Slang is a rapidly growing linguistic phenomenon among Indonesian teenagers, especially in daily interactions and social media usage. This widespread use of slang is predicted to impact teenagers' formal language skills, particularly in the context of proper and correct Indonesian. This study aims to identify the influence of slang usage on formal language proficiency among teenagers. Using a qualitative approach, this research was conducted through observations and interviews with several students at the Perguruan Indonesia Raya Foundation in Bandung. The results indicate that excessive use of slang can decrease teenagers' formal language skills, particularly in writing and speaking. However, slang can also enrich linguistic variation among teenagers as a form of expression and social identity. Therefore, an appropriate educational strategy is needed to maintain a balance between slang and formal language usage among teenagers

The discipline of children, which is not yet well implemented in the school environment, is very important in shaping a good character in children. The purpose of this study is to determine the importance of the teacher's role in developing the character of discipline in children through habituation in the school environment consistently. There are 36 children that we observed at Damhil Kindergarten, who show a focus on discipline. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method, where data is collected based on what happens in the field, specifically through observation. The results of this study indicate that there are children who have not fully met several indicators of discipline. This can be addressed by the teacher creating a positive environment without discriminating against any children at school.

This study aims to determine the influence and magnitude of the influence of parenting programs on the formation of high self-esteem in early childhood at TK IT Insan Mulia Wonosobo. Using an ex post facto quantitative approach, data were obtained from 60 parents of children aged 5–6 years through questionnaires and observations. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant influence of parenting programs on the formation of children's self-esteem (Sig. value = 0.036 <0.05) with a contribution of 7.4%. Although significant, the effect was still low, indicating that 92.6% of children's self-esteem was also influenced by other factors such as the social environment and personal experiences. This finding reinforces the importance of active parental involvement in parenting as school partners in supporting children's psychological development.

The social emotional development of early childhood ia an important aspect that supports the formation of their character and interaction abilities in the future. One effective way to support this development is through an interactive and fun play approach. Emoji board games are a creative medium for helping children recognize, express and manage their emotions. By using emoji symbols that are easy for children to understand, this game provides an interesting learning experience while improving children's abilities in communicating, working together and understanding other people's feelings. Apart from that, this game also helps children build self-confidence and empathy, which are important foundations in social interactions. Through a directed play process, children can develop social emotional skills optimally, so they are ready to face challenges in the family and school environment.

Early literacy materials can give a person softness of heart, critical thinking skills and creative understanding. The purpose of this study was to understand the ways in which teachers teach group B children aged 5-6 years about the concept of reading and to identify factors that may hinder the successful implementation of these strategies. This study utilized a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected by conducting observations, interviews and documentation. The research noted that teachers apply a variety of strategies in introducing core reading concepts including; whiteboard media as an opener, coloring as a habituation in recognizing letters, letter guessing games with smart wall media, storytelling, stage books. The implementation of these strategies has been quite optimally done at Ra Al-Kamal because the teachers are very enthusiastic and fast so that the learning process is carried out conducively. 

This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the novel “Danur” by SSsRisa Saraswati using descriptive qualitative method. The main focus of this analysis includes theme, character, plot, setting, point of view, language style, and mandate contained in the novel. The qualitative method was chosen because it allows researchers to explore the meaning and context of the text in depth, as well as understand the interaction between these elements in forming the whole narrative. The results of the analysis show that the main theme of the novel revolves around the supernatural experiences experienced by the main character, as well as the relationship between the real world and the supernatural world. The characters in “Danur” are built with strong details, creating interesting dynamics in a storyline that moves forward with several flashbacks. The time and place settings provide important context for understanding the conflict. The first-person point of view deepens the emotional experience of the main character, while the language style used creates an atmosphere that supports the theme of the story. This research is expected to contribute to the study of Indonesian literature, especially in understanding Risa Saraswati's works and the application of qualitative methods in literary analysis.

This study aims to improve the cognitive development of children aged 4–5 years through observation of learning activities in a kindergarten. This study uses a descriptive observation method with five children as subjects. Observations were conducted for two days to observe children's abilities in several cognitive aspects, including the ability to find solutions when facing difficulties, group small and large objects, mention numbers 1–10, and distinguish between various colors. Data were collected through field notes using assessment instruments compiled based on indicators of early childhood cognitive development. The results of the study showed that most children were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) category for all observed indicators, although there were some children who were in the Developing According to Expectations (BSH) category. These findings indicate that the learning strategies implemented by educators have been able to stimulate cognitive development optimally, and can be used as a reference in compiling further learning programs.

Early childhood is a golden age, where the formation of behavior begins at that time, because it can influence subsequent growth and development. The implementation of education for all groups and pathways requires good management, especially the classroom environment in early childhood. The environment is very important for children to receive education which must be planned and utilized to be able to support the achievement of children's learning outcomes. An indoor environment is a learning environment that is in a room, such as in a classroom, and is provided by the school for students to study. The problem in this research is about implementing learning by structuring an indoor environment that supports problem solving abilities in early childhood. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research which aims to describe the analysis of problem solving management in the environment. This research was conducted at Al Kamal Kindergarten which is located on Jalan Tegal Sari Hamlet VI, Percut Sei Tuan District. The research results show that the problem-solving abilities of young children can be improved by arranging the indoor environment with the child's size as a standard, the room is neat, considering the traffic of people when planning a classroom, separating noisy rooms from quiet rooms, classrooms and outdoor areas must be clean, neat and pleasant, how to store learning materials and equipment, placing items that help teacher supervision and arranging the beauty of the classroom.

This study aims to describe the application of the inquiry approach in science learning for early childhood. The inquiry approach is believed to be able to foster curiosity, critical thinking skills, and exploration skills in children from an early age. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with observation and documentation techniques. The subjects of the study were children in the Playgroup at Kiddie Care. The results of the study indicate that the inquiry approach can increase children's active involvement in the science learning process, such as when observing objects, asking questions, and trying to find answers through simple experiments. The application of inquiry also encourages children's communication and cooperation skills in groups. Thus, the inquiry approach is effectively applied in science learning in PAUD.

Beginning readingability in childrenage5-6years is a basic skill that is very important in supporting their academic development. One effective method for improving this ability is through interesting and interactive media, such as picture word cards. This media is designed to introduce children to basic vocabulary with the help of appropriate pictures, and remember these words. Using picture word cards can strengthen children's reading skills, because they combine attractive visual elements with direct reading practice. Through fun games and activities, children can gradually learn to recognize words, improve their reading fluency and enrich their vocabulary. This approach also provides a pleasant experience, makes the process of learning to read more interesting and reduces the anxiety that may arise in children when learning to read. In this way, picture word cards become an effective medium in supporting the development of early reading skills in young children.