Drinking water is a basic human need that must meet health requirements to be suitable for direct consumption without causing health risks. Drinkable water must be free from various contaminants, both physical, chemical, and microbiological that can harm the human body. One of the sources of drinking water that is widely used by the community is refillable drinking water (DAMIU), which is now growing due to its affordable price and ease of access. However, the water quality from DAMIU is often a concern due to potential contamination due to sanitation that does not meet standards. This study aims to analyze the sanitary conditions of the refillable drinking water depot (DAMIU) and assess the quality of drinking water based on physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters in the working area of the Punti Kayu Health Center, Palembang. A total of 15 DAMIU are the object of research that are examined through laboratory tests and direct observation of the sanitary conditions and equipment of the depot. The results showed that all DAMIU (100%) had met the general sanitation requirements, such as room cleanliness, equipment, and workers. However, microbiological testing found that 33.4% of the water samples contained E. coli and Coliform bacteria, indicating the presence of contamination. In addition, all samples (100%) did not meet the ideal drinking water pH requirements, and as many as 40% of the samples had aluminum content that exceeded the threshold set by the Indonesian Minister of Health. From these findings, it can be concluded that although the sanitary conditions of DAMIU are relatively good, the quality of the drinking water produced still requires serious attention.

This study aims to examine the influence of knowledge and awareness on safety riding behavior among online motorcycle taxi drivers. Considering the rapid growth of online transportation and the increasing risk of accidents, understanding the factors that affect driver behavior is crucial. This literature review analyzes 15 relevant studies. The researcher conducted a series of studies involving various sources such as books, Google Scholar, Mendeley, PubMed, ScienceDirect, focusing on open access and full paper articles in Indonesian or English. The analysis shows a significant relationship between drivers’ knowledge and awareness of safety riding practices and their compliance with safe driving behavior. Higher levels of knowledge and awareness correlate with increased adherence to traffic regulations, proper use of safety equipment, and better understanding of potential road hazards. These findings emphasize the importance of continuous safety training programs and policy interventions to improve the safety and welfare of online motorcycle drivers.
 
 

 Immunisation is the stage of prevention of infectious diseases such as ‘hepatitis, tuberculosis, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, and measles’ Knowledge of parents, especially mothers, plays an important role in the success of immunisation programmes, where education level affects knowledge about the importance of immunisation. The following study aimed to analyse the correlation between parents' education level and knowledge in providing complete basic immunisation to children. The following quantitative approach uses a Cross Sectional design, on 88 respondents selected through Purposive Proportional Random Sampling using a questionnaire in the form of a questionnaire and obesrvasion. Data were collected through questionnaires and analysed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed a significant relationship between education level and parental knowledge in providing complete basic immunisation at Bangetayu Health Centre, Semarang City (p-value <0.05). Thus, the higher the level of education of parents, the better their knowledge in providing complete basic immunisation to children. This study highlights the importance of complete basic immunisation to prevent disease. Health offices and health centres need to improve education through counselling and information distribution. Parents' awareness plays an important role in ensuring children are fully immunised. This study is useful for parents in increasing knowledge, health centres in improving services, and researchers as a reference for further studies.
 

Oral hygiene and dental health of ten samples of fourth grade students of SD Negeri 58, Banda Aceh City, were assessed at the first assessment on December 18, 2023 using the OHI-S technique. It was found that four of the children had moderate debris, six had poor category plaque, and no students had excellent debris index. The purpose of this research was ti assess the roll’s impact also bass methods of brushing teeth and oral hygiene on fourth grade students of SD Negeri 58. Using the type one group pre-experimental design method, the researcher used a quantitative research method in this investigation. After implementing the roll method brushing intervention of 1.36, a difference of 0.8 was found compared to brushing teeth using the roll method with an average OHI-s of 2.16. Used the bass method, an average of 2.08 OHI-s was brushed. However, after the bass method brushing intervention of 1.16, a difference of 0.92 was found. It was determined that in the pretest and posttest brushing with the bass method, the the probability value was greater than the significance value, which were 0.000 <0.05 and 0.002 <0.05, respectively. Regarding enhancing oral and dental hygiene, brushing teeth with the bass approach works better for fourth grade students at SD Negeri 58 Banda Aceh City. Based on the results of the study, students can be advised to brush their teeth using the bass approach.

Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease that requires long-term management through effective self-care behavior. Family support plays a crucial role in encouraging adherence and success in disease management among hypertensive patients. Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 106 respondents were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires and analyzed using the Somers’ D test to determine the relationship between family roles and self-care management. Result: The majority of respondents received good family support (76.4%) and demonstrated good self-care management (61.3%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between family roles and self-care management (p < 0.001), with a Somers’ D coefficient of 0.430. Family roles explained approximately 24.6% of the variation in patients' self-care behavior. Conclusion : There is a significant relationship between family roles and self-care management among hypertensive patients. Good family support, particularly emotional and instrumental support, can enhance the effectiveness of self-care in managing hypertension.
 
 

Laparotomi is a surgical procedure in which the abdominal wall layer is operated on to remove the part that is experiencing problems. One of the problems that can occur in post laparotomy patients is pain. Pain is a person's emotional experience due to tissue damage that occurs after surgery. Laparotomy postoperative pain management must include all aspects, both in pharmacological and non-pharmacological aspects because pain is not only influenced by surgical wounds but also influenced by emotions. One of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be given to laparotomy postoperative patients is early mobilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of early mobilization on reducing pain intensity in postoperative laparotomy patients at Cengkareng Hospital, Belimbing Room in 2024. This research design is a quantitative study with a quasi experimental method using a one group pre-post test design approach, the sample technique uses total sampling, the samples in this study were 20 intervention group samples, the results of statistical tests with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test obtained the results of the p value = 0.001 or <0.05 there is a difference between the pain scale before and after early mobilization. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of early mobilization on reducing pain intensity in patients post laparotomy surgery
 

This research aims to describe anti-bullying behaviour among employees in Indonesia and its relationship to individual and organizational characteristics. The research used a quantitative approach involving 107 employees in Indonesia who were obtained through incidental sampling. Data was obtained using the Negative Act Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), distributed online and then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The results of the research are that anti-bullying behaviour among employees in Indonesia tends to be in the high category. However, the number of respondents who have anti-bullying behaviour tends to be low and is also relatively large (>10%). Internal and external factors enable anti-bullying behaviour. Internal factors, such as gender, while external factors, such as anti-bullying policy practices.

Background: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is extensive skin damage, accompanied by involvement of the mucosa and muscle-joint tissue due to immobilization with a set of symptoms in the form of abnormalities characterized by erythema, vesicles, bullae, purpura on the skin. Objective: to explore the benefits of physiotherapy in managing these problems and to identify the most effective approach in the rehabilitation process. Method: this study uses a case study approach in patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) taken from RSUD Sumberglagah Mojokerto. Results: There was a decrease in pain in both ankles, there was an increase in muscle strength in both ankles, there was an increase in the range of motion of the joints in both ankles, there was an increase in functional ability in patients from moderate dependence to independence. Conclusion: Based on the results that have been carried out, physiotherapy interventions in the form of ROM exercises (Active, resisted and stretching) are effective in overcoming physiotherapy problems in cases of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS).

Background: Morbus Hansen or better known as leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae which can affect the skin, nerves, respiratory tract, and other body tissues. Objective: the effectiveness of physiotherapy intervention in patients with drop foot e.c. morbus hansen in the form of active ROM exercises, strengthening and sensory stimulation. Method: this study uses a case study approach in patients with drop foot e.c. morbus hansen taken from RSUD Sumberglagah Mojokerto. Results: the provision of strengthening interventions increased muscle strength after 8 therapy sessions on the left plantar flexion movement from a value of 3 to 4, active ROM workouts also increased Range of Motion (ROM) after 8 therapy sessions in the sagittal plane of the left dorsi flexion movement from 20° to 35°, decreased tenderness in the left foot area after 8 therapy sessions from a value of 4 to a value of 1 and increased sensory on both soles of the feet on the left lateral and deskra inferior medial sides. Conclusion: Based on the research of the case study of droop foot ec morbus hansen, it shows that the intervention of ROM exercises, strengthening and stimulation of sensibility produces good results even though there are several aspects that have not shown significant results.

Centella asiatica (L) urban is a plant that has the potential to be a source of immunomodulatory agents because it contains several groups of active compounds, asiaticoside, madecassoside, madecassic acid and asiatic acid, which can act as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulators. This study aims to review relevant literature to summarize the immunomodulatory effects produced by Centella asiatica (L.) urban. This study used a literature review design involving 4 experimental study articles published in the last 10 years in the electronic databases  PubMed and ScienceDirect. The results of this study showed that C. asiatica has been shown to provide immunomodulatory effects through various mechanisms, including as an anti-inflammatory by decreasing nitrite production, PGE2 and TNF-?, reducing NF-?? activation, and inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators induced by IFN-? and TNF-?, including IL-6 and COX-2. C. asiatica can also act as an antioxidant that inhibits ROS production, stimulates GSH, and binds free radicals. In addition, C. asiatica can also play a role in the adaptive immune response.