Shrimp shell waste is a potential marine biomass resource rich in bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin and chitin, yet remains underutilized in the livestock sector. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating shrimp shell meal into duck (Anas sp.) feed rations on the yolk color intensity of duck eggs. The experimental design applied a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor and four treatments: D0 (100% rice bran, control), A1 (rice bran + 2% shrimp shell meal), A2 (rice bran + 6%), and A3 (rice bran + 10%), with a 21-day observation period. The primary parameter measured was yolk color intensity, assessed visually using a standardized color scale. The results indicated that the addition of shrimp shell meal significantly enhanced yolk color intensity, with the highest pigmentation observed in the A3 treatment. Astaxanthin, functioning as a natural carotenoid pigment, was biologically absorbed and distributed into the yolk via lipophilic pathways, while chitin supported gut health and nutrient absorption efficiency. This study aligns with the principles of the circular economy by valorizing marine processing waste as a functional feed ingredient. A 10% inclusion rate was found to be visually optimal; however, further studies are required to assess its physiological impacts and economic feasibility in broader production contexts.

The low learning outcomes of students in Biology learning at SMA Negeri 1 Tutuyan is the background for the need for learning innovations that are able to increase active participation and conceptual understanding. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Group Investigation learning model in improving student learning outcomes in Cell materials. The research used a pseudo-experiment method with a one group pretest-posttest design. The research sample amounted to 35 students from class XI Science who were selected purposefully. The instruments used were multiple-choice tests, pre-tests and post-tests of 25 questions for each test. The results showed an increase in the average score from 23.14 in the pre-test to 83.14 in the post-test. Inferential data analysis using the t-test showed a t-calculated value of 89.55, far above the t-table at a significance level of 5%. The category of student learning outcomes has also undergone significant changes, from a very low majority to a high and very high majority. The application of the Group Investigation model encourages students to be active in investigation, group discussions, and independent learning, which strengthens their collective and individual mastery of the material. These findings prove that the Group Investigation model is effective in improving learning outcomes, and can be implemented as a learning strategy in the Independent Learning Curriculum. This study contributes to the development of cooperative learning models in the context of Biology learning at the high school level, and can be replicated in other materials and levels to strengthen its effectiveness.

Understanding of Mathematics concepts is an important factor in determining students' learning success. However, the results of observations at SDN 33 Kalumbuk showed that fifth grade students still had difficulty in understanding Mathematics concepts. This can be seen from the low level of learning completion, which was only 36.84% in class VA and 33% in class VB. The low understanding of concepts is caused by the lack of interactive learning methods, so that students get bored easily and are less involved in the learning process. This article discusses the importance of understanding concepts in Mathematics learning and solutions that can be applied to improve student understanding. One of the proposed strategies is the use of the Make a Match learning model, which can increase student engagement and help them understand concepts more concretely and interestingly. In addition, problem-solving approaches, the use of visual media, group discussions, and continuous evaluation can also be applied to improve learning effectiveness. By implementing innovative and interactive learning methods, it is hoped that students' understanding of Mathematics concepts can improve, so that they are better prepared to face academic challenges and are able to apply Mathematics concepts in everyday life.
 
 

This research aims to examine the learning methods and challenges faced by several students when solving mathematics problems regarding number patterns, with an emphasis on analyzing students' thinking processes. This study employs an approach to analyze students' ways of thinking. In this study, a qualitative approach is used with a case study method on a group of junior high school students. Information was collected through observations and analysis of students' work. The findings of the research indicate that students apply various strategies in understanding the material of number patterns, which include memorizing patterns to trying to find their own formulas. However, many students face difficulties in drawing conclusions about patterns and connecting relevant mathematical concepts to everyday life. Common mistakes include errors in recognizing patterns, errors in calculations, and a lack of precision in understanding problems. Analysis of the thinking process shows that some students are still at the concrete operational thinking level, so they need visual aids and real-life examples to better understand patterns. This research emphasizes the need for an approach in teaching that can enhance students' abstract thinking abilities and requires varied practice in determining numerical pattern problems.
 
 

The low activity of students in biology learning is the main challenge in efforts to improve the quality of science learning in secondary schools. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of the Project Based Learning learning model in increasing student activity and learning outcomes in respiratory system materials at SMA Negeri 2 Langowan. This research is a Class Action Research that is carried out in two cycles, each of which includes stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were 13 students in grade XI. The instruments used include student activity observation sheets and the final test of the cycle based on description questions. The results showed that in the first cycle, only 38.46% of students achieved learning completeness with an average score of 60. However, after improving the strategy in cycle II through active mentoring, learning motivation, and strengthening group work, completeness increased to 92.30% with an average score of 84.69. These findings indicate that the Project Based Learning learning model is able to build student activeness through contextual, collaborative, and hands-on experience-based learning. The increase in activeness is reflected not only in test results, but also in students' active participation in discussions, group presentations, and project completion. The implications of this study show that Project Based Learning is feasible to be implemented as an innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of student interaction and engagement in biology learning on an ongoing basis.

Mathematical connection ability is a crucial competence that should be developed from the elementary level, as it helps students understand the interrelationships between mathematical concepts and their applications in daily life. This study aims to analyze the mathematical connection abilities of first-grade elementary school students in learning flat shapes. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method using cognitive and psychomotor assessment instruments. The cognitive test consisted of multiple-choice and essay questions measuring students' ability to recognize, understand, classify, and apply flat shapes. The psychomotor test involved tasks such as assembling flat shapes into meaningful objects and classifying shapes by type. The results showed that students were fairly capable of identifying and grouping flat shapes, but had difficulty explaining classification reasons or relating shapes to real-life objects. The psychomotor results also indicated that fine motor skills and the ability to make real-world connections need improvement. These findings highlight the importance of contextual learning approaches and the use of concrete media to strengthen students’ mathematical connections from an early age.
 
 

This study aims to determine the effect of the Discovery Learning model assisted by E-LKPD on students' physics learning outcomes. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster random sampling, consisting of an experimental class and a control class, each with 36 students. The solution to address the research problem was to apply the Discovery Learning model assisted by E-LKPD in the experimental class and conventional learning in the control class. The subjects of this study were students in classes X-3 and X-4. The instrument used was a learning test in the form of 15 multiple-choice questions. Before the different treatments were applied, a pretest was conducted, resulting in an average pretest score of 48.1 for the experimental class and 45.6 for the control class. Normality and homogeneity tests on the pretest data indicated that both classes' data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The two-tailed t-test resulted in a value of tcount < ttabel = = 0.97 < 1.994, which means H0 was accepted, indicating that the initial critical thinking ability of the experimental and control classes was the same. After the different treatments, a posttest was conducted for both classes, which resulted in an average posttest score of 76.5 for the experimental class and 63.5 for the control class. Normality and homogeneity tests on the posttest data showed that both classes' data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The one-tailed t-test resulted in tcount < ttabel = = 4.860 > 1.666, so the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It can be concluded that the use of Discovery Learning assisted by E-LKPD has a significant effect on students' learning outcomes on the topic of work and energy in class X at SMA Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan.

The quality of human resources is an important aspect in regional development, which is reflected through the Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is influenced by various factors, including the economic conditions and education of the community. This study aims to analyze the effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita and Average Length of Schooling (RLS) on HDI in South Kalimantan Province. The data used comes from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) with a coverage of 13 regencies/cities during the period 2018 to 2023. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with the help of R Studio software. The results of the study show that both GRDP per capita and RLS have a significant effect on HDI, both simultaneously and partially. The resulting model has an adjusted R² value of 0.8627, which indicates that 86.27% of the variation in HDI can be explained by these two variables. The classical assumption test including linearity, conditional zero error expectation, absence of multicollinearity, autocorrelation, homoscedasticity, and residual normality shows that the model used has met all the criteria as the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE). Thus, this regression model is valid for use in estimating and making inferences on the factors that influence the HDI in South Kalimantan Province. This finding confirms that increasing education and economic growth are strategic steps in accelerating human development in South Kalimantan.

This research aims to explore the ways in which teachers address the challenges of learning mathematics for children in primary schools by referring to behavioristic theory. This theory emphasizes the central role of stimuli and reactions in influencing learning behavior, and the application of both positive and negative reinforcement to improve students' motivation and understanding. The approach adopted was a descriptive qualitative method using case studies in various primary schools. The results indicated that behavior-focused methods, such as providing repeated practice of problems, immediate feedback, use of concrete tools, and regular application of rewards and punishments, can improve students' enthusiasm and mathematics learning outcomes. However, teacher-driven learning and lack of innovation are barriers to implementation. Therefore, a combination with other methods is needed to make the learning process more thorough.

This article aims to understand the concept of energy sources from an early age in order to increase their awareness of energy use and conservation. However, science learning in elementary schools (SD) often faces problems in delivering complex and abstract materials. This study investigates various innovations in science learning, especially those related to energy sources. In this study, we review the literature on various creative methods for learning, including the use of game media, blended learning, and interactive game tools. The results show that the implementation of these innovations can improve students' desire to learn and their learning outcomes. Therefore, science learning at the elementary level can be assisted by the integration of technology and appropriate learning approaches.