This research is motivated by the existence of inappropriate behavior in a student who often justifies his behavior even though the behavior he shows is wrong. The objective to be achieved in this study is to determine whether there is a significant difference before and after classical psychoanalytic counseling is carried out on rationalization behavior towards the client. This research method uses a pre-experimental one group, pre-test-post test approach. The population is one of the students of the State Islamic University of Bukittinggi. The data is processed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 26 program using the Wilcoxon test. The results obtained in this study were changes in values ??between before and after counseling. Which means that there is a change in rationalization behavior before and after treatment is given. So it can be concluded that classical psychoanalytic counseling can be carried out in handling rationalization behavior towards the client. So, it is recommended that counselors when conducting counseling can use the classical psychoanalytic counseling model in dealing with one of the client's inappropriate behaviors, especially rationalization behavior.
 
 

This study aims to analyze the role of mindfulness in controlling impulses while eating through practice.mindful eating. By using quantitative methods and designone group pretest-posttest, the study involved five participants who had a habit of eating with multitasking. The intervention was carried out for seven days, with measurements usingMindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS) and daily reflective questions. Results showed an increase in mindfulness scores from an average of 8.2 to 8.8 after the intervention, although there was variation between individuals. These results indicate thatmindful eatingcan improve self-control and strengthen activityprefrontal cortex (PFC). This study has scientific contributions in the development of mindfulness-based healthy behavior interventions and recommendations for further research.

The elderly stage is characterized by complex physical, psychological, and social changes, often leading to a decline in bodily functions and limitations in daily activities. This condition frequently results in older adults becoming highly dependent on assistance from others, including family members and caregivers in nursing homes. This study aims to understand the changes in bodily functions experienced by older adults and to identify factors that accelerate or worsen these processes, particularly among those residing in nursing homes. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, involving three older adult participants and one caregiver at Harapan Ibu Nursing Home. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed descriptively to illustrate patterns of functional decline and influencing factors. The main findings indicate that older adults experience decreased mobility, muscle strength, motor function, as well as impairments in vision and hearing. However, those who remain active in daily activities and receive environmental support demonstrate better levels of independence and quality of life. The study concludes that the decline in bodily functions among older adults is a natural process that can be slowed through physical activity, social support, and a supportive environment, enabling them to maintain a meaningful and independent life despite limitations.

The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of depression in children with a focus on early identification, risk factors, and effective treatment approaches. The method used in this study was a narrative literature review that synthesized findings from various scientific journals, academic books, and reports from world health organizations related to depression in children. The results of the analysis indicate that depression in children is a real clinical condition but is often undiagnosed due to differences in symptoms compared to adults and lack of public awareness. The main risk factors include childhood trauma, genetics, and dysfunctional family dynamics. Evidence-based approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, and psychosocial interventions have shown effectiveness in reducing symptoms. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention as a preventive measure to minimize the long-term impact on children's mental health.

This study aims to describe the level of resilience in former drug addicts and analyze its influence on their recovery and social reintegration process. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected through a questionnaire based on Grotberg’s theory consisting of 48 items. Five participants who had abstained from drugs for approximately two years were involved in this research. The results showed that most participants had high to very high levels of resilience. External factors such as family support and economic conditions, as well as internal factors like self-awareness and future-oriented motivation, significantly contributed to increased resilience. This study emphasizes the crucial role of resilience in helping former drug addicts endure challenging times and prevent relapse.

This study aims to examine the role of Self-Determination in improving students' learning persistence in the digital era. Self-Determination Theory explains that long-lasting learning motivation arises from within the individual, which is influenced by the fulfillment of three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Amidst the challenges of the digital era, such as social media distractions, students are required to have internal motivation to remain diligent in learning. Through a qualitative approach, the researcher interviewed five students in depth. The results showed that students were able to maintain learning persistence because of personal goals, parental support, and previous academic success experiences. The three aspects of Self-Determination have been shown to play an important role in shaping students' learning persistence despite facing digital disruptions. This study shows the importance of strengthening internal motivation to support learning success in the digital era.

Gratitude is an attitude that is highly emphasized and appreciated. An attitude of gratitude means recognizing ang appreciating all the blessings given by God. Teenagers who are able to be grateful for their lives will have an impact on their happiness and peace of mind. The sample in this study was 65 junior high school studendts. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of gratitude on happiness in adolescents. This research uses a quantitative approach with simple regression test aanalysis using SPPS 26.00 with data collection tools in the form of questionnaires for the gratitude scale. From the results of research data analysis, is shows that there is an influence of gratitude on happiness in teenagers of 16.9%, which is in the medion category, which means that the higher the feeling of gratitude, the more happiness will increase. So it can be concluded thatther is an influence of gratitude on happiness in teenagers.
 
 

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of optimal hydration on brain activity and mental health in students and workers through a biopsychological approach. Five participants (three students and two workers) participated in a hydration intervention by drinking at least 8 glasses of water per day for seven days. The design used was a one-group pretest-posttest, with measurements using the PANAS (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule) scale and daily reflection. The results showed an increase in positive emotion scores and a decrease in negative emotion scores after the intervention was carried out in both groups. Participants' daily reflections supported these findings, although some experienced discomfort such as bloating or nausea. Biopsychologically, adequate hydration can contribute to cognitive function, emotional control, and daily productivity. This study confirms that regular drinking habits are a simple but effective strategy in improving mental health and brain function in both students and workers.

Indonesia is known as an archipelago located on the Ring of Fire, which is the confluence of three major tectonic plates, namely Indo Australia, Eurasia and the Pacific. This causes Indonesia to be an area at risk of experiencing various kinds of natural disasters. The elderly are one of the groups of people who are most vulnerable to the high psychological impact of natural disasters. Resilience in times of crisis is an important psychological ability in individuals, especially the elderly, because it is expected to make individuals strong and able to adapt to changes in conditions that occur in their lives. elderly, because it is expected to make individuals strong and able to adapt to changes in conditions that occur well. Resilience is a personal trait that refers to positive adaptation and reducing negative influences and stressors so that individuals can improve mentally and maintain their health despite experiencing severe problems. The purpose of this study is to determine and explore various images of resilience and to find out the importance of resilience for the elderly in dealing with disasters. The method used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method where the literature related to the research will be analyzed and synthesized. The results and conclusions of this study are that the many types of natural disasters that occur in Indonesia make people from every group, especially the elderly, have resilience. The literature analyzed is literature published on Google Scholar, ISSN standardized and published between 2019 and 2024. The number of literature analyzed in this study was 8 literature.  The results of this study are a description of the resilience of the elderly consisting of several categories / levels of resilience, things that affect resilience, how the elderly adjust, and elderly preparedness for natural disasters. In addition, this study concluded that resilience is important for the elderly to deal with natural disasters.

The development of communication technology today has changed the behavior of individuals in interacting. Social media has become a means for individuals to express themselves and perform self-disclosure. This study aims to find out how expressive writing can increase self-disclosure in millennial Instagram social media users. The research method uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with participants. The results showed that expressive writing can facilitate individuals to express themselves and increase self-disclosure on Instagram social media users. Through expressive writing, individuals can express their feelings, thoughts, and experiences freely without any restrictions. This encourages deeper self-disclosure in millennial Instagram users. The implication of this study is the importance of using expressive writing to facilitate the self-disclosure process in social media users, especially millennials.