Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners typically spend around eight years studying English before entering university. During the last four years of high school, students get frequent and rigorous instruction in English tenses. In addition, when they Upon entering the institution, students enroll in the English department where they engage in a rigorous four-year study of the English language. The curriculum is built with a focus on teaching tense. Grammar is taught for a total of three hours each week over a span of thirty weeks per year during these four years. However, Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have significant difficulties in many grammatical aspects, particularly in the understanding and use of tenses. This article is a data analysis research that seeks to detect grammatical mistakes, including their nature, kinds, and origins. It is presumed in this context that you are now experiencing a difficulty, and I would want to know what specific issue you encountered in the past. The Past tense is used to describe previous activities that occurred either at a precise point in time, which may be indicated by a time phrase or inferred from the surrounding context. The past continuous tense is used to depict acts or occurrences that occurred at a period prior to the present moment.
 

This research discusses the role of the Indonesian language in supporting Indonesia's national development and the challenges faced in preserving and developing it in the era of globalization and modernization. The study employs a literature review approach to analyze the role of the Indonesian language in nation-building. The formulation of the problem includes the role of the Indonesian language in nation-building, challenges in preserving and developing this role, and strategies to strengthen the role of the Indonesian language in the digital era. The results indicate that the Indonesian language plays a crucial role in unifying the nation and enhancing national development. However, challenges such as globalization and modernization pose threats to the purity and sustainability of the Indonesian language. Therefore, increasing understanding and affection for the Indonesian language among the public need to be enhanced through formal education and the development of strategies that adapt to technological advancements and the times.

This research examines the optimization of brain plasticity in Arabic language learning through a neurolinguistic approach, using a literature review method. Brain plasticity, the brain's ability to adapt and change through learning and experiences, plays a crucial role in language acquisition. Neurolinguistic approaches, which integrate techniques such as task-based learning and the use of educational technology, have proven effective in enhancing language learning outcomes. Literature analysis indicates that learning techniques involving various sensory modalities and educational technology can stimulate new neural pathways, strengthening language comprehension and memory. Studies focused on Arabic language learning highlight that traditional approaches are less effective compared to more interactive and communicative methods. The use of technology such as mobile applications and augmented reality provides a dynamic and engaging learning experience for students. Practical recommendations include developing more interactive curricula, utilizing educational technology, and training educators in neurolinguistic techniques. This research emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the effectiveness of Arabic language learning, providing insights and strategies to optimize language learning through a better understanding of brain plasticity and neurolinguistics.

The title of this study is Intensifier Used by Female Characters In The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants Movie. It aims to identify and explain one of the women's language features: intensifier. The data was taken from the movie and its movie script. This research applied two theories, the first one proposed by Sardabi and Afghari, which is used to identify the utterances delivered by the characters. Whereas, the second theory is the theory of context of situation by Halliday. This research uses documentation to collect data, documentation obtained through observation, and note-taking technique. Then, classifying the functions of intensifiers used by the female characters based on the theory and analyze the context of the situation. In analyzing data, this research was analyzed qualitatively in a descriptive way. The result shows intensifier "so" is the most used intensifier in this movie. It has the ITE (increase the effect) function or basic intensifier. However, there is one function that does not found in this movie. It is negative-positive intensifier, this is occur because it relates to women's tendency to use polite language and refrain from swearing.

This research presents an analysis of increasing student engagement through the use of TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) in the teaching and learning process. Using a qualitative approach, this research explores the implementation of TPACK by teachers and its impact on student interaction, active participation, and academic achievement. Findings show that the implementation of TPACK facilitates the appropriate use of technology in learning contexts, enriches students' learning experiences, and encourages more active student involvement in the learning process. This analysis also reveals challenges and opportunities related to the integration of TPACK in curriculum and teacher training. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of TPACK in supporting student-centered learning and offers practical insights for educators in planning learning that is innovative and relevant to student needs.

This research aims to describe the types of conversational implicatures found in the novel Oriana's Wedding Diary by Ayana Kamila, as well as their implementation in Indonesian language learning in high school. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The subject of this research is the novel Oriana's Wedding Diary by Ayana Kamila. Data collection techniques in this research used note-reading and literature study techniques. The results of this research were that several types of conversational implicatures were found in the novel, including: 1) General conversational implicatures, 6 data were found containing general conversational implications in the novel. 2) Specific conversational implicatures, 4 data were found containing general conversational implications in the novel. 3) Scale conversational implicatures, 3 data were found containing general conversational implications in the novel. The results of this conversational implicature research can also be implemented in high school in several materials, such as anecdote text material, fiction and non-fiction book material, and finally in historical story (novel) text material. In learning materials there are often sentences that can be interpreted in various ways. By understanding implicature, it is hoped that it can reduce confusion in interpreting the meaning that students have regarding these sentences.
 
 

This research aims to find out how the implementation of the Pancasila student profile program has an impact on the formation of student character in 21st century education in Indonesia. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The data collection technique used involves collecting Library document sources. The results of this research show the success of learning the Pancasila student profila which strengthens the character of students in accordance with national education goals. So if the Pancasila syudent profile is optimized in its implementation, the Pancasila character of students will be formed.
 
 

This research was conducted to determine various language errors contained in the mini research reports of students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques by means of observation, documentation and literature study. The source of data in this research is a mini research report from students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program Class of 2022, 3rd semester in the 2023 Academic Year at Medan State University. Based on the analysis activities that have been carried out, various language errors were found in the areas of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.

Language is an important skill that must be learned to be able to do daily activities and adapt to the environment. Visually impaired children are not exempt from this problem, considering that technology in this century is essential and everywhere due to its convenience to use and the usage of technology that simplifies activities. Activities that are being done include learning. It is important for individuals who will later interact and teach children who have visual impairments, to keep up with news about the effectiveness of learning, one of which is knowing the role of technology in language learning for visually impaired children. This article is made using the systematic literature review research method to find out the role of technology in language learning for visually impaired children, what technology can be used for language learning for visually impaired children, and its effectiveness in learning. The technology that has the ability to read PDF text, convert sounds in various languages, convert visual information into audio, and learn through audio greatly facilitates the learning of blind children, whether it is language learning or learning in general. Technology that facilitates blind learning has a good effect in general on the visually impaired children, such as the building of self-confidence for the visually impaired children due to the increased ability of the visually impaired children to learn to identify their environment, the ability to be independent, less dependence on others, and increased communication skills due to language learning that becomes more accessible.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using visual media, specifically flashcards, in enhancing the vocabulary of first-grade students at SDN Wonorejo 3 Surabaya. This topic was chosen due to the importance of vocabulary development in language learning and the need for innovative teaching methods. The research method involved a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design, collecting data through pretests and posttests on 30 students. The results showed a significant increase in students' vocabulary scores after using flashcards, with the average pretest score of 59.87 rising to 84.47 in the posttest. These findings confirm that flashcards are an effective learning medium for improving students' vocabulary. The conclusion of this study is that the use of visual media like flashcards can significantly enhance vocabulary comprehension, supporting the development of students' communication skills.