This study investigates the effect of interactive learning in traditional dance education on students’ critical thinking skills at the senior high school level. The background highlights the dominance of rote-based teaching in dance classes and the lack of reflective and analytical approaches that can foster students’ higher-order thinking. A quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design was employed, involving 72 tenth-grade students from several high schools in South Jakarta. The experimental group received interactive dance instruction integrating reflection, interpretation, and peer discussion, while the control group received conventional instruction. Data were collected through critical thinking tests, classroom observations, and student perception questionnaires. The results showed a significant improvement in the experimental group’s critical thinking scores, with a posttest average of 88.2 and a gain score of 0.71 (high category), compared to the control group’s posttest average of 66.7 and gain score of 0.21 (low category). Paired t-test and independent t-test analyses confirmed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Observation and questionnaire data revealed that students in the interactive group exhibited higher engagement in critical thinking activities such as interpretation, evaluation, and reasoning. These findings confirm that interactive dance learning not only enhances aesthetic understanding but also promotes critical thinking, making it a valuable pedagogical approach for 21st-century education.

This study explores the development of integrated language skills assessment instruments for Korean as a foreign language (KFL) learners in higher education, addressing the need for tools that reflect real-world communicative demands. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as Bachman and Palmer's Communicative Language Ability model[1] and Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory[2], the research employed a mixed-methods approach, including needs analysis[6], corpus studies, and pilot testing. The research process involved three primary phases: First, a comprehensive needs analysis was conducted among KFL instructors and students to identify assessment gaps and priorities. Second, authentic Korean language materials were collected to create a corpus that informed the development of contextualized assessment tasks. Finally, the instruments underwent rigorous pilot testing with 127 KFL students across three Indonesian universities.The developed assessment instruments integrate reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills through task-based scenarios that mirror authentic Korean language use contexts. These include collaborative problem-solving activities, multimedia-based comprehension tasks, and culturally situated role-plays. Statistical analysis demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (r=0.87) and construct validity when compared with established Korean proficiency measures.Results demonstrated the instruments' reliability, validity, and cultural relevance, fostering holistic skill development and promoting positive washback on teaching and learning practices. Implementation of these instruments led to significant improvements in students' integrated language performance and motivation. The study contributes to the field of Korean language assessment by providing empirically validated tools that bridge classroom learning with real-world language application in higher education contexts.

This study aims to analyze the Integration of Character Values in the Management of Independent Curriculum-Based Learning in State Elementary School 2, Selat Penuguan District, Banyuasin Regency. Data collection tools use interview methods, documentation, observation and literature review. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis with research stages that refer to the theory of Miles and Huberman, namely collecting data, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of the study stated that the integration of character values in learning based on the Independent Curriculum at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District has been running well through 3 stages, namely 1) integration of character values into learning planning based on the Independent Curriculum as an effort to strengthen the character of students at SD Negeri 2,  Selat Penuguan District; 2) integration of character values into the implementation of learning as an effort to strengthen the character of students at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District; 3) integration of character values into learning evaluations. Integrated learning planning with character values at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District The character values instilled at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District include (1) faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character; (2) independence; (3) mutual cooperation; (4) global diversity; (5) critical reasoning; and (6) creative.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of flashcard media in music learning, especially in helping students understand music theory and increase motivation to play music through a fun and interactive approach. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study identified, evaluated, and synthesized eight selected scientific articles published between 2015-2025. The selection process was based on PRISMA guidelines and Zawacki-Richter's SLR model, including the formulation of research questions, screening of articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessment of study quality. The results showed that the use of flashcards - both in manual and digital form - consistently contributed positively to the improvement of rhythmic ability, understanding of notation concepts, and affective engagement of learners from various levels. Flashcards proved effective in simplifying complex musical material into concrete visual representations, strengthening long-term memory through retrieval practice and spaced repetition techniques. Furthermore, the integration of flashcards in project-based pedagogical approaches (PjBL), character learning, as well as digital technologies such as apps and AR, shows great potential in enriching music learning experiences that are inclusive, collaborative and meaningful. Therefore, this study recommends the continued development of interactive technology-based flashcard media as a future music learning innovation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of physical and technological infrastructure on student learning outcomes at SDN 48 Tana Bacue Kec. Segeri Pangkajene and Islands Regency. Data collection using questionnaires, documentation, observation and interviews. The purpose of this study was to determine partially and simultaneously the effect of physical infrastructure and technology on student learning outcomes at SDN 48 Tana Bacue Kec. Segeri Pangkajene and Islands Regency. The results of the research that have been conducted show that the results of this study concluded that there is an influence of physical infrastructure and technology on student learning outcomes at SDN 48 Tana Bacue Kec. Segeri Pangkajene and Islands Regency. Likewise, there is an influence of the Technology variable on Student Learning Outcomes at SDN 48 Tana Bacue Kec. Segeri Pangkajene and Islands Regency. The results of this study concluded that Physical Infrastructure and Technology have a significant influence on Student Learning Outcomes at SDN 48 Tana Bacue Kec. Segeri Pangkajene and Islands Regency.

This study aims to find out and analyze: (1) The relationship between the principal's communication and teacher performance; (2) The relationship between the principal's academic supervision and teacher performance; and (3) The relationship between the principal's communication and the principal's academic supervision on teacher performance. This study is a quantitative research with a partial correlation method. This research was conducted at SD Negeri Pemulutan Selatan which consisted of 38 teachers and 5 principals so that the total number of respondents was 43. The data collection technique uses questionnaires and documentation. The validation test uses construct validity while the reality test uses Cronbachh's Alpha. The prerequisite test for analysis uses normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity test, and the data is analyzed using simple regression and multiple regression techniques. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was a positive and significant relationship between the principal's communication and teacher performance with a correlation value of 0.923 with a relationship percentage of 85% while 15% was determined by other factors that were not mentioned. (2) There was a positive and significant relationship between the principal's academic supervision and teacher performance with a correlation value of 0.946 with a relationship percentage of 89%, while 11% was determined by other factors that were not mentioned. (3) There was a positive and significant relationship between the principal's communication and the principal's academic supervision on teacher performance with a correlation value of 0.953 with a relationship percentage of 91%, while 9% was determined by other factors not mentioned in this study.

This study aims to analyse the effect of applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model based on the Marind Tribe's life principles on the development of students' compassion. The approach used was quantitative with a quasi-experiment design using Nonequivalent (Pretest and Posttest) Control Group Design. The research subjects consisted of 120 students at SD YPPK St Tarsisius Biankuk, SD YPPK St Fransiskus Xaverius I, and SD YPPK Sta. Theresia Buti Merauke, which were divided into experimental and control classes. Data analysis was conducted using the Independent Sample t-test with the help of SPSS IBM 23. The results showed that the application of the PBL model significantly improved students' compassion attitudes, with a calculated t value (50.842) > t table (1.981) and p-value (0.000) < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the experimental and control classes.

This study examines the correlation between reading interest and writing ability of STIKOM Yos Sudarso Purwokerto students as an effort to understand the relationship between two basic literacy skills in the context of higher education. Low interest in reading is often blamed as one of the causes of students' weak writing skills, which impacts their academic quality and critical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the extent to which reading interest affects students' writing skills, as well as provide an initial mapping of literacy conditions in the campus environment. The method used is quantitative with a correlational approach. Data was collected through questionnaires to measure reading interest levels and writing tests to assess students' writing ability. The analysis was carried out by Pearson correlation statistical test. The results of the study showed a significant positive correlation between students' reading interest and writing ability. The higher the students' interest in reading, the better their writing skills, especially in terms of writing structure, vocabulary use, and logical argumentation. These findings reinforce the assumption that active reading habits can promote significant improvements in writing skills. Therefore, a learning strategy is needed that is able to foster a literacy culture among students.

This study aimed to determine how much income affects teacher work discipline in all MTS throughout south Bolaang Mongondow, A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing a descriptive quantitative method with a sample size of 38 teachers. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was performed using simple regression analysis. The study's results reveal a positive and significant relationship between income and teacher work discipline in all MTS throughout South Bolaang Mongondow. The coefficient of determination obtained from the regression model is 0,587, indicating that 58.7% of the variability in work discipline is explained by income. In other words, higher income correlates with iproved work discipline among teachers. Meanwhile, 41.3% of the variation in teacher word discipline is attributed to other factors not examined in this study.

This paper examines how The Picture Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde marks a critical turn in which he critiques late-Victorian upper-class privilege and moral immunity. While previous scholarship has predominantly analyzed the novel as a moral allegory or aesthetic treatise, this study employs cultural materialism as a theoretical framework to demonstrate how Wilde uses Dorian’s isolation of his portrait and subsequent hedonistic experimentation as symbolic representations of the aristocracy’s ability to shield him from moral and social consequences. Wilde’s text reveals how the English aristocracy could embody ideals of beauty and reap princely treatment while committing debauchery without reproach. Through Culler’s close reading method toward this novel, especially chapters eight and nine, this analysis reveals how Dorian’s act of hiding the portrait symbolizes social denial, while his obsessive aesthetic consumption reflects the practices of the leisure class. This shows that Wilde hints Dorian’s social circle accepts his sensual life simply because his appearance remains unmarred–a commentary on class privilege. By examining the specific textual elements and historical context of—especially—chapters eight and nine of this novel, this study contributes to the understanding of how Wilde’s novel serves as both a product of and commentary on the class structures and moral hypocrisy of late-Victorian England.