This study aims to describe the empowerment strategy of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) implemented by the Kebab Kenzatha MSME operating in Bukittinggi City. The background of this study is based on the important role of MSMEs in driving the local economy, particularly in creating jobs, increasing community income, and strengthening the domestic economic structure. MSME empowerment is a vital strategy in ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of small and medium enterprises amidst increasingly competitive market competition. There are various dimensions in MSME empowerment, such as strengthening the capacity of individual business actors, increasing access to markets, access to capital, utilization of technology, and adequate policy or institutional support. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. This method was chosen because it is considered most appropriate to comprehensively and objectively describe the various empowerment strategies that have been or are being implemented by MSME actors, particularly Kebab Kenzatha. Through observation and in-depth interviews with MSME owners, researchers obtained information about business activities and marketing strategies implemented. Based on the results of observations, it is known that the Kebab Kenzatha MSME is still managed independently by its owner without the involvement of employees or additional labor. This indicates that its organizational structure is still very simple. Meanwhile, in terms of marketing strategy, this MSME utilizes its closest social networks, such as friends of the business owner and students at Campus V of Padang State University (UNP), as its primary target market. This approach reflects a marketing strategy based on social relationships and word-of-mouth promotion, commonly employed by MSMEs with limited resources. Therefore, the empowerment of the Kebab Kenzatha MSME is still in its early stages and requires further support for optimal long-term development.

Criminal money substitution is a very important instrument and has a crucial role in efforts to recover state losses caused by corruption crimes. Through this mechanism, the state seeks to recover losses incurred due to corruption. Although there are provisions that regulate the crime of substitute money, the implementation of the substitute money policy in Indonesia is considered ineffective in restoring state losses due to corruption. The main problem in this study is how the substitute money policy in corruption in Indonesia today and how the construction of the substitute money criminal policy in the perspective of criminal law reform. The methods used in this study are normative juridical and empirical juridical which are research methods that combine normative legal elements with the addition of empirical data. The data sources used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data was collected through literature studies and field studies. Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that the policy is considered not to clearly explain how the mechanism for recovering state losses through the penalty of substitute money is related. In practice, currently the return of state losses through the imposition of penalty money in lieu has not been effective. This is because there are still many obstacles. Some of the obstacles in the implementation of this substitute money crime are the limitations of law enforcement officials, lack of coordination between institutions, and the inability to trace and confiscate the assets of perpetrators of corruption crimes. In addition, another obstacle faced at the time of execution is the inability of the perpetrator to return state losses caused by corruption crimes. This is what causes the maximum implementation of the substitute money criminal policy. The construction of the substitute money criminal policy in the perspective of criminal law reform, namely the substitute money policy must be able to enforce the law in Total Enforcement or at least in Full Enforcement, namely demanding the return of all state losses caused by corruption crimes as a whole without any legal loopholes that allow convicts to evade.

This study aims to descriptively explore the role of facility and infrastructure management in enhancing learning effectiveness at the elementary school level, viewed from the perspective of School-Based Management (SBM). SBM is an educational management approach that emphasizes school autonomy in planning, implementing, and evaluating all learning activities as well as managing available resources, including educational facilities and infrastructure.This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document analysis. The subjects of this study include the principal, teachers, and administrative staff responsible for managing school facilities and infrastructure at a selected public elementary school. The main focus is to examine how management processes are carried out and how these contribute to the continuity and quality of the learning process.The findings indicate that the management of facilities and infrastructure is conducted systematically through four main stages: needs planning based on situational analysis, procurement through collaboration with school committees or third parties, optimal utilization of facilities to support learning activities, and regular maintenance to ensure continued functionality. This process involves active participation from various stakeholders, both internal and external to the school, and is guided by the principles of transparency, accountability, and efficiency .Adequate availability of facilities and effective management were shown to create a conducive learning environment, increase student motivation, and support teachers in delivering lessons effectively. Furthermore, well-maintained facilities contribute to fostering a culture of discipline and a sense of responsibility among students. This study recommends enhancing the managerial capacity of principals and staff in facility management and strengthening cooperation between the school, the school committee, and the wider community to support the delivery of quality and sustainable education

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model in improving problem solving skills in fractional materials for grade V students at SD Negeri 3 Mantingan. The background of this research is the low ability of students to solve fractional problems, mainly due to procedural misconceptions and lack of opportunities to discuss and construct understanding collaboratively. The method used is the Kemmis and McTaggart model Class Action Research (PTK), which consists of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted in one cycle, involving 28 students as subjects. Data collection was carried out through evaluation tests (pre-cycle and cycle I) as well as observation of student learning activities. The results of the study showed a significant increase in problem solving ability. The average score of students increased from 36.43 in the pre-cycle to 93.21 in the first cycle, with a t-test of 25.18 and a p< value of 0.001, indicating a high significance. Learning completeness increased from 0% to 100%. The TPS model has been proven to be able to overcome misconceptions, especially through the peer scaffolding process in the "pair" stage, which helps students in identifying variables and choosing the right calculation operations. In addition, there was an increase in students' collaborative skills in terms of expressing opinions and asking questions, with an achievement range between 68% to 75%. The main obstacles faced in the implementation of polling stations are the management of discussion time and class noise. However, this was successfully overcome through the use of timers and Student Worksheets (LKPD) equipped with scaffolding questions. It can be concluded that the TPS model is an innovative and effective approach in improving mathematical problem solving skills contextually, in line with the principles of the Independent Curriculum.

The digital era has significantly transformed the external environment of educational institutions, demanding swift, strategic, and innovative adaptation to remain relevant to societal needs. Key external factors such as rapid technological advancement, evolving government policies, globalization of education, and disparities in digital access pose substantial challenges to maintaining educational quality. Institutions that fail to adapt risk falling behind in both learning quality and graduate competitiveness. This study aims to explore effective adaptation strategies for educational institutions amid these digital dynamics. Employing a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, the research analyzes various sources discussing educational responses to technological and policy developments. The findings highlight essential strategies such as integrating a technology-based curriculum, adopting digital learning platforms, enhancing educators’ digital literacy, and improving technological infrastructure to support distance learning. Strengthening institutional capacity to manage digital transformation also becomes a vital component. Furthermore, collaboration with stakeholders—government, private sector, and society—is vital for building an inclusive educational ecosystem. Community involvement and industry partnerships can support resource development and ensure curriculum relevance. However, implementation barriers remain, including insufficient teacher training in digital pedagogy, unequal internet access in remote areas, and limited funding. These issues necessitate digital-oriented education policy evaluations and stronger regulatory frameworks to bridge the digital divide. The study concludes that successful adaptation goes beyond merely adopting technology. Sustainable transformation also depends on continuous evaluation and support systems. By implementing the right strategies and addressing key obstacles, educational institutions can effectively navigate digital challenges and foster sustainable, future-oriented learning environments aligned with contemporary demands.

This study aims to describe the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap. BOS funds are a government program aimed at supporting the financing of school operational needs at the elementary and secondary education levels. This program is expected to improve access and quality of education, but its implementation is still faced with various obstacles such as delays in disbursement of funds, lack of transparency, and a suboptimal reporting system. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Informants in this study consisted of the principal, treasurer, teachers, and BOS fund management staff. The results of the study indicate that in general the management of BOS funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap has been running quite effectively and efficiently. Effectiveness is reflected in the use of funds that contribute to improving the quality of educational services, such as the procurement of learning facilities and the implementation of extracurricular programs. Efficiency is seen in the use of funds that refer to the priority scale of school needs. However, obstacles are still found such as delays in disbursement of funds from the central government that impact the smooth implementation of school activities, and financial reporting that has not been fully documented systematically and periodically. This research provides an important overview of the real conditions of BOS fund management in schools and is expected to provide input for related parties in order to improve the education financial governance system to make it more transparent, accountable, and sustainable.

The religion of Islam, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, continues to evolve over time, with Indonesia being a Muslim-majority country with a population of approximately 229.62 million people (87.2% of the total population). With the world's Muslim population projected to reach 2.2 billion by 2030, Indonesia accounts for around 13.1% of the global Muslim population. This study aims to examine the role of social media as a means of da'wah, the challenges faced, and solutions to overcome these challenges. Through a survey involving 76 respondents, it was found that the utilization of social media for Islamic da'wah content is still relatively low; the majority of respondents only occasionally search for and rarely share da'wah content. Challenges in da'wah in the era of globalization include laziness to access content, diverse preferences for preachers and methods, and the existence of invalid content. The findings suggest the need for more effective strategies to increase public interest and participation in da'wah through social media

This study was motivated by students' understanding of writing and completing letters and words at the early stages of learning to write. The aim is to improve students' understanding of how to write productively and descriptively. Data were collected through observation, practice questions, and documentation with a qualitative case study approach. The results showed that students were able to write loose letters, distinguish similar letters (b, d, p, q), and complete missing letters and words in the context of words and sentences.

Technological developments and changes in the global world are driving rapid transformation in various aspects.The education system needs to undergo fundamental changes to prepare the next generation to face the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. A new curriculum needs to be designed to teach students the essential skills of this century, such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and understanding digital literacy. The conventional curriculum model that focuses on mastering factual knowledge and basic skills is no longer sufficient.In order to change education, all aspects of the education ecosystem must be evaluated comprehensively, including the government, educational institutions, teachers, parents, and society as a whole. The curriculum must be updated to support project-based learning methods, cross-disciplinary research, and an emphasis on developing 21st century skills. In addition, the way of teaching must shift from a teacher-dominated approach to a student-focused approach, with the help of digital technology.

The purpose of this study was to analyze how effective communication strategies can influence community participation in rural development projects and to identify factors that influence communication success in the local context. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis related to development projects. Respondents in this study included community members, local stakeholders, and parties involved in project implementation. The results showed that transparent, participatory, and sustainable communication had a significant impact on the level of community participation. Factors such as the active involvement of community leaders, the use of local media, and the existence of discussion forums also influenced the effectiveness of communication. In addition, this study found that two-way communication and involving the community in the planning and decision-making process increased the sense of ownership and support for development projects. The conclusion of this study is that a good communication strategy can significantly increase community participation in rural development projects. Recommendations for the implementation of communication strategies include increasing community involvement from the planning stage, utilizing local communication media, and developing effective feedback mechanisms. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of communication in rural development and can be a reference for planning similar projects in the future.