Tadris Mathematics students have difficulty understanding complex analysis courses when studying independently because many students still lack confidence in doing assignments and only rely on help from others. Learning difficulties greatly affect learning independence. This study aims to determine the level of difficulty in learning complex analysis based on students' learning independence. The research method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data collection technique used was purposive sampling by distributing questionnaires in the form of google forms given to 20 students of the Tadris Mathematics study program at UIN K.H Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan. Then the researcher conducted interviews with three students as representatives of classes A, B, C. The results of the study show that in general, Tadris Mathematics students have learning difficulties based on independence and difficulty understanding language in complex analysis courses. This learning independence can create students' ability to control and organize themselves in carrying out learning activities.

This research aims to determine the effect of using Scrapbook media on the speaking skills learning outcomes of Class IV UPT SDN Tabang No. Students. 24 Selayar Islands. This research is experimental research, namely the Pre-Experimental Design type. The population and sample in this study were all class IV students at UPT SDN Tabang No. 24 Selayar Islands, totaling 20 people. This research was carried out at UPT SDN Tabang No. 24 Selayar Islands. Based on the results of student activity before using Scrapbook media during the pretest, it shows that student activity is still not active, where the average score of student activity in learning is 5.68% and after applying Scrapbook media during the posttest shows a significant change in student activity, where the score The average student activity in learning is 95%. The results of data analysis, student learning outcomes after applying Scrapbook media to students' speaking skills showed that the average score of students experienced a significant change, namely 94.3 higher with a score range of 41 compared to the pretest or before the treatment was implemented, namely 47.16 with a score range 69. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the use of Scrapbook media influences the speaking skills learning outcomes of class IV UPT SDN Tabang No. students. 24 Selayar Islands.

This research aims to understand the school's policies in addressing learning difficulties of students at SDI Bimoku. This qualitative research uses a case study approach, with subjects being students experiencing learning difficulties and the object of study being the school's policies in addressing these difficulties. The principal and class teachers, who handle the students directly, are the primary sources of data obtained through interviews and observations at SDI Bimoku in Kupang City. Secondary data sources are gathered from books, the internet, and other documents. Data analysis in this study follows the Miles & Huberman method, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data is tested using the triangulation technique. The results show that learning difficulties at SDI Bimoku include both academic and non-academic challenges. The causes of these difficulties are internal and external factors. The school's policies to address student learning difficulties include initial tests, teacher observation during the learning process, remedial programs, and curriculum adjustments. These policies, implemented through various school programs, largely meet the school's expected outcomes, though some students require special and longer-term attention due to persistent learning difficulties. However, based on the obtained information, the school's programs have improved the grades of several students who previously had learning difficulties. Overall, it can be concluded that the school's policies through these programs are considered successful.
 
 

This research is classroom action research (PTK). The aim of this research is to improve the ability to write descriptive paragraphs through a hands-on based learning model for class X students at SMAN 9 Gowa. The benefit of this research is that it can add to the scientific knowledge of language, the importance of teaching Indonesian, especially learning to write descriptive paragraphs. Apart from that, this research is expected to be useful for teachers, for students, for the author himself, and for research. The subjects of this research are class male and 7 female students. This research was carried out in two cycles, and each cycle was carried out in 4 meetings including a test at the end of each cycle. The data obtained was then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The research results achieved after implementing the hands-on based learning model (1) can improve Indonesian language learning outcomes on the subject of descriptive paragraphs in class "low" from the ideal score of 100, while in cycle II there was an increase in the average score of 85.51, being in the high category with an ideal score of 100. (2) data from observations in each cycle showed a change in students' attitudes in a more positive direction. , namely students pay attention to the discussion of the material and students' ability to work on assignments individually increases. (3) Implementing Indonesian language learning on the subject of descriptive paragraphs using a hands-on based learning model can improve the skills of writing descriptive paragraphs in class X students at SMAN Gowa.
 
 

Transactional analysis counseling was developed from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and the discovery of the workings of the brain. The aim of this research is to find out about transactional analysis counseling philosophically based on the results of literature studies. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature study type. The method used in this type of literature study is to search for data or material by reviewing and collecting information from various credible and relevant sources such as scientific journals, articles, books and others related to the topic discussed, namely transactional analysis counseling based on ego state counseling theory. Then note down the important points that are appropriate to the research problem. (1) The results of this research include the Basic Philosophy of Transactional Analysis Counseling. (2) Main Concepts of Transactional Analysis Counseling (3) Objectives of Transactional Analysis Counseling, (4) Ego state theory, (5) Role and function of the counselor in transactional analysis counseling, (6)Counselee experience in counseling. (7) Procedure for Transactional Analysis Counseling Stages. (8) Transactional Analysis Counseling Techniques.

The research titled "Development of Physical Education Learning Media for Forward Roll Material for Third Semester Physical Education Students at UMMAH" aims to produce interactive learning media in the form of a CD for forward roll material. This research uses a qualitative approach, with the population being all third-semester Physical Education students at UMMAH, totaling 26 students as the sample. Data collection techniques include observation and questionnaires. The research results show that: (1)Validation by material and media experts declared the media feasible to use without revision after three and two stages of evaluation, respectively. (2)Students stated that this learning media facilitates understanding and increases learning motivation. The appearance aspect is rated good and simple, while the quality of the text and video is considered easy to understand. The overall average rating of multimedia quality is "very good" with a score of 4.33.

This study aims to determine (1) the influence of school principal's role on teacher work productivity, (2) organizational climate influence on teacher work productivity, and (3) influence of principal role and organizational climate together to productivity of junior high school teacher Kecamatan Batanghari Kabupaten Lampung Timur, as many as 170 teachers, were used as research samples of 63 teachers and 20 teachers of sample experiments outside the specified sample. Instruments used in the form of questionnaires previously tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis using Regression analysis.Based on the analysis, the following results are obtained: 1) The role of principal contributes to teacher work productivity of 3.2%; 2) Organizational climate contributes to teacher work productivity of 21.6%; and 3) Roles of school principals and organizational climate together contributes to teacher work productivity of 13.5%. The conclusion is taken that the productivity of junior high school teachers in Kecamatan Batanghari Kabupaten Lampung Timur will increase, which is influenced by the effective role of headmaster along with the conducive organizational climate applied.

This research uses correlative quatitaive research. The sample in this study amounted to 65 students of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program. The data collection technique used in this research is by distributing questionnaires using a google form link with a Likert scale statemen. Data collection uses a cyberbullying experience scale with 34 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.952 and a self-confidence scale with 40 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.970.The results in this study prove: 1) There is a negative relationship with a Pearson Correlation correlation value of -648 with a significance level of 0.000. 2) The level of cyberbullying experience in Guidance and Counseling Study Program students is classified in the high category with a percentage of 38%. 3) The level of self-confidence in students of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program shows 2 levels of categories, namely the low category with a percentage of 32%  and the high category with a percentage of 31%.
 
 
 

This article aims to describe (tell) the form of implementation of affective learning carried out by the Prophet Khidir for the Prophet Musa and its application today. This research uses library research methodology and is qualitative in nature, because the data collected uses textual analysis contained in books and journals related to models, approaches, methods and learning techniques. The results of this research are the first in this study to obtain an understanding of affective learning strategies. Both characteristics of affective learning strategies. The three models of affective learning strategies. Fourth difficulty in affective learning strategies. Fifth, the implications of the affective learning strategy carried out by the prophet Khidir to the prophet Musa. Sixth: Implementation of today's affective learning strategies.

There are two ways to process test results to determine graduation standards, namely Norm Referenced Test (NRT) and Criteria Referenced Test (CRT). However, they differ in data processing function, which affects the outcome of data processing. Because the author tends to process score results based on norms with the reasoning that there are no absolute provisions put forth by one party in one direction. Therefore, through this article, the author tries to explain in depth about this Norm Referenced Test along with examples of score processing. This study uses a literature review with a qualitative approach. The results of this study show that with Norm Referenced Test, students' graduation will be determined by summing up or finding the average score from the final learning outcomes, and that's how they will be declared as either passing or failing participants. Like the test results processing discussion, where out of 25 students, after calculating the average score it was found to be 67.92, therefore if a student's score does not meet this requirement, they will be declared as not passing. This means among the group table receiving scores below 65 will need remedial, while scores of 70 and above are declared passing..