The democratic journey of the Indonesian nation has always experienced quite brilliant ups and downs and is not in accordance with the norms of good civility. By disobeying various things that always prioritize various principles of democracy and social life for society. The Constitutional Court (MK) as an institution that safeguards the constitution and protects the supremacy of law in Indonesia plays an important role in ensuring the sustainability of democratic principles and the protection of human rights. However, in recent years, the dignity of the Constitutional Court has often been questioned due to various controversies surrounding the integrity, independence and legitimacy of this institution. This article aims to analyze the causes and impacts of the collapse of the MK's dignity on legal governance and democratic stability in Indonesia. Using a normative-empirical approach, this article discusses the challenges faced by the Constitutional Court, including political interference, external pressure, and internal problems related to the code of ethics and professionalism of judges. This study found that the legitimacy crisis experienced by the Constitutional Court not only damaged the credibility of the institution but also threatened the stability of the law and constitutional order in Indonesia.

The implementation of police discretion in the process of investigating criminal defamation cases shows that discretion is an important instrument for police officers in assessing, determining, and following up on a criminal report based on urgency, public interest, and the principles of proportionality and professionalism. In cases of defamation, which are often subjective and private, discretion allows investigators to consider various factors such as motive, impact, and the possibility of resolution outside the criminal path. Factors Affecting the Implementation of Police Discretion in the Process of Investigating Criminal Defamation Cases show that discretion is not carried out absolutely, but is influenced by various internal and external factors, namely: Legal and Regulatory Aspects, Case Characteristics, Professionalism and Ethics of Investigators, Social and Environmental Pressure, Facilities and Resources. Police Discretion should be regulated more clearly in positive law other than Law Number 2 of 2002 and the Criminal Procedure Code so that the principles of Legal Certainty and Respect for Human Rights are more apparent. Police offices need to provide special facilities such as mediation rooms that are neutral, comfortable, and support the creation of a dialogical atmosphere between the disputing parties. Increasing the number of investigators and managing a more balanced workload will provide space for investigators to consider the discretionary path more seriously without sacrificing work efficiency. The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for discretion at the Polres level needs to be adjusted to local socio-cultural characteristics. In Gorontalo, for example, a legal approach that is sensitive to family values and customs must be officially accommodated in work procedures.

Sustainable business transformation has become a cornerstone of modern corporate strategy in addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. The Sustainability-Led Innovation (SLI) approach provides an innovation framework that embeds sustainability principles into business models, fostering organizational adaptability and long-term value creation. This study aims to (1) identify the mechanisms for integrating SLI into sustainable business models, (2) evaluate SLI’s contribution to competitive advantage, and (3) analyze the development of dynamic capabilities to support sustainability initiatives. By combining the Sustainability-Driven Business Model Innovation (SBMI), Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), and Triple Bottom Line (TBL) frameworks, this qualitative research utilizes in-depth interviews and document analysis of culinary SMEs in Malang. Findings reveal that organizations adopting SLI achieve higher operational efficiency, respond more agilely to regulatory changes, and attract stronger consumer loyalty. These insights underscore the necessity of embedding sustainable innovation strategies into long-term business planning to secure resilient competitive advantage.

The research aims to analyze the concept of social work punishment based on the National Criminal Code (KUHP) and formulate an ideal model for its implementation from the perspective of criminal law reform policy. The research background originates from the conditions of correctional institutions experiencing overcrowding and over-capacity, coupled with negative societal stigmatization towards convicts, which demonstrates the continued dominance of an absolute and retributive punishment paradigm. The research urgency lies in the necessity of an in-depth study of social work punishment as one of the new legal instruments in the National Criminal Code that prioritizes restorative and rehabilitative values. The research methodology employs a normative juridical approach with descriptive specifications, conducted through a literature study and qualitative analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The research novelty focuses on a comprehensive examination of social work punishment within the context of Indonesian criminal law reform. The research findings indicate that social work punishment in the National Criminal Code represents a penalization aimed at restorative and rehabilitative objectives, signifying a paradigm shift in punishment goals, with its ideal implementation model being a product of criminal legal politics that utilizes a rational approach to achieve social order and community welfare in accordance with the procedural mechanism outlined in Article 85 of the National Criminal Code.
 
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsep pidana kerja sosial berdasarkan KUHP Nasional dan merumuskan model ideal penerapannya dalam perspektif kebijakan pembaruan hukum pidana. Latar belakang penelitian bermula dari kondisi lembaga pemasyarakatan yang mengalami overcrowding dan overcapacity, serta stigmatisasi negatif masyarakat terhadap terpidana, yang menunjukkan masih dominannya paradigma pemidanaan bersifat absolut dan sekadar pembalasan. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada perlunya kajian mendalam tentang pidana kerja sosial sebagai salah satu instrumen hukum baru dalam KUHP Nasional yang mengedepankan nilai restoratif dan rehabilitatif. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif, melalui studi kepustakaan dan analisis kualitatif terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Kebaharuan penelitian fokus pada kajian komprehensif pidana kerja sosial dalam konteks pembaruan hukum pidana Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pidana kerja sosial dalam KUHP Nasional merupakan pemidanaan bertujuan restoratif dan rehabilitatif, yang menandakan pergeseran paradigma tujuan pemidanaan, dengan model ideal penerapannya merupakan produk politik hukum pidana yang menggunakan pendekatan rasional untuk mencapai ketertiban dan kesejahteraan masyarakat sesuai mekanisme prosedural Pasal 85 KUHP Nasional.

The rise of digital technology has influenced Indonesian millennials' financial behavior, especially in digital investment. However, wider access to financial products is not matched with adequate understanding, often leading to impulsive decisions. This highlights the gap between financial inclusion and financial literacy, making it crucial to study how literacy affects investment behavior in the digital era. This research examines how millennial financial literacy impacts investment behavior and how the digital environment moderates this effect. A quantitative method was used with data from 200 millennials engaged in digital investment, collected through an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA). Results show that financial literacy significantly and positively influences investment behavior (p < 0.001). Moreover, the digital era strengthens this effect—active use of fintech and online communities amplifies the impact of financial literacy on rational investment choices. Financial literacy, investment behavior, and digital factors are interlinked. The study's findings are valuable for developing digital-based financial education and designing investment platforms that both guide and align with millennial traits.

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced significant challenges, particularly in managing electronic noise, which can degrade system performance and data accuracy. This study explores the integration of IoT with edge computing as a novel approach to mitigate electronic noise. By leveraging edge computing, data processing is performed locally, reducing transmission distances and enhancing real-time noise reduction. The research employs a combination of field experiments and computational simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of this integration. Key metrics such as noise reduction level, system latency, energy efficiency, and signal quality were measured before and after the implementation of noise mitigation technologies. Results indicate a significant reduction in electronic noise, with noise levels decreasing from 75 dB to 55 dB (a 26.67% reduction). System latency improved by 66.67%, dropping from 120 ms to 40 ms, while energy efficiency increased by 30%. Signal quality, measured by Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), improved by 100%, from 10 dB to 20 dB. These findings demonstrate that the integration of IoT and edge computing effectively mitigates electronic noise, enhances system performance, and optimizes energy consumption. The study concludes with recommendations for further optimization of signal processing algorithms and testing in more complex industrial environments.

In today’s complex organizational environment, Emotional Intelligence (EI) plays a critical role in shaping the quality of economic decision-making by managers. This study investigates how the dimensions of EI—namely self-awareness, emotional regulation, and empathy—influence strategic decision processes across various industries. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with thematic analysis, data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with 10 senior managers, supported by observations and organizational documents. The findings reveal that EI serves as an internal mechanism that stabilizes cognitive processes under organizational pressure, reduces decision bias, and enhances the social legitimacy of economic decisions. The integration of EI fosters a balance between rational analysis and affective insight, leading to more ethical and adaptive decisions. This study offers an integrative model connecting EI dimensions with key stages of economic decision-making and provides practical implications for managerial training and organizational policy. It advocates for interdisciplinary approaches to better understand emotionally-informed economic behavior.

n recent years, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives have sprouted into the front and center of both the global and national investment stage. In Indonesia, while the regulators and corporations have made their attempt in the promotion of ESG practices, how much such practices are construed to be influential in investment decisions remains ambiguous. Therefore, this study aims at providing an empirical study of the impact of ESG initiatives on investment decisions in the Indonesian capital market, evaluate which ESG dimension is most influential, and look at the mediating role of investor perception. This study adopts a quantitative explanatory approach, using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), with an estimation of 135 firms' ESG data along with the perceptions of 200 investors. The findings indicate that ESG initiatives exert a significant influence on investment decisions, and governance is the most prominent factor. Moreover, it was found that investor perception has a considerable mediating role in the relationship between ESG and investment decisions. This study thus offers a new approach to the literature on ESG in Indonesia, as it integrates and contextualizes the results while emphasizing the key role of investor perception in sustainable investment decision-making.

The metaverse has emerged as a new domain within the digital economy, offering decentralized and participatory ecosystems driven by digital assets such as NFTs, tokens, and cryptocurrencies. Platforms like Decentraland, Roblox, and The Sandbox represent varied models of economic governance and user engagement. However, effective economic management strategies in these virtual environments remain underdeveloped. This study explores how the three platforms manage digital economies, focusing on asset governance, community incentives, and risk dynamics. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis, and then thematically analyzed using NVivo software. Results show decentraland emphasizes DAO-based transparency, Roblox relies on centralized monetization, and The Sandbox balances both in a hybrid model. The study concludes that successful economic strategies in the metaverse require integrating governance structures, incentive mechanisms, and social user interaction. These findings offer insights for building more adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable digital economic frameworks in virtual ecosystems.

This article explores the marketing strategies implemented by various banking institutions in Semarang City through a literature review approach. The study aims to analyze marketing practices that focus on service quality, customer satisfaction, community-based engagement, and Sharia-compliant innovation. The findings indicate that banks such as PT. BPR BKK Kota Semarang, Bank Jateng, BPR Arto Moro, and Bank Syariah Mitra Harmoni employ various strategies to reach diverse market segments by enhancing service quality, strengthening community ties, and integrating local cultural and Islamic values into their financial products. These strategies have been proven to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study provides both theoretical and practical contributions to the development of locally responsive bank marketing strategies aligned with social and cultural needs.