This research aims to explore effective communication in Physical Education, Health and Recreation learning, with a focus on the role of Indonesian as an essential language of instruction. The method used was a questionnaire distributed to several Medan State University students to collect data regarding their perceptions regarding the clarity of instructions, understanding of the material, and its impact on learning motivation. The questionnaire consists of 20 questions to measure students' level of agreement with various aspects of communication in learning. The results of data analysis showed that 96.5% of respondents felt that clear and effective communication from teachers greatly contributed to understanding the subject matter and significantly increased their motivation in attending class. These findings confirm that good and correct use of Indonesian is very important in creating a more interactive and effective learning environment in the fields of Physical Education, Health and Recreation. It is hoped that this research can provide insight for teachers and educators about the importance of communication strategies in improving the quality of learning.

Resistance to change (RTC) is a significant challenge in implementing educational reforms, particularly in the 21st century. This study explores strategies to overcome RTC among educators, using a qualitative approach involving 20 teachers from diverse backgrounds. Data collected through open-ended questions and a Likert scale reveal that Facilitation and Support (85%) and Negotiation and Agreement (90%) are the most effective strategies, highlighting the importance of training, resource allocation, and incentives in fostering adaptability. Participation and Involvement (75%) also proves effective by enhancing teacher commitment through collaborative decision-making. In contrast, Manipulation and Co-optation and authority-driven strategies are viewed as less sustainable, with respondents expressing concerns over their long-term impact. Challenges such as frequent curriculum changes, limited technological proficiency, and unclear communication exacerbate RTC. This study emphasizes the need for practical strategies like direct support, collaboration, and motivational incentives to address resistance effectively. The findings extend Kotter and Schlesinger’s framework by contextualizing it within educational settings and highlight the interplay between external pressures for reform and internal resistance mechanisms. By aligning resources, fostering collaboration, and incentivizing participation, schools can navigate the complexities of change and reduce resistance among educators.
 
 

The film "Wicked," adapted from the novel by Gregory Maguire, offered a new perspective on the character Elphaba, who was known as the wicked witch in the classic story "The Wizard of Oz." This research aimed to explore how Elphaba's character challenged the negative stereotypes associated with her and highlighted the importance of representing complex characters in media. This study was descriptive in nature, employing a semiotic approach to analyze the signs and meanings contained within Elphaba's character, as well as the social critique implications that arose. The findings indicated that Elphaba was not merely perceived as a symbol of evil but also served as a representation of empowerment for marginalized individuals, reflecting the complexities of identity and the struggle against social stigma. Elphaba's character illustrated a journey of transformation from ostracism to self-acceptance, inspiring audiences to understand and appreciate diversity and the challenges faced by those considered different. The film invited viewers to reflect on how societal judgments were often based on physical appearance and encouraged them to celebrate differences. The implications of this social critique were significant, as they could foster empathy and positive change within society, as well as raise awareness of the importance of embracing individual uniqueness.
 

This research was motivated by the lack of students' interest in English lessons, especially in writing descriptive texts. The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which the use of the Wattpad application could influence students' ability to write descriptive texts. This research was conducted at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang in the first-grades students in the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023. This research was a quantitative study using an experimental method. The sample of this research was 50 students. The research method used was a true experiment with a post-test only control design. The result of the research, there is a significant difference between the writing scores of the experimental class and the control class where the post-test scores of the experimental class are higher. It can be seen that the mean value of the control class is 62,12 while the experimental class is 75,64. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of using the Wattpad application on the ability of the first-grade students at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang to write descriptive texts. based on student’s feedback using Wattpad application, the results show a strong positive trend across all questions related to Wattpad. Respondents tend to strongly support the statements provided. Mostly showed a positive “Strongly Agree” toward each statement, with only a few being neutral, disagreeing, or strongly disagreeing suggesting that the students had a favorable perception to the Implementation of the Duolingo application on the writing skill of the eleventh-grade students at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang.

English Language Learner might be good in English mainly on grammar, but that doesn’t determine that they are good in transforming information from source language to target language or so called translation. Translation is necessary since it is crucial for individuals who are not fluent in English. This research used descriptive qualitative in analyzing translation techniques and readability. The data sources were the English and Indonesian versions of a review text regarding the Harry Potter film series. The text was translated into Indonesian by nine ELLs (English students at Islamic University of Majapahit). The data were gathered by note-taking procedures and then evaluated using content analysis methods. Three readers served as raters, evaluating the readability of the translated review content. According to the findings, the ELLs used 13 techniques, the most dominant of which was amplification (22.81%), followed by reduction (20.80%) and borrowing. The ELLs' translation text had a high readability score (score 3) ranging from 23.14% to 0.59%. This data reveals that ELLs provided readable translation results on average. Furthermore, the average readability value has been classified as highly readable.

The objective of the research was to describe tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction at Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The research questions in this research was they were what were tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction. Setting of this research were Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The qualitative approach in descriptive qualitative research design was used in this research because the data was in the form of words rather than the number. The data were collected by means of the observation and interviews. Then the data were analyzed by using transcribing and analyzing. The result of this research show, there were found 31 data; (1) 15 tag codes switching, and (2) 16 intersentential codes switching.

This research aims to analyze the quality of the Camera Translator application based on the perspective of Nababan’s theory. The reason for conducting this research is because of the importance of understanding the quality of the camera translator application which is increasingly used in everyday life and education, especially to overcome limited foreign language skills. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The research instruments used include the Camera translator application and translation quality assessments based on Nababan theory indicators, namely accuracy, readability, and acceptability. The data source in this research is written text, a part of a short story entitled “April in Moscow” translated using a camera translator application. The research data is in the form of text translation results from English to Indonesian taken by taking pictures of the text to be translated. The research results show that camera translator applications have varying accuracy, readability, and acceptability levels. From data sources totaling 63 sentences from part of the short story "April in Moscow", 41 sentences were translated accurately, 15 sentences were translated less accurately, and 7 sentences were not accurate. In terms of acceptability, 39 sentences were acceptable, 14 sentences were less acceptable, and 10 sentences were not acceptable. From the readability aspect, 44 sentences are readable, 12 sentences are less readable, and 7 sentences are not readable. In general, the translation results are quite good, however, there are several errors in the translation of certain words and phrases which affect the overall quality of the translation. This research concludes that the camera translator application has good quality in transferring the meaning of written text from English to Bahasa. It also can be a useful tool for translating texts in daily life and education, but users must remain careful about potential translation errors. Evaluation of translation quality using Nababan's theory can provide deeper insight into the advantages and disadvantages of camera translator applications.

This study explores the application and violation of Grice's conversational maxims in the animated films "Finding Nemo" (2003) and "Finding Dory" (2016). Grice's maximsquantity, quality, relation, and manner are key to effective communication in pragmatics. The research analyzes how these maxims are followed or flouted by the characters, affecting humor, tension, and narrative flow. Through a qualitative approach, the study identifies specific instances of adherence and violation, examining their impact on character development and audience engagement. The findings indicate that flouting the maxim of quantity often creates humor, while manipulating the maxim of relation generates suspense. This analysis demonstrates the role of conversational maxims in enhancing storytelling and character interactions in animated films, contributing to their narrative and entertainment value.

This research aims to determine the significant effect of implementing the VCT learning model on the speaking skills of class IV students at SD Inpres Talakauwe, West Bajeng District, Gowa Regency. The type of research used in this research is pre-experimental and is a quantitative type of research. The sample in this study was 25 students. Data collection techniques were carried out using learning results tests and observation sheets. Data analysis of research results was obtained from descriptive statistical data analysis and inferential data analysis. The research results showed that speaking skills before implementing the VCT (Value Clarification Technique) learning model in the pretest had an average score of 64. Meanwhile, in the posttest it had improved with an average score of 83.2. The results of the t-test analysis regarding the influence of the VCT (Value Clarification Technique) learning model on the learning outcomes of student participants show that the significance value obtained is good, namely the influence of the VCT (Value Clarification Technique) learning model on speaking skills (Sig = 0.001) is smaller than the value The alpha set is 0.05 (0.001 < 0.05). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, which states that there is an influence of the use of the VCT (Value Clarification Technique) learning model on the speaking skills of class IV students at SD Inpres Talakauwe, West Bajeng District, Gowa Regency.

The objective of the study was to identify the content analysis according to Cunningsworth’s theory in the English textbook entitled “Pathway To English Phase E” used in first grade senior high school by Th.M. Sudarwati and Eudia Grace. This study was a descriptive qualitative research with a documentation technique as a data collection method. This study also used triangulation namely triangulation of data. This study used content analysis according to Cunningsworth’s theory to analyzed the data. According to the criteria for selecting a good textbook which are: 1) aims and approaches, 2) language and content, 3) skill, 4) topic, and 5) methodology. The research was conducted from Desember 2023 to January 2024. This study was conducted at the library. To analyze the data, the researchers used qualitative analysis data. The results of this study will be the criteria for a good textbook according to cunningsworth 5 out of 8 criteria are present. Among them are aims and approaches, language and content, skill, topic and methodology. The research show aims and approaches get 93,75%, language and content get 70,83%, skill get 95,83%, topic get 87,5 and methodology get 100%. The average points is 89,5%. Additionally, the study shows that data is transmitted in the form of texts, instructions and conversations.