This study investigated the influence of anticoagulant therapy on biochemical parameters and vascular function in patients with mixed dyslipidemia and asymptomatic atherosclerosis. Twenty-five participants were divided into two groups: a study group (SG) of 15 patients with mixed dyslipidemia and a control group (CG) of 9 healthy individuals. Baseline characteristics, including lipid profiles, inflammatory markers (osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, MMP-2, MMP-9), and clotting parameters, were assessed. The SG exhibited significantly elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, alongside decreased HDL cholesterol and unexpectedly lower myeloperoxidase levels compared to the CG. Significant variability in biomarker levels was observed across quartiles within both groups. A strong positive correlation was found between serum TSH levels and Factor X activity, while a strong negative correlation was observed between serum TSH and PAI-1 antigen levels in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Clotting times, assessed using the thromboplastin generation test with inosithin, did not reveal significant differences between venous and arterial samples or between the study and control groups based on the provided data. Further research incorporating quantitative clotting time analyses and a more comprehensive assessment of anticoagulant effects is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between anticoagulant therapy, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis.

Leishmaniasis is recognized as a significant health concern in Iraq. The disease begins with minor elevations (papules) and progresses into ulcers. Epidemiological investigations play a crucial role in managing and implementing effective preventive strategies for this disease. This study examines the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraq over the past 7 years. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional inquiry analyzed data concerning patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis over the previous 7 years at the Iraq Health Center. Demographic and epidemiological data of the patients were collected from healthcare centers in Iraq through collaborative efforts with healthcare facilities. Using SPSS software, epidemiological records of the patients were extracted and subjected to statistical analysis employing the chi-square test. Out of 175 patients examined, 88 were male (53%), and 87 were female (47%). The majority of patients belonged to the age bracket of 9 months to 4 years, with the lowest number of cases in the age group of 40 to 49 years. Mainly, the manifestations of the disease were observed on the facial region and limbs. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation was observed between age groups and the type of leishmaniasis (P > 0.05), as well as between gender and the type of leishmaniasis (P > 0.05). According to the conducted analysis, the prevalence of the disease in Iraq showed a declining trend from 2008 to 2014. This reduction in the disease incidence can be attributed to the improvement in health education status and the adherence to personal hygiene practices among the population

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation. The upregulation and activation of the Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 (CDK6) signaling pathway can induce unregulated breast cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, CDK6 inhibition continues to be developed as a potential target for drug design and development to treat breast cancer. This study aims to predict the biofunction of anthocyanin compounds from purple corn extract as inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 (CDK6) using an in silico approach. The research methods included data mining, ligand and receptor preparation, molecular docking, docking visualization, and data analysis. Our results indicate that six compounds from purple corn extract (cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin, peonidin, and peonidin-3-glucoside) can bind to CDK6 at the C-terminal and N-terminal domains. The binding pattern suggests that cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin, peonidin, and peonidin-3-glucoside interact with CDK6 residues in the same manner as Palbociclib (control). This finding indicates that compounds from purple corn have the potential to act as competitive CDK6 inhibitors. Peonidin-3-glucoside exhibited the lowest binding energy of -282.5 kcal/mol, approaching that of Palbociclib (-329.4 kcal/mol).

Pain is the body's response to tissue damage that is often addressed using analgesic compounds. Purslane plants (Portulaca oleracea L) are known to contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids that have potential as analgesics. This study aims to test the analgesic effectiveness of purslane ethanol extract by writhing test method using white mice (Mus musculus) induced by 1% acetic acid. A total of 15 mice were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely negative control, positive control (paracetamol), and three groups with doses of purslane extract 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB, and 800 mg/kgBB. The number of writhes was observed every 15 minutes for 1 hour, and the percentage of protective power was calculated. The results showed that the dose of 800 mg/kgBB gave the highest analgesic effect with a percent protection power of 65.28%, followed by doses of 400 mg/kgBB (52.4%) and 200 mg/kgBB (30.6%). The highest analgesic effect was achieved at a dose of 800 mg/kgBB, almost equivalent to the positive control. This shows the significant potential of purslane ethanol extract as an analgesic agent.

The present study was aimed at gaining knowledge about the type of pathogen responsible for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) infections and evaluating the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against Candida spp. antibiotic resistance. 112 samples were taken from infected women with VVC of different ages from September to December 2024. All specimens were collected from Al Hussein Teaching Hospital/ Al- Thiqar- governorate. The results showed that 67 (59.82%) of all cases had positive results for Candida spp., while 45 (40.18%) had negative results. Candida spp. Isolated from VVC were C. albicans, the most prevalent 33 (49.26%), C. glabrata, 12 (17.91%), C. krusi and C. kefyr, 9 (13.43%), and C. guilliermondii, 4 (6.90%). The antifungal sensitivity of the pathogenic Candida spp. was tested against five types of antifungals, and the results showed the highest resistance to ketoconazole was 66 (98.51%) of Candida spp. Because of the presence of these physiologically active chemicals, Zizyphus spina-christi L. exhibits antimicrobial capabilities. In this study, the main aim is to study the antifungal activity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract on some resistant candida and conduct analysis to confirm that the Ziziphus spina-christi leaves have phytochemical contents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to find the bioactive components present in extracts of Z. spina-christi leaves. Finally, we decided the inhibitory activity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves extract. The extract of Ziziphus spina-christi had alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, tannic acid, and terpenoids, according to a preliminary phytochemical screen. In addition, GC-MS analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of many beneficial chemicals. The extract showed promising antimicrobial activity for Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. glabrata,C. krusi , C. kefyr, and C. guilliermondii)  . These results show that the Ziziphus spina-christi leaves extract is a valuable resource for bioactive chemicals with potential uses in a variety of biological contexts.

The CRISPR-Cas9 technique is a contemporary technology that has transformed the process of genetic modification, allowing scientists to target genomes in living organisms with precision and simplicity. Numerous practical applications of significant importance, including the introduction of new genes into living cells, are facilitated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system's advanced level of gene targeting, precision, and simplicity of use. An enigmatic process involving repeated DNA sequences in E. coli initiated the emergence of this CRISPR-Cas9 mechanism. After observing this phenomenon in bacteria, scientists initiated an investigation into its function. It was noted that E. coli employs it as a self-defence mechanism against bacteriophage attacks and plasmids. CRISPR-Cas9, a novel method for genetic modification, was created as a result of this investigation. This system has been re-engineered by scientists to be more broadly applicable, allowing for the modification of the genetic code of virtually any organism, surpassing the scope of self-defence. The CRISPR-Cas9 system-based gene editing mechanisms have the potential to produce substantial results that were previously difficult to achieve. Nevertheless, the question of genetic modification through the application of this technology prompts debates and demands for the resolution of the ethical, social, and legal issues that are associated with its application. The potential applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system are seemingly boundless.

Electronic cane: It is an electronic cane designed in the shape of a long white cane, but it provides the blind with ultrasonic frequencies that he can feel under his hand and through an audible alarm when it hits a certain obstacle in its path{1}. It can also detect obstacles in all directions at a distance of five meters. The ends of this cane are made of lead. The International Federation of the Blind, which is one of the organizations affiliated with the United Nations, has declared October 15 of each year as the International Day of the White Cane for the Blind, due to the utmost importance of the white cane for the blind, as it makes him depend on himself after God. This dependence is foldable and is stronger and lasts for a long time. It is important to note here that the white cane with a red stripe placed on the lower part of the cane symbolizes the person's suffering from loss of vision with deafness or hearing impairment.  Regardless of the type and shape of the white cane, it has become a symbol of the blind person’s independence and his ability to move, work and integrate into society like other individuals. It guides him to directions, barriers and obstacles and spares him the need to touch things that may be difficult or dangerous to touch, thus protecting him from many harms, in addition to providing him with a lot of information that he lacks due to his lack of sight and the inability of the other senses to provide him with it.

Patented drugs are a type of drug that has just been discovered and has a certain patent period based on its type. This drug is designed to provide convenience through innovations such as practical packaging, better taste, and syrup that is not bitter due to the use of micro particles. Technologies such as slow-release tablets or sugar coatings also reduce side effects in the stomach, making them safer to use. In addition, this innovation can overcome other obstacles, such as avoiding alcohol solvents that are not in accordance with some religious beliefs. On the other hand, generic drugs still meet pharmacopoeial requirements and have gone through a good drug manufacturing process (CPOB), with strict supervision from the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM). This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of the people of Sukorejo Village about patented and generic drugs. The type of research used is descriptive, using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The sample consisted of 100 people selected through a simple random sampling technique, where each element of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Percentage analysis was used to evaluate the results of the study. The data shows that 49% of respondents have good knowledge of patented and generic drugs, while 23% have sufficient knowledge. These results indicate that the majority of the community already understands the differences between the two types of drugs.

The current study has investigated the morphological identification of some snails ofClass Gastropoda in AL-Diwaniyah City in Iraq. The findings show that there are threefamilies of studied samples, and they are Viviparidae, Thiaridae, and Melanopsidae of thespecies that are Melanoides tuberculata, Bellamya bengalensis and Melanopsis nodosa.More studies should be conducted in this regard, for the fact that normal fauna isimportant in terms of local fauna, and they should be kept under monitoring to avoidspecies extinction.

Insulin resistance is a detrimental globally common condition that is highly related to type 2 DM, as well as several different metabolic diseases. It can be diagnosed mainly, through many different abnormalities, like dyslipidemia or obesity, as well as impaired glucose levels. Many indices have been suggested for diagnosis of the IR, one of the most commonly utilized indices are the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance or the HOMA-IR, and triglyceride glucose index. HOMA and TyG indices, both are commonly applied for being relatively simple, non-costly, and easy to compute, particularly if compared to the gold standard method of the IR diagnosis, which is the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Objective: To make a comparison between HOMA-IR and TyG indices in their accuracy in IR diagnosis. Also, to investigate the strength of the relationship of these indices with BMI and lipid parameters. Results: HOMA-IR index had detected 38% IR individuals of the given sample, while TyG index had detected 51%. Though statistically this difference was not considered significant, TyG index has detected 13% more IR cases. Additionally, the relationship of both indices with BMI was shown to be highly positively correlated, though TyG index had shown even stronger correlation, as the P value in TyG was (0.0001), whereas in HOMA-IR was (0.033). Meanwhile, the lipid parameters had shown different results with both indices, where LDL-C was significantly inversely related to HOMA-IR index (P= 0.048), similarly total cholesterol though insignificantly (P=0.163). HDL-C had inverse relationship with HOMA-IR significantly (P= 0.014), and triglyceride had a positive correlation with HOMA yet, was not significant (P= 0.190). Meanwhile, TyG had significantly positive correlation with total cholesterol and triglyceride only, with a P value of (0.0006), and (0.0001) respectively. While the correlation between TyG index and LDL was positive, and TyG and HDL was negative, both insignificantly at a P value of (0.105), and (0.179) respectively. Conclusion: TyG index is more superior than HOMA index in IR diagnosis, and has a stronger positive correlation to the BMI marker. Whereas, the lipid parameters have weak relationship with both IR markers, HOMA, ant TyG indices.