Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif komparatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Boyolali, yang kemudian terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu mengikuti bimbingan belajar dan tidak mengikuti bimbingan belajar. Jumlah sampel yaitu sebanyak 100 siswa. Untuk memperoleh sampel yang representatif, maka kelompok siswa yang tidak mengikuti bimbingan belajar diambil sejumlah 50 siswa dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data penelitian diambil menggunakan skala self-efficacy yang terdiri dari 26 aitem. Skala self-efficacy mempunyai koefisien validitas aitem antara 0.315 sampai dengan 0.707 dan koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0.924 Metode analisis data menggunakan teknik komparasi T-Test Two Independent Sample dengan bantuan program SPSS 16.0 for windows diperoleh nilai t = 6,230 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p< 0,05), hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada self-efficacy siswa dalam menghadapi ujian nasional antara siswa yang mengikuti bimbinngan belajar dengan siswa yang tidak mengikuti bimbingan belajar. Self-efficacy siswa dalam menghadapi ujian nasional yang mengikuti bimbingan belajar lebih tinggi dibandingkan siswa yang tidak mengikuti bimbingan belajar.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi berprestasi dengan minat membaca yang ada pada anak kelas V di SD Negeri 1 Doplang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional. Subyek penelitian ini berjumlah 32 siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Data penelitian diambil menggunakan angket motivasi berprestasi dan angket minat membaca. Skala motivasi berprestasi terdiri dari 31 aitem valid dengan koefisien validitas aitem antara 0,380 sampai dengan 0,756 dan koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,953. Skala minat membaca pada anak terdiri dari 31 aitem valid dengan koefisien validitas aitem antara 0,364 sampai dengan 0,745 dan dan koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,947. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai signifikansi atau p = 0,000 dengan koefisien korelasi r = 0,895 menunjukkan ada hubungan positif yang signifikan antara motivasi berprestasi dengan minat membaca pada anak kelas V SD Negeri 1 Doplang. Tingginya motivasi berprestasi siswa diikuti dengan tingginya minat membaca pada anak tersebut dan sebaliknya. Tingkat motivasi berprestasi siswa berada pada kriteria rendah yaitu sebesar 53,1% dan indikator yang paling berpengaruh dalam motivasi berprestasi yaitu perilaku yang timbul dan terarah. Tingkat minat membaca pada subyek berada dalam kriteria rendah, yaitu sebesar 56,2% dan indikator yang paling berpengaruh dalam minat membaca yaitu kesadaran akan manfaat membaca.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa penerima beasiswa bidik misi Jurusan Psikologi Universitas Negeri Semarang yang berjumlah 66 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling yang berjumlah 66 mahasiswa penerima beasiswa bidik misi. Data penelitian diambil menggunakan skala konsep diri akademik, dengan jumlah item 36 yang valid dengan koefisien alpha cronbach reliabilitasnya sebesar 0,921. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data deskriptif dengan metode statistik deskriptif prosentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar atau 63,6 persen (42 orang) menyatakan dirinya memiliki konsep diri akademik pada kategori tinggi. Sedangkan yang termasuk dalam kriteria sedang sebesar 28,7 persen (19 orang), dan kriteria rendah sebesar 7,7 persen (5 orang). Dari tiga dimensi konsep diri akademik yang diteliti, yaitu dimensi pengetahuan individu mengenai dirinya sendiri, pengharapan individu mengenai dirinya sendiri, dan penilaian individu mengenai dirinya sendiri berada pada kategori yang tinggi.

Based on the observations that have been made, it is shown that students' mathematical communication skills are still relatively low so that an innovative learning model is needed to improve students' mathematical communication skills. This study aims to see whether the improvement in students' mathematical communication skills taught with the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model is higher than the mathematical communication skills of students taught with the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model and to see how the improvement in mathematical communication skills taught with the two models. This study is a study that is included in the quasi-experimental category with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects in this study were 62 students in grades VIII-A and VIII-E of SMP Negeri 4 Balige. Based on the research that has been done, the results of the N-Gain test were obtained with an average N-Gain value in experimental class 1, namely 0.813 in accordance with the Gain index criteria in the high category and the average N-Gain value in experimental class 2, namely 0.693 in accordance with the Gain index criteria in the medium category. Based on the research that has been done, because the data is normally distributed and homogeneous, the hypothesis test is carried out using the t-test. Through the t-test that has been done, it was obtained that , namely 2.465>2.000. Therefore  is rejected, which means that the increase in mathematical communication skills of students taught with the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model is higher than those taught with the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model.

This research analyzes the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 14 of 2023 concerning Carbon Trading through the Carbon Exchange, particularly related to the implementation of the principle of efficiency in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The methodology employed is normative research with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, along with the analysis of primary and secondary legal materials through literature study and syllogistic methods. The findings indicate that the principles of good legislative regulation and the principle of legality have not been optimally implemented, hindering the efficiency of carbon trading. Identified obstacles include the type, hierarchy, and substance of the regulation, the institutional framework governing carbon trading, and contradictions within the regulation. The research recommends that carbon trading be regulated under a specific law with a dedicated body focusing on this issue, along with adherence to the principles of good legislative formation. The author advises the government, through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Financial Services Authority, to review carbon trading regulations, optimize the authority of the governing body, and ensure that the principle of efficiency is fulfilled.
 
 

ABSTRAK
 In the same context, leadership and trust are related in an organization or activity. Having trust in leaders has a positive impact on results such as good behavior as well as job satisfaction and engagement. Leadership refers to a person's way of leading, directing and managing the stages of an organization to achieve a predetermined goal. In the context of this research, we use Visionary and Transformational leadership methods where as a leader develops his vision in leading to provide good direction and as a transformational leader he needs to be aware of change and must create a new vision and implement changes to that vision.
 Leadership and trust have factors that support building positive relationships, namely freedom from fear, communication, interaction, personal involvement, and honesty. This research uses Visionary and Transformational leadership methods where developing a vision as a leader in leading to provide good direction and as a transformational leader needs to be aware of change and must create a new vision and implement changes with a clear vision and mission regarding the future of the organization or a group that can direct actions to achieve goals
 

Perpetrators and parties related to misuse of social media in general elections, such as spreading fake news or hoaxes and spreading hate speech, may be subject to criminal sanctions as stated in the provisions of the article of the law. The method used in preparing this research is normative juridical with a conceptual approach and a statutory approach, especially the  ITE Law, the Criminal Code to further examine law enforcement regarding the misuse of social media in building public opinion in the 2024 General Election (Pemilu).In practice, Law concerning Information and Electronic Transactions itself is still not effective because it is seen as tending to limit freedom of expression and bias in its implementation. There are no standard standards for determining activities that can be considered misuse of social media. Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections does not regulate the anticipation of misuse of social media in general elections using a repressive approach or imposing criminal sanctions.

Supervision in regional government governance is very important to create effective, efficient and transparent government. Pangandaran District faces major challenges in supervision, including low transparency, community participation, misalignment of program planning and implementation, and low accountability. This research analyzes the effectiveness of supervision in Pangandaran, identifying obstacles, and providing recommendations for improvement. Using qualitative methods and literature studies, the research results show the need for increased transparency, community participation, harmonized planning and accountability. Implementation of these recommendations is expected to improve government governance and increase public trust.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi mahasiswa tentang harapan orang tua terhadap pendidikan dengan ketakutan akan kegagalan pada mahasiswa jurusan Psikologi Universitas Negeri Semarang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa jurusan Psikologi UNNES, sejumlah 38 mahasiswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan skala persepsi tentang harapan orang tua terhadap pendidikan terdiri dari 36 item (? = 0,971) dan skala ketakutan akan kegagalan yang terdiri dari 46 item (? = 0,943). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa mempersepsikan harapan orang tuanya dalam kriteria tinggi. Adapun ketakutan akan kegagalan mahasiswa jurusan Psikologi UNNES termasuk dalam kriteria tinggi. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan nilai r = 0,66 dengan p = 0.00 (p < 0.05) berarti ada hubungan positif antara persepsi tentang harapan orang tua terhadap pendidikan dengan ketakutan akan kegagalan pada mahasiswa jurusan Psikologi UNNES. Semakin tinggi harapan orang tua yang dipersepsi oleh mahasiswa maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat ketakutan akan kegagalan. Sumbangan efektif persepsi terhadap harapan orang tua dalam penelitian ini sebesar 43,6%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut peneliti memberikan saran bahwa orang tua diharapkan untuk lebih terbuka menerima harapan, keinginan dan ketakutan mahasiswa mengenai kehidupan akademiknya dengan cara memberikan dukungan positif berupa motivasi, perhatian dan pemahaman terhadap kelebihan dan kekurangan anak serta memberikan pemahaman bahwa orang tua mengharapkan prestasi sebaik-baiknya sesuai dengan kemampuan anak, bukan tuntutan untuk selalu unggul dan cepat menyelesaikan studi.

This research was carried out with the aim of finding out how to calculate Trend  Analysis (Index Number Series Analysis) in PT Timah Tbk financial reports and how to explain the results of calculations using Trend Analysis (Index Number Series Analysis). The research approach uses a quantitative type using secondary data collected using documentation and literature study methods. By analyzing financial report data at PT Timah Tbk. The technique for collecting secondary data is carried out using documentation techniques. namely by collecting company financial reports from December 31 2020. 2021. 2022. 2023 and March 31 2024. Data is collected from the official IDX website. namely (www.idx.co.id) by downloading . The research results show that the financial trend analysis of PT Timah Tbk from 2020 to 2024 shows significant changes in various aspects of the company's finances. PT Timah Tbk succeeded in increasing its total equity. major challenges in maintaining revenue and cost efficiency led to a decrease in overall profitability. In research. researchers have an interest in time and knowledge. which results in less comprehensive research results and obtaining limited information.