This research aims to investigate various aspects including teachers' comprehension of the learning process, its application in teaching, outcomes assessment, obstacles encountered by teachers in teaching, and strategies to address these hindrances when implementing Pancasila and citizenship education using a scientific approach in elementary schools. This study adopts an evaluation research methodology employing mixed methods, drawing from the Facial Expression Evaluation Model and Sequential Exploratory Design. Data collection techniques encompass interviews, questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The findings of the research indicate that: (1) PPKn teachers exhibit a strong understanding of the scientific approach, with 66.66% categorized as highly proficient. (2) The implementation of the scientific approach in elementary schools is highly commendable, with 74.92% falling into the high proficiency category. (3) Student performance and teacher efficacy in PPKn learning at the elementary level are deemed highly satisfactory. Teacher efficacy, measured by student learning outcomes, stands at 66.66%, indicating excellent performance. (4) Teachers perceive minimal obstacles in implementing the scientific approach. (5) Efforts made by teachers to address obstacles encountered in implementing the scientific approach are highly commendable.

The main problem in this study is how the writing errors in the use of punctuation marks, commas, hyphens, exclamation marks and quotation marks in narrative compositions in Class IV of Manjalling State Elementary School and And aims to find out how the errors in the use of punctuation in students' narrative compositions totaling 12 student narrative compositions. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The data and data sources in this study are narrative essays of grade IV students of Manjalling Elementary School, Gowa Regency. The instruments used in this study were observation, interviews, and data from students' narrative essays. The results of the study showed that the results of the essays analyzed using descriptive analysis were still found to contain errors in the use of punctuation. This can be seen in the percentage of errors in the use of period punctuation 35.13%, comma punctuation 48.65%, exclamation punctuation 2.70%, hyphen 8.10%, and quotation marks 5.40%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are still errors in writing regarding the use of punctuation in students' narrative essays, especially in the use of periods and commas.

This study aims to describe the role of policy in improving the quality of learning using a qualitative approach. The data sources used in this study are literature study sources that include references from journals, books and other articles. In education, public policy functions to provide equal access to education, improve teacher competence, and develop relevant curricula. Quality education policies must adapt to the times, technological advances, and global challenges. Therefore, education policies are very important to produce a generation that is innovative, intelligent, and ready to face the development of a dynamic society.

Sunlight as a renewable energy source that produces heat energy from solar radiation. Radiation is the propagation of energy without an intermediary substance, so that solar energy can reach the earth's surface through radiation due to the vacuum between the Earth and the Sun. Radiation is the only energy that can propagate through a vacuum and reach the earth's surface through direct radiation, diffuse radiation, and total radiation. Solar panels are devices that can convert sunlight into electricity. The study aims to understand the effectiveness of solar panels in generating electricity, identify factors that affect the performance of solar panels in residential environments, and assess the utilization of Energy from Solar Panels that Can Reduce Monthly Electricity Costs at Home. The research methodology used is qualitative. The results of this study, the utilization of solar panels in residential environments shows varying effectiveness, Environmental factors such as temperature, lighting, cleanliness, and extreme weather conditions play an important role in the performance of solar panels in households, Utilization of solar panel energy in households can reduce monthly electricity costs.
 
 

This research aimed to improve students’ activities and learning outcomes of Mathematics in solving problems related to money on chapter whole numbers up to 100.000 by using project-based learning integrated with social emotional learning (SEL) for students at class 5 in SDN Pilangrejo 02. This research used classroom action research which carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle was carried out in 4 stages, includes planning, action, observation, and reflection. This research used observation, tests and documentation as the instruments. The data analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The result of this study showed the percentage of students’ activity in cycle I reached 58.84% and increased 87.23% in cycle II. The percentage of learning outcomes in pre-test (pre-cycle) reached 27.28% with average score of 60, it increased 72.23% with average score of 80 in post-test (cycle I), and increased to 90% with average score of 93 in post-test (cycle II). So, it concluded that the implementation of Project Based Learning integrated with Social Emotional Learning (SEL) can improve the students’ activities and learning outcomes of mathematics subjects at class 5 in SDN Pilangrejo 02.

Education is a conscious and planned effort to increase the potential of human resources through learning activities aimed at helping students develop all their potential and personal characteristics in a better direction. (Herdiansyah et al., 2021). The learning process is expected to enable students to improve their knowledge, attitudes and skills which are very important for achieving educational goals Types of Research Classroom Action Research (PTK) is a type of research carried out by teachers in their own classes by (1) planning, (2) implementing, and (3) reflecting on actions carried out collaboratively and participatively with the aim of improving their performance as teachers and improve student learning outcomes. Classroom action research is a type of research that aims to improve the quality of learning and includes increasing knowledge about values that can ultimately be applied, as well as increasing student activity and creativity.From the results of the analysis of the results of classroom action research conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Rejotangan to improve PPKn learning outcomes for class This is indicated by a positive increase for each variable studied. The results of classroom action research show an increase in learning outcomes. Problem-based learning (PBL) in Civics subjects can improve learning outcomes. The results of the first cycle of research, with an average of 70 results, showed that only 13 students (or 32.5% of the total students) and 27 students (or 67.5% of the total students) did not reach the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) for PPKn subjects of 75% . As a result, researchers had to continue the research to cycle II. After being implemented and improved, the problem-based learning (PBL) model was used in the second cycle of relearning actions. PPKn learning outcomes increased with an average score of 86 and a classical completion rate of 100%, with 40 students completing and 0 students not yet completing. Thus, researchers do not need to continue to the next cycle because student learning outcomes have reached the expected KKM scores and criteria.
                                                                                                                                                      
 

This research aims to increase students' interest in the sport of rounders with the Direct Instruction learning model. This research will be carried out at SMPN 1 Kalimanggis with research subjects being class VIII students at SMPN 1 Kalimanggis for the 2023/2024 academic year, and the sample used is class VIII A. This research is quantitative research with the type of pre-experimental research (pre-experimental designs) used in this research being one-group pre test – post test design. The research instruments used were observation and questionnaires using a Likert scale. The questionnaire or questionnaire will later be distributed twice during the pre-test and post-test. Before the post-test, the researcher will carry out treatment to deepen the material on baseball for the students. After the pre-test - post-test is carried out, the researcher will carry out data processing to determine the students' interest in the sport of rounders.

Research objectives: 1) to determine whether there is a difference in self-resilience levels among Batak students based on gender, 2) to identify factors influencing the resilience of transient students, 3) to assess the level of self-resilience between male and female students, 4) to identify low-scoring resilience scale items that can be proposed as counseling topics. This study employed a quantitative approach with a comparative research design. Data collection utilized a survey method involving 60 respondents, comprising 30 male and 30 female Batak students at Sanata Dharma University. The validity test confirmed 60 valid items out of 72, and reliability was established with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.756. Data analysis included an Independent Sample T-test to examine differences. The findings revealed: 1) no significant difference in resilience levels between male and female students 2) the resilience levels among male students were categorized as very high (17%), high (73%), and moderate (10%), 3) while female students were categorized as very high (17%) and high (83%), 4) several resilience scale items were identified as scoring low, suggesting areas that could benefit from counseling interventions.

The background for choosing the title above is because Enhanced Spelling (EYD) cannot be simply ignored in scientific writing. In other words, the use of punctuation plays an important role in making scientific written language effective for readers. The problem that will be analyzed in this research is how errors are made by writers of capital letters and punctuation in descriptive essays by fourth grade students at SD N I Demakijo? What are the forms of spelling errors in descriptive essays for fourth grade students at SD N I Demakijo.The aim to be achieved is to find out errors in writing capital letters and punctuation in descriptive essays for fourth grade students at SD Negeri I DemakIjo, to describe the forms of spelling errors in descriptive essays for fourth grade students at SD Negeri I DemakIjo.The method used in this research is qualitative method.The research variables are forms of punctuation and spelling errors in the essays of class IV students at SD N I Demakijo. The data in this research consist of errors in the use of punctuation marks in students' essays which are the object of research. The data source in this research is the sample. The research determined the data source in this research, namely student essays made by class IV students at SD Negeri I Demakijo. The data collection technique in this research uses reading and note-taking techniques. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive analysis. From the results of the analysis, it was found that types of language errors included a) errors in writing full stops, b) errors in writing commas, c) errors in writing hyphens, d) errors in capital letters. A form of spelling error is an error in using a period which is caused by the writer not including a period at the end of the sentence. The second form of error, namely errors in using commas, is caused by several factors, for example, in a detail or number, commas are not found between the elements. The third form of error is the use of hyphens because they were not included in the student's essay. The last form of error is a capital letter error which is caused by the writer not using a capital letter to start a sentence.
 
 

This study aims to examine teachers' perspectives on ChatGPT at SMK Negeri 1 Bangli. This study wants to determine the effectiveness of ChatGPT in helping students understand lesson concepts, ease of access to information, and its impact on student motivation and engagement in learning. In addition, this study also wants to explore teachers' concerns related to the use of ChatGPT, such as the potential for students' dependence on technology and the occurrence of delays in students in various aspects. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a data collection method through interviews with 9 teachers at SMK Negeri 1 Bangli. The results show that the majority of teachers are aware of the potential of ChatGPT in increasing students' motivation to learn, but are also worried about students' dependence on this technology. The study concluded that ChatGPT has the potential to improve the quality of education, but it needs to be used responsibly to avoid the negative impact it can have. Teachers need to understand the potential and drawbacks of ChatGPT to teach students how to use it responsibly. Schools need to create clear policies about the use of ChatGPT in learning. ChatGPT developers need to continue to improve the accuracy and relevance of the information generated by ChatGPT.