This research discusses that the application of discretion often causes problems. However, on the one hand, discretion is also helpful for the Police in carrying out the investigation and investigation process so that they can quickly solve a problem that arises in the field. Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia was born to try to put discretion into the practice of criminal law. The Criminal Procedure Code describes how discretion is applied, but the measure of the application of discretion, whether this discretion is better to exist or not, the value of discretion applied in Indonesia, and how we can exercise discretion. It has yet to be answered, and it is often a problem in the field because it seems arbitrary; for this reason, it is necessary to revise Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Police, which explains what discretion is and how it is applied. The research method used is normative legal research, which traces the legal literature linked to the discretionary concept approach presented by Hart.

The Sea and Coast Guard Base (PLP) plays a vital role in maintaining maritime security and safety in Indonesia, especially in strategic waters such as the Riau Islands. However, the implementation of the PLP's authority in carrying out its duties at the Tanjung Uban Class II PLP Base has not run optimally. This study aims to analyze the authority of the PLP from a juridical and sociological perspective, as well as identify the obstacles faced and provide recommendations to overcome them. The research methods used are normative juridical and empirical sociology. The normative juridical method is used to analyze various laws and regulations that are the legal basis for the authority of the PLP, such as Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 119 of 2021 concerning the Organization and Work Procedures of Marine and Coast Guard Bases, Decree of the Director General of Hubla Number 13/VIII/DV-05 of 2005 concerning the Working Area of Marine and Coast Guard Bases and the Decree of the Director General of Sea Transportation Number KP.867/DJPL/2020 concerning the Patrol of the Marine and Coast Guard Unit of the Directorate General of Sea Transportation. Empirical sociological methods are used to collect data through interviews and direct observations in the field to understand the implementation of PLP authority and the obstacles faced. The results of the study show that limited human resources and equipment, lack of coordination between agencies, inadequate infrastructure, and complex bureaucracy are the main obstacles in the implementation of PLP authority in the Tanjung Uban Class II PLP Base. In addition, the low legal awareness among the maritime community is also a significant challenge. Based on these findings, this study provides several suggestions, including increasing recruitment and training of personnel, procurement and maintenance of patrol boats and supporting equipment, the formation of an inter-agency coordination team, the construction of adequate port facilities, and socialization and education to increase public legal awareness. This research is expected to contribute to strengthening policies and strategies for the implementation of PLP authority, so as to be able to increase effectiveness and efficiency in maintaining maritime security and safety in Indonesian waters.

The high divorce rate in Jember is a major problem in the biological and psychological development of a child. In this case the author wants to explore the parenting patterns of divorced families, both those who still maintain good communication between the three (husband-child-wife) and vice versa. There are several parenting patterns that parents can use. The author wants to try to know and describe the parenting patterns of single parents in an effort to shape children's behavior. The results of this study are presented descriptively through a qualitative approach in order to obtain clear information about the focus of the problem. The results of this study can be concluded, namely first, democratic parenting is the parenting of parents who interact with their children using how to provide freedom with supervision and second, permissive parenting is a parenting pattern where parental attention is valued less towards children or children always get whatever they want without control and limits
 

The creative industry is a sector that is growing rapidly in this era of globalization, but the development of the creative industry also poses challenges in protecting Intellectual Property Rights. This research aims to analyze the regulation of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in the creative industry from an international legal perspective. The research method used is a normative approach by examining various international legal instruments related to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The research results show that the regulation of Intellectual Property Rights in the creative industry still has weaknesses and challenges, especially in terms of law enforcement and protection of copyrights, patents and brands. This research provides recommendations for improving legal regulations related to intellectual property rights in the creative industry, including increasing international cooperation and more effective law enforcement.
 
 

The 2009 Narcotics Law, also known as Law 35, demonstrates a clear intention to deter people from committing drug-related offences. To achieve this, the law applies stricter penalties, including the possibility of the death penalty, with minimum and maximum sentences set based on the severity of the threat posed by drug abuse and illicit trafficking. These measures are crucial in maintaining national security and safeguarding the resilience of our society. This research consists of a legal review of the criminal offence of drug trafficking and the eradication of drug trafficking in Indonesia. This includes an analysis of Supreme Court Decision Number 5832 K/Pid.Sus/2022. The research methodology used is normative legal research, with a descriptive approach. The data for this research is collected from primary and secondary sources through the literature research method. The death penalty is expressly mentioned as an appropriate punishment for serious drug offenders in Law Number 35 Year 2009 on Narcotics. The implementation of this punishment in Indonesia is essential to protect the state, society, and public interest. The act of trafficking narcotics poses a great threat to these three interests so it is justifiable to impose the death penalty on the perpetrators. In line with Supreme Court Decision Number 5832 K/Pid.Sus/2022, the author agrees with the decision of the panel of judges who revoked the defendant's acquittal and imposed the death penalty. This decision is very appropriate for drug dealers who continue to carry out illegal activities even though they have been imprisoned.

Sexual relations do not only occur between different genders, but can also occur between individuals of the same sex. This problem in Indonesia often causes differences of opinion between those who support and those who oppose. It is undeniable that in the military environment there are also deviations in sexual orientation carried out by the perpetrator who is a TNI soldier in the verdict of the Military Court II-08 Jakarta Number 212-K / PM II-08AD / XI / 2020. Finding, analyzing, and explaining the viewpoint of military law on the existence of LGBT in the military environment was the goal of the study. The ruling of the Military Court II-08 Jakarta Number 212-K / PM II-08AD / XI / 2020 clarifies the criminal culpability of TNI soldiers who engage in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) actions. Legal theory, criminal responsibility theory, and the theory of legal certainty are the frameworks utilized. Normative juridical research is the methodology employed. Based on the findings of this study, the military's official stance on the presence of LGBT individuals in the military has been firmly established by highlighting the ban on LGBT individuals as stated in the TNI Commander's Telegram Letter Number ST/398/2009. As stated in Telegram Letter Number ST/1648/2019 from the TNI Commander, LGBT is one of the behaviors that soldiers are not to engage in since it goes against official orders or is not in line with soldier life norms. Furthermore, it is highlighted in the Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) Number 10 of 2020, in letter D number 1, that disobeying the TNI Commander's Telegram Letter Number ST/398/2009 dated July 22, 2009 and the TNI Commander's Telegram Letter Number ST/1648/2019 dated October 22, 2019, which forbid TNI soldiers from engaging in immoral acts with members of the same sex (Homosexual/Lesbian), can be seen as a violation of official orders under the provisions of Article 103 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. In accordance with the processes or mechanisms for resolving LGBT crimes guided by Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice, TNI soldiers found guilty of LGBT acts in the Jakarta Military Court II-08 Number 212-K/PM II-08AD/XI/2020 will face prosecution, sentencing, and criminal penalties in accordance with the specific legal regulations based on Military Criminal Law.

This study aims to analyze and describe the crime of child abuse by parents in terms of child protection aspects. Current developments bring about the evils that society suffers from: violent crimes and maltreatment. One of the most common are crimes involving child victims. Such cases are known as child abuse. Two main problems arise from this declaration. That is, the regulation of criminal sanctions for criminal acts committed by parents and legal protection of children who are abused within the meaning of the Child Protection Act. This investigation uses a normative legal investigation type with a legal and conceptual approach. This research is included in normative research, which is sourced from primary legal materials. Data were collected by using literature and document study methods. The results show that. The imposition of criminal sanctions on criminal acts committed by parents if they meet the elements of Article 76C are child protection against abuse of political activities, involvement in armed conflict, involvement in social unrest, involvement in cases. From Law. Elements of violence, involvement in war and sex crimes.

A correctional institution is a place that has the function of providing training for prisoners to carry out what the court has decided for them. The end of the judicial settlement process lies with the Correctional Institution, whether or not the criminal justice objectives are successful can be seen from the results that have been achieved and issued by the correctional institution in the entire criminal justice process. The type of research used is normative research, namely normative legal research or library research. The position of Correctional Institutions (Lapas) is as the final sub-system which directly deals with prisoners to carry out guidance. Tasked with providing community guidance and community services, guidance for correctional clients in accordance with applicable laws and regulations as well as rehabilitation and resocialization of law violators, even to crime prevention. The Role of Correctional Institutions in Indonesia is Linked to the Purpose of Punishment. The existence of correctional institutions in Indonesia carries out three very important roles, namely: carrying out law enforcement, the role of coaching and internal strengthening of correctional institutions. The suggestion that the author puts forward is that the government should provide the facilities and infrastructure needed by correctional institutions to develop correctional inmates with the aim of returning correctional inmates to society so that they can live independently and be useful in society. So that correctional institutions can increase their role and function effectively in providing guidance to inmates.

Democracy has faced various challenges over thousands of years, particularly concerning transitions that depend on social and political factors. The role of intelligence in democratic transitions is crucial but can be used to maintain power undemocratically. In Indonesia, post-reform, democracy has not been fully consolidated. The repressiveness of law enforcement and legal bias towards political elites are major factors in the decline of democracy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive nature, aiming to analyze the intelligence's involvement in the democratic transition process in Indonesia. The research approach encompasses analytical, historical, comparative, and philosophical dimensions. Primary legal materials such as legislation regulations are utilized as data sources, alongside secondary legal materials like books and journals. Data collection techniques utilize the PRISMA method, and data analysis is conducted deductively using the same method. The findings of this research indicate that the cycle of democratic transition influences both the democratic system and intelligence activities. Subsequently, a case study in Indonesia examines complex intelligence issues, attributable to regime changes and inconsistent political policies. Hence, a comparative study with Brazil, which is institutionally more complex and structured, is deemed necessary.

Corruption is a problem that needs to be taken seriously and is a legal issue in every country in the world, including Indonesia. The disease of corruption is increasingly rampant. The seriousness of the government in overcoming criminal acts of corruption is the establishment of Law Number 31 of 1999 as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. The formulation of the problem discussed in writing this thesis is Regarding the Application of the Criminal Act of Assistance in corruption. The research method used in writing this thesis is a research method carried out with a Normative Juridical Approach, namely Legal Principles and referring to Legal Norms contained in the library research method (library research), namely conducting research using data from various reading sources such as Laws - Invitations, books, magazines and the internet which are considered relevant to the problems that the author will discuss in this thesis. The assistance of corruption crimes committed by Widjokongko Puspoyo who helped Widjanarko Puspoyo receive gifts from Bulog partners caused Widjokongko Puspoyo to be punished for violating Article 11 Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning changes to Law no. 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption in conjunction with Article 15 of Law no. 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption in conjunction with Article 56 1 of the Criminal Code. Assistance in Corruption Crimes is regulated in Article 15 of Law No. 31 of 1999, in this article it states that the act of assisting corruption will be punished the same as the perpetrators of corruption in accordance with the provisions in Law No. 31 of 1999 as has been amended by Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. In Article 15 Criminal Responsibility for Assistance Crimes in corruption cases is seen from the extent to which the act of assisting the Corruption Crime was carried out. In determining the amount of punishment for the assistant to the criminal act of corruption, it can be seen from the articles violated by the assistant to the criminal act of corruption.