The concept of management in guidance and counseling is the process of planning, designing, organizing, and directing in the process of providing guidance and counseling services in a school or an organization. The method used in this research is the literature study method, which is a written summary that includes articles from journals, books, and other documents that define theories and provide information. The results of this study include: (1) the concept of management in counseling guidance, (2) the principles of applying guidance and counseling management, (3) organizational patterns in guidance and counseling, (4) stages of applying management in guidance and counseling, and (5) forms of evaluation in the process of guidance and counseling services.

A serious problem faced by the Indonesian people is the orientation of the current education system which focuses too much on developing the left brain (cognitive) and pays too little attention to developing the right brain (affective, empathy and feeling). The learning process is passive and rigid, which makes it unpleasant for children. Subjects related to character education (such as character and religion) emphasize the left brain aspect (memorization, or just knowledge) in practice. This can damage children's character and hinder their creativity. In fact, character formation must be carried out systematically and continuously involving aspects of knowledge, feeling, loving and acting. Character formation can be likened to the formation of a person into a body builder (bodybuilder) who requires continuous moral muscle training to become sturdy and strong. Apart from that, the success of character education must also be supported by a good and enjoyable educational environment for children. Character education is needed not only at school, but also at home and in social environments.

Early reading is an important foundation in mastering language skills, especially for first grade elementary school students. Problems that often arise at this stage include difficulty in recognizing letters, arranging letters into words, and pronunciation and understanding simple reading. This study aims to analyze the early reading skills of first grade students in terms of cognitive and psychomotor aspects, and to identify factors that hinder their achievement. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with test instruments to assess cognitive abilities and observations to assess psychomotor skills. The subjects of the study consisted of five first grade students. The results showed that most students had very good cognitive abilities in early reading, but their psychomotor abilities tended to be low. A gap was found between theoretical understanding and practical skills of students. This finding emphasizes the importance of a balanced and holistic learning strategy so that students not only understand conceptually, but are also able to apply reading skills in real life.

To improve the understanding of fifth grade elementary school students about the material of free morphemes and bound morphemes, this type of research is research and development (R&D). The results of the preliminary study showed that there was no learning media that facilitated learning and that students did not understand free morphemes and bound morphemes. Based on these findings, the author plans to create an illustrated e-book called "The Adventures of Bound and Free Morphemes" to improve students' understanding in fifth grade elementary school. The results of the validation of the first material expert and media expert showed that the e-book received a score of 70.7% and was included in the category. Thus, it can be concluded that the e-book is valid and practical to use to improve students' understanding.

Social media has become an important part of modern society, including in Indonesia. Its rapid development has a significant influence on various aspects of life, one of which is language. The influence of social media on the development of the Indonesian language is often seen from the emergence of new terms, the use of informal language, and the simplification of sentence structures. Language changes influenced by social media raise concerns about the decline in the ability to speak good and correct Indonesian, especially among the younger generation. This study aims to determine the influence of social media on the development of the Indonesian language among teenagers. The findings include the entry of absorption from foreign languages, especially English. Words such as "selfie", "hashtag", "viral", and "followers" are examples of new vocabulary that originally came from English but are now widely used by Indonesian speakers. The influence of social media on the development of vocabulary in Indonesian can also be seen from the use of abbreviations and acronyms. Due to character limitations on some platforms such as Twitter, users often use abbreviations to express themselves.

This research discusses the impact of using 3D animation, especially using the Plotagon Studio application, on material on organizational movement towards independence at Cendana DDI Samarinda Middle School, which has several objectives: 1) To find out the procedures for implementing learning with 3D animation using the Plotagon Studio application. 2) to find out how teachers and students respond to learning using 3D animation, especially with the Plotagon Studio application at SMP Cendana DDI Samarinda. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research reveal that when using the Plotagon Studio application there are several procedures that need to be carried out. Apart from that, there were responses obtained from teachers and students regarding the use of 3D animation videos and the use of the Plotagon Studio application at SMP Cendana DDI Samarinda.

Ludruk "Sogol Pendekar Sumur Gemuling" is a performing art work rich in human values. In this analysis, the theme of solidarity is highlighted through the interaction of characters who support each other in facing challenges. The courage of the characters in fighting for the truth and protecting the weak illustrates the essence of human struggle in everyday life. Intelligent and meaningful dialogues lead the audience to reflect on their role in the community, as well as the importance of respecting and helping each other. In addition, the sacrifices shown by the main characters provide a deeper dimension to the understanding of human values. These sacrifices are not only physical, but also emotional, reflecting the complexity of human relationships. Through these elements, this ludruk successfully invites the audience to absorb the importance of empathy and a sense of social responsibility. Thus, "Sogol Pendekar Sumur Gemuling" is not only entertainment, but also a means of reflection on the noble values that must be upheld in community life.

Computational thinking skills are one of the important competencies in the world of education in the 21st century, especially in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). GNU Octave as an open source software similar to MATLAB offers a numeric programming environment that can be used to train and develop students' computational thinking skills. Researchers use a literature study method that aims to see the extent to which GNU Octave can be used in learning to improve students' computational thinking skills. The literature sources used come from national and international journal articles, conference proceedings, and other trusted sources over the past 10 years. The results of the review show that GNU Octave is effective as a learning tool for numeric programming, problem solving, and mathematical modeling, and has a positive contribution to honing students' algorithmic and analytical thinking skills.

This study aims to integrate the learning of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) with the traditional hula hoop game in Pramuka Siaga extracurricular activities at MIS Dadirejo. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The subjects of the study include fourth and fifth-grade students actively participating in Pramuka activities. Data collection techniques involve observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the innovative use of hula hoop games can enhance students' motor skills, such as body coordination and balance, as well as their understanding of concepts like force, energy, and gravity taught in IPAS subjects. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating traditional games into active learning to simultaneously improve students' physical and academic skills.

The development of the Toba Caldera Geopark as a national priority tourism destination is part of the government’s efforts to drive regional economic growth, improve community welfare, and strengthen Indonesia’s position in sustainable tourism. However, its implementation presents significant challenges in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and social justice, particularly for indigenous communities around the area. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Toba Caldera Geopark development policy on the environment and local indigenous communities. A multidisciplinary approach was employed, combining qualitative methods through in-depth interviews and participatory observations, along with quantitative data from surveys and official secondary sources. The results indicate potential conflicts between tourism infrastructure development and nature conservation, including environmental degradation and the erosion of local cultural values. Additionally, there is a risk of marginalization of indigenous communities in terms of access to natural resources and their involvement in decision-making processes. Therefore, this study recommends the need for more inclusive and sustainable policies that place indigenous communities at the center of geopark management. Active participation of local communities, recognition of customary land rights, and development approaches based on local wisdom are essential to achieving equitable, sustainable, and environmentally responsible development of the Toba Caldera Geopark.