets themselves have been widely used for various purposes in various countries, including Indonesia. However, of all the regulations regarding activities related to crypto assets, there is not a single regulation that explains the actual status of the property rights of these crypto assets. The purpose of writing this article is to determine the status of property rights and the acquisition of property rights from crypto assets. The type of research used is normative research by examining legal materials consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Based on the results of this research, it was found that crypto assets can be said to be objects, in this case specifically intangible objects, movable objects, and some are consumable objects and non-consumable objects. According to the Civil Code, the method of obtaining the right is divided into several ways, namely claim, handover, inheritance, expiration, and withdrawal.
 

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved from a philanthropic initiative to an important strategic component of global business operations. CSR is now seen as an element that influences a company's image, financial performance, and stakeholder relationships. Effective CSR implementation can provide a range of benefits to international companies, including enhanced reputation, customer loyalty, and operational efficiency. This article explores the impact of CSR on firm performance by analyzing case studies from five countries: Turkey, Nigeria, China, Bangladesh, and Spain. The research method used is a qualitative meta-analysis to identify common patterns and findings from various studies. The results show that CSR implementation has a significant impact on firm performance, although it varies depending on the geographical and industry context. This article highlights the importance of a systematic approach in integrating CSR to achieve optimal results for companies.

Utilization of new technologies in asphalt mixture production includes soaking technologies that can enhance mechanical properties of the mixture. This research aims to evaluate pavement vulnerability to water and the environmental quality impact due to waste from used rubber tires as an effort to strengthen pavements by substituting asphalt. The variables studied are variations of used rubber tire waste at 0%, 2%, 3%, and 4% replacing asphalt content in AC-BC mixtures. Testing was conducted using the Marshall method by soaking the mixtures in water for normal duration, 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 72 hours. The test results indicate that higher percentages of used rubber tire waste and longer soaking durations lead to a decrease in AC-BC mixture characteristics. The Marshall value of the AC-BC mixture with 2% used rubber tire waste was found to be superior compared to mixtures with 0%, 3%, and 4%. From the data analysis conducted, it can be concluded that water has a negative influence on the Marshall value reduction of mixtures containing used rubber tire waste, correlating with increased soaking duration.

Education aims to improve the quality of human life which is technically through lectures. A good lecture produces a positive influence on students' ability. The interaction between lecturers and students in the class is an important role in achieving the goals. Linear Algebra is an important subject in the Mathematic. Many students think that Linear Algebra are difficult. Linear Algebra at the Faculty of Computer Science, Dharma AUB University of Surakarta have not been able to improve students' understanding of Linear Algebra concepts. Because of class that are centered on lecturers. Based on the description above, the author applies the TAPPS (Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving) cooperative learning model to increase concept understanding of Linear Algebra. Formulation of the problem in this research: "Is there an increase concept understanding of Linear Algebra after using the TAPPS learning model?". This research is a qualitative descriptive group with the type of Classroom Action Research. The data used are field notes and documentation. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is an increase in understanding of the concept of Linear Algebra through the TAPPS (Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving) model.

Marketing research plays a crucial role in the context of modern business today. To achieve the desired level of accuracy and benefit, it is vital to conduct this research using the appropriate method. Within the scope of marketing research, there is a significant debate between the use of probability and nonprobability methods. Each method has different strengths and weaknesses in producing quality research data. Therefore, it is essential to perform a comprehensive analysis to understand the benefits and consequences offered by both approaches. From this analysis, a better understanding of the most suitable method choice for each situation and marketing research need will be generated. By using the right method, researchers can maintain the level of validity and reliability of the data obtained. This step is crucial to ensure that the results of marketing research can serve as an accurate and useful guide for business decision-making.