This paper examines the evolution of regional governance in Indonesia since the reform era, beginning with the replacement of Law Number 5 of 1974 by Law Number 22 of 1999, and its subsequent revision into Law Number 32 of 2004. These legal reforms reflect the nation's efforts to balance centralization and decentralization, with the principle of checks and balances as a foundational element. The article highlights the central role of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in the formation of regional regulations (Perda), oversight functions, and budget determination. Through literature research, this paper demonstrates that the DPRD holds strategic authority in regional legislation, involving the planning, drafting, discussion, and ratification of Perda. In conclusion, the DPRD plays a crucial role in establishing a democratic and accountable regional governance system in Indonesia.

This research aims to determine the position of restorative justice in the criminal justice system in Indonesia and to determine the application of restorative justice in the criminal justice system. This type of research uses empirical legal research, empirical legal research is a legal research method that functions to see the law in real terms and examine how law works in society. The position of restorative justice in the criminal justice system in Indonesia can provide justice that focuses on the needs of the victims, perpetrators of crimes, and also involves community participation, and does not merely fulfill legal provisions or merely impose criminal penalties. In this case, the victim is also involved in the process, while the perpetrator of the crime is also encouraged to take responsibility for his actions, namely by correcting the mistakes he has made. The implementation of restorative justice in the criminal justice system can be seen from various policies and laws and regulations currently in force, but in reality there are inconsistencies between enforcement officials in implementing restorative justice in a case. In fact, many cases ignore restorative justice and result in the criminal being convicted.

This research aims to determine the position and role of music aggregators in the digital music industry and the legal liabilities of music aggregators towards the copyright of music creators. This is a normative legal research of a prescriptive nature with a statutory approach. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials, through literature study, and the technical analysis of legal materials using syllogism with a deductive thinking pattern. Based on the research results and discussions, it can be seen that music aggregators have a position as partial copyright holders of music that has been entrusted to them and play a role as distributors and managers of music royalties that have been entrusted to them. Meanwhile, the legal liabilities of music aggregators as stipulated in the Copyright Law are the recording of licensing agreements, determination of royalties in accordance with prevailing industry practices and fairness, and other liabilities that arise along with licensing agreements.
 
 

A traffic violation is an act or action carried out by a person driving a motorized vehicle or a pedestrian which is contrary to the laws and regulations in the field of traffic and road transportation. Therefore, traffic management and engineering is needed so that every motorized vehicle user has regulations in traffic so that they understand the use of road directions and lanes and the law is a guide to the rules and regulations of a society and must be obeyed. The main problems in this research are: (1) What is the process for resolving traffic violation cases committed by TNI-AD soldiers in the Legal Area of ??Military Court III-15 Kupang? (2) How are criminal sanctions imposed on TNI-AD soldiers who commit traffic violations in the Legal Area of ??Military Court III-15 Kupang?. This research is empirical normative research, so the data sources used are primary data sources, secondary data and tertiary data. Primary data was obtained from interviews, secondary data was obtained from libraries, journals and the internet, and tertiary data was obtained from dictionaries, Wikipedia and encyclopedias. Data were analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The results of this research show that (1) The process of resolving cases of road traffic violations committed by the TNI-AD was examined using a rapid examination process based on Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice and Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and Transport Roads. (2) The criminal sanctions imposed on the TNI-AD who commit traffic violations are fines and imprisonment.

This research aims to find out how law enforcement is carried out against perpetrators of recidivist criminal acts of theft. The research method used is juridical-normative which is analyzed qualitatively. The research results show that recidivism is the repetition of a criminal act by the same perpetrator, where the criminal act committed previously has been sentenced to a criminal sentence and has permanent legal force, and the repetition occurs within a certain period of time. When imposing a sentence, the judge does not mention the amount of additional prison sentence of 1/3 (one third) of the main criminal threat (the presence of a criminal aggravation due to recidivism reasons), because the judge will basically immediately impose a long sentence on the defendant. Crime prevention is a variety of proactive and reactive activities directed at perpetrators and victims, and in the social and physical environment, carried out before and after a crime occurs. There are two ways of dealing with recidivist crimes, namely, preventive and repressive.

This research aims to determine the legal responsibilities of coal companies in fulfilling their achievements due to the export ban. This legal writing is included in the type of normative legal research using a legislative approach including primary legal materials and secondary legal materials collected through document study and analyzed using deductive legal material analysis using the syllogism method. This research examines the implementation of the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 139.K/HK.02/MEM.B/2021 regarding the fulfillment and prioritization of domestic coal needs. The failure to fulfill the Domestic Market Obligation then gave rise to an export ban by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources through the issuance of Circular Letter from the Directorate General of Minerals and Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Number B-605/MB.05/DJB.B/2021. The export ban then causes coal entrepreneurs to be unable to fulfill agreements with foreign companies. Non-fulfillment of achievements due to changes in Government policy in the form of an export ban is analyzed and categorized as force majeure so that non-performance, compensation or cancellation of the agreement cannot be sued. The legal responsibility that can be carried out by coal entrepreneurs in the event of an export ban is to submit a force majeure situation and prove that their party has been in good faith from the beginning until the agreement is in progress.

Humans are essentially social creatures who need help from other people in meeting their daily needs, especially those related to economic problems. The economy is fundamentally related to agreements, as these agreements are created to ensure that both parties comply with and fulfill their obligations. However, in fact, currently there are still many default disputes due to debtor negligence so that the legal consequences are cancellation of previously agreed agreements, transfer of risk, as well as compensation for costs, losses and interest. Apart from that, resolving default disputes can also be done by filing a lawsuit by creditors in district court as in case number 59/Pdt.G/2022/PN Mkd. After going through considerations, the case was decided by the judge and granted in part because there was one of the arguments of the lawsuit which was not in accordance with positive law in Indonesia.

This article aims to examine the Role and Responsibility of Notary Related to Disclosing Beneficial Owner Information in Company Establishment. This research is a prescriptive normative legal research, using the statutory approach method and conceptual approach. The legal materials used consist of primary and secondary legal sources, which are analyzed through literature study of documents or library materials, and interpreted using deductive reasoning techniques and syllogism. The result to be achieved is that the notary is responsible for recording and identifying the beneficial owner. The notary is responsible in this capacity for ascertaining the identity of the beneficial owners and ensuring that all information related to them is correctly and accurately recorded in the company's official documents. In addition to ensuring recording accuracy, notaries are also responsible for reporting beneficial owner information to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights through online reporting systems such as AHU Online and the Administration System for Legal Entities (SABH).

In criminal cases, particularly corruption cases, judges have the absolute authority and duty to decide and follow up on these matters. The background of this writing is that corruption is an extraordinary crime that hinders national development and must be prosecuted according to applicable regulations. The issue with this decision is that the judges were not meticulous enough, as they acquitted the defendant despite the defendant's actions causing state losses. An acquittal (Onslag Van Vervolging) means that the suspect or defendant in a corruption case is not subjected to any punishment or sanction.The analysis focuses on the verdict No. 56/Pid.Sus-Tpk/2017/Pn.Kpg, highlighting specific details that deserve further scrutiny. The juridical analysis of this decision will address the formulated issues, namely the basis for the judge's consideration in issuing an acquittal and how the judge should have ruled. The judge's considerations encompass three aspects: Philosophical, Juridical, and Sociological. This juridical analysis will include an understanding of the arguments presented, the legal basis used, and the factors influencing the court's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges. Therefore, in ruling on this case, the judge must ensure the utility aspect so that the defendant is penalized according to the applicable regulations.The method used in this journal is the normative juridical method, employing legislative and conceptual methodologies, providing an analytical perspective on problem-solving from the standpoint of the underlying legal concepts, utilizing data from literature and the internet as sources.Top of FormBottom of Form

The use of cryptocurrency assets in Indonesia is still prohibited as a means of payment but as an investment instrument it can be included as a commodity that can be traded on a term exchange as regulated in the regulation of Law No. 10 of 2011 concerning amendments to Law No. 32 of 1997. The positive impact of cryptocurrencies in consumer protection such as cryptocurrency financial access can provide access to the traditional banking system, thereby increasing financial inclusion. There are also negative impacts to consider in consumer protection: security risks associated with theft or hacking of cryptocurrency exchange platforms and digital wallets can threaten the security of consumer funds. This study aims to analyze about consumer protection of cryptocurrencies in the digital age. This research uses normative research methods and uses qualitative data types. The results of this study show that consumer protection in cryptocurrency in the digital era, among others, preventively, in cryptocurrency trading transactions as assets is also strengthened by the Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Number 9 of 2019 concerning Amendments to the Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Number 5 of 2019 concerning Textile Arrangements for the Implementation of the Physical Market of Cryptocurrency Assets on Futures Exchanges. Meanwhile, if repressively to protect what is given after a dispute arises in the form of sanctions, fines, imprisonment, and penalties imposed a dispute occurs, regulated in Article 22 of PerBappeti Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of the Physical Market of Cryptocurrency Assets on the Futures Exchange, that dispute resolution is carried out by deliberation to reach consensus if it does not reach consensus the parties can resolve through the Futures Trading Arbitration Agency Commodity (BAKTI) and the State Court as stated in the agreement between the parties. Bank Indonesia reaffirms the ban on the use of virtual currencies in cryptocurrency, both in the form of selling, buying, and trading with these currencies.