. Pharmacogenomics, the science that combines genetics with pharmacology, plays a vital role in determining the optimal dosage of drugs for patients, especially those with chronic diseases. In Indonesia, the use of pharmacogenomic approaches is still limited even though the genetically diverse population requires more personalized dosage adjustments. This study aims to analyze the effect of genetic variation on drug response in patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, in Indonesia. By collecting and analyzing genetic data and patient clinical data, this study will identify genetic biomarkers associated with drug metabolism and therapeutic effectiveness. The results of this study are expected to provide guidance for more accurate and personalized drug dosage determination, which will ultimately improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce the risk of side effects. This study is also expected to encourage wider adoption of pharmacogenomic approaches in clinical practice in Indonesia, as part of the effort towards more personalized and effective medicine.

Based on population projection data, it is estimated that in 2017 there will be 23.66 million elderly people in Indonesia (9.03%). The number of elderly people is predicted in 2020 (27.08 million), 2025 (33.69 million), 2030 (40.95 million) and 2035 (48.19 million) (Ministry of Health RI, 2017). The prevalence of dementia (per 1000 people) in Indonesia in 2005 was 191.4 incidents, in 2020 it is estimated to be 314.1 incidents, and will increase in 2050 to around 932 incidents. The data obtained in the work area of the Telaga District Public Health Center were 134 elderly , of which 38 had dementia. From the results of interviews obtained from health workers at the puskesmas and families, they said that often the elderly forgot many activities such as bathing, taking medicine and others, so the family had to remind them to take a bath, take medicine and so on . Further interviews conducted by researchers on the elderly, some said that they rarely consume vitamins, especially vitamin D, are lazy to exercise, do light activities or sunbathe every morning which can increase the risk of developing dementia.

Wrong eating patterns in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) sufferers will cause blood sugar levels increases, so dietary factors or planning eating is very important in control blood sugar levels. Good diet?? become component main success DM management. The purpose of study This is For know control blood sugar levels with diet in diabetes mellitus sufferers through literature study. Search journal using Google database schoolar, pubmed , conchrance and springer ago produced 3 journals For followed up. Journal analyzed using appropriate PRISMA diagrams with inclusion criteria used? that is journal use Language English and Indonesian, using design RCT research, and published between January 2018 to June 2024 about control blood sugar levels with diet in diabetes mellitus sufferers. Proven diet capable lowering blood sugar in diabetes mellitus sufferers.
 
 

Biosensors are analytical devices that combine biological sensing elements with physicochemical detectors to provide rapid, accurate, and cost-effective solutions for medical diagnostics. Globally, these devices have revolutionized the detection and monitoring of diseases, significantly impacting patient outcomes. In Indonesia, the adoption and development of biosensor technology have accelerated over the past decade, particularly in response to the growing healthcare needs and the government's push for technological innovation. This study aims to review and analyze the development and application of biosensors in Indonesia medical diagnostics sector between 2014 and 2024. The research focuses on identifying key technological advancements, the integration of biosensors into healthcare, the challenges faced in their development and deployment, and the prospects for future growth. The study employs a comprehensive literature review and analysis of scientific publications, industry reports, and government documents related to biosensor technology in Indonesia. The review covers the evolution of biosensing materials, point-of-care testing applications, integration with digital health technologies, and regulatory frameworks. Data were synthesized to provide a detailed overview of the current state of biosensor technology and its impact on medical diagnostics in Indonesia. The findings indicate significant advancements in biosensor technology, particularly in the development of novel nanomaterials, the integration of biosensors with mobile health (mHealth) platforms, and the expansion of point-of-care testing (POCT) for infectious diseases. However, the sector faces challenges, including technological limitations, regulatory hurdles, and economic constraints, which have slowed the widespread adoption of biosensors in clinical settings. Despite these challenges, the future of biosensors in Indonesia appears promising, with continued investment and innovation expected to drive further advancements in this field.

This research explores the experiences of nurses in carrying out their main duties and functions at the Panamas Community Health Center. Qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach are used to gain an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 12 nurses selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis using the Colaizzi method produced five main themes: (1) Nurses' activities in health services, (2) Tasks carried out by community health center nurses, (3) The importance of good health program management, (4) Management of duties and authority in health services, and (5) Shortage of health and non-health personnel and multifunctionality in health services. Research results show that nurses often have to take over the roles of doctors, administrative staff, and pharmacists due to limited human resources even though these tasks should not be their responsibility. This causes nurses to lose focus in carrying out their main duties, nurses feel that their main role as care providers is disturbed. Nurses also run various health programs and serve as physician assistants, although these roles often exceed their duties. The importance of good health program management was emphasized, as many participants experienced difficulties in achieving targets, reporting and patient monitoring. Management of tasks and authority includes handover of tasks, delegation of daily tasks, and delegation of authority, however socialization to staff has not been comprehensive. Lack of human resources causes nurses to carry out multiple roles which hinders their professional development. This research recommends strengthening competency and further training for nurses, increasing legal awareness regarding the delegation of authority, integrating health management education in the nursing curriculum, as well as increasing the number and qualifications of human resources in community health centers.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, namely acid-fast bacteria. Successful treatment of patients with tuberculosis (TB) is a problem in today's society. One of the reasons for the increase in pulmonary TB cases is the low level of education of sufferers. One of the causes of failure of tuberculosis treatment therapy is the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) which can affect the adherence to medication in tuberculosis patients. The success of TB treatment is compliance in taking anti-tuberculosis medication at the prescribed dose. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between clients' knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis and compliance with taking anti-pulmonary tuberculosis medication at Harapan Pematang Siantar Hospital. This research was conducted at Harapan Pematangsiantar Hospital in May 2023. This type of research is descriptive quantitative correlational with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire with the Gutman scale. The population of this study was all outpatient clinic patients at Harapan Pematang Siantar Hospital in October-December 2022. The sampling technique was accidental sampling, namely 58 respondents who came in May 2023. Statistical test results used the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (? = 0.05) shows the p value = 0.001, meaning that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of tuberculosis clients and compliance with taking anti-tuberculosis medication at Harapan Pematang Siantar Hospital in 2023

Since technology revolutionized the world, business transformation has been total, especially in developed countries. As a result, the country's leaders adopted an unprecedented policy of implementing technology in all areas. This has resulted in almost all activities in the world using technology to continue operations, even though it is not yet fully ready. Including the application of technology in increasingly digital education, enabling the education industry to be sustainable, more affordable, and achieve optimal goals. Specifically, this research aims to understand how technology is applied in the governance of Islamic education. For this purpose, we used electronic data searches via Google Scholar and other applications. Analysis is carried out using system coding, evaluation and in-depth interpretation of the data to produce valid and reliable findings. This study used a qualitative data review design on publications published between 2010 and 2021 to obtain the most recent data. Based on the discussion of the data findings, it can be concluded that the management of Islamic educational institutions appreciates the use of digital technology or websites in graduate preparation programs that balance world interests and preparation for the hereafter, with a focus on shared knowledge and skills improvement (upskill).