The phenomenon of bilingualism and diglossia often occurs in societies that have more than one language, where individuals can choose a language based on the situation and the person they are talking to. This study aims to understand the perception of the use of regional languages by the Batak Toba and Mandailing ethnic groups in everyday communication. Qualitative methods were used with observation and interview techniques with students of the Geography Education Department at Medan State University. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Batak Toba ethnic group more often uses regional languages in communication with fellow ethnic groups, both on and off campus. Meanwhile, the Mandailing ethnic group shows flexibility in language use, with a tendency to use Indonesian more often, especially in the campus environment. Keywords: Batak Toba ethnicity, communication, Language choice, Mandailing ethnicity, sociolinguistics.

This study aims to analyze the proper and correct use of Indonesian, focusing on syntactic and semantic aspects, as well as identifying language errors that are common among speakers. As the national language, Indonesian has a significant role in education, communication, and culture. However, there are still various challenges in its mastery and application, especially at the elementary school level. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation of written documents, interviews with language experts, and literature studies. The data obtained will be analyzed using a thematic approach to identify patterns of language errors and the factors that cause them. The results show that errors in language use often occur in syntactic structures, including phrases, clauses, and sentences, as well as in semantic aspects related to understanding meaning. Most of these errors are caused by a lack of understanding of grammar rules and weak language teaching at the primary school level. This study recommends strategies to improve the quality of Indonesian language learning through the development of more effective teaching methods, which are based on the analysis of language errors. It is hoped that the findings can contribute to the improvement of students' language competence as well as to the improvement of the quality of Indonesian language learning.

The cultivation of character education values is an important aspect in the learning process at school. One of the effective and fun approaches to develop student character is through literary works, especially drama. This article aims to analyze the values of character education contained in the Sangkuriang drama and examine its potential as a learning medium in the classroom. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with the content analysis technique of the Sangkuriang drama script. The results of the analysis show that the drama contains various character education values such as responsibility, honesty, and critical attitude. These values are conveyed through conflicts between characters and storylines that contain deep moral messages. By adapting this drama into learning activities, teachers can shape students' characters in a contextual and fun way. Therefore, Sangkuriang drama deserves to be used as an alternative learning media based on local wisdom.
 

Literature as a medium to express ideas, emotions, or social problems that occur. This study aims to reveal the representation of romance in the poem "Aku Ingin" by Sapardi Djoko Damono by examining the use of figures of speech that contain romantic values. This poem is known as a work that is simple in structure but full of deep emotional meaning. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and content analysis method, this study analyzes the text of the poem to explore the elements of romance implied through diction, metaphors, and natural symbols. The results of the analysis show that Sapardi presents the concept of love that is calm, sincere, and does not demand explicit reciprocation. The representation of romance in this poem is seen in the simplicity of expressing feelings of love that emphasizes more on proof through actions and symbols rather than direct words. The use of metaphors in this poem strengthens the subtle romantic nuances, making love a form of devotion that is full of sincerity. The poem "Aku Ingin" reflects a unique dimension of romance that is different from classical romance, which is usually full of turmoil.
 
 

Psychological assessment has an important role in supporting guidance and counseling services. Through assessment, counselors can understand the potential, needs, and problems of students objectively. This article aims to examine how assessments help counselors understand counselees and describe assessment techniques commonly used in schools. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various journals and scientific sources. The results show that assessment serves as a diagnosis, prediction, monitoring, and evaluation tool in counseling. Non-test techniques such as interviews, observations, and questionnaires are used more often because they do not require special licenses. Meanwhile, test techniques such as achievement, interest, and aptitude tests are used in a limited context. The selection of appropriate assessment techniques and their ethical and professional implementation will help counselors develop appropriate interventions. Therefore, improving counselors' competence in conducting assessments is necessary.

This article aims to explore and understand the relationship between Arabic teachers' pedagogical competence and students' interest in learning Arabic among seventh grade students at Fatimah Azzahra Magelang Islamic Junior High School. This research is expected to provide in-depth insight into how the quality of Arabic teachers' teaching can affect students' interest and engagement in the learning process. This study used a correlational quantitative approach with data collection tools in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 16 questions for each variable. The research population was all seventh grade students totaling 66 people and at the same time served as the research sample. Data analysis was carried out using the Pearson correlation test. The results showed that there were 16 indicators on each variable (X and Y), with a normal distribution value of Asymp. Sig. 0.222 which indicates that the data is normally distributed. The linearity test produces a significance value of 0.033 which means that the data has a linear relationship. While the Pearson correlation test shows a significant value of 0.021 and a correlation coefficient value of 0.263. This indicates a weak but statistically significant relationship between Arabic teachers' pedagogical competence and students' interest in learning Arabic.

Literary works are works of art written using beautiful language and words to convey the author's thoughts and ideas to the audience. The stories in the novel raise many life values ??such as religious values ??and moral values. One novel that contains religious values ??and presents an inspiring story that is appropriate to the lives of today's teenagers is the novel Tekad by Wahyudi Pratama. The aims of this research are (1) to describe Islamic family culture in the novel Tekad, and (2) the relevance of the novel Tekad as an alternative literary teaching material in SMA/MA. This research is a type of text study using a literary sociology approach. Text study is one of the methods within the scope of qualitative research. Researchers use a literary sociology approach in analyzing Islamic family culture in this novel. Literary sociology is a literary study that views works as representations of society. There are two sources of data in this research, namely the novel Tekad by Wahyudi Pratama and Indonesian language teachers. The values ??in the novel teach good behavior and etiquette such as courtesy, mutual respect and mutual cooperation. This novel can be used as an alternative teaching material for learning to listen to literature for class

Motivation is very important for improving learning. Achieving learning goals requires motivation. Motivated students will definitely improve the quality of their learning and achieve better. In the learning process, of course, there are peers and lecturers as educators. This research examines how peers and lecturers' teaching skills influence the learning motivation of Economics Education students at PGRI Wiranegara University, especially for the Class of 2021–2022. This research uses quantitative research methods. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. There were 20 students as respondents for this research. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results of the research show that the simultaneous influence of peers and lecturers' teaching skills on learning motivation is 43.8%. Partially, the peer variable (X1) does not influence learning motivation because the significance value is 0.400 which is greater than 0.05. Meanwhile, the lecturer's teaching skills variable (X2) significantly influences learning motivation because its value is 0.001 which is smaller than 0.05.

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding children's language development as an indicator of their cognitive and social abilities. The study aims to analyze language acquisition in a 6-year-1-month-old child through Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) measurement, focusing on phonological, morphological, and syntactic aspects. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques including observation, recording, and conversation transcripts. The results show that the research subject has MLU values appropriate to their age development stage. They have good phonological ability in pronouncing almost all Indonesian phonemes, morphological mastery including basic affixes usage, and syntactic ability in forming compound sentences. This study concludes that MLU is an effective measurement tool for children's language acquisition and recommends using this method for monitoring language development in preschool-aged children.

For citizens who support democracy, ethics and human rights (HAM), civic education is an important instrument to shape their character and mentality. In the era of globalization and openness of information, the value of education which places a strong emphasis on strengthening human rights (HAM) values is very important. The design of civic awareness for theoretical approaches and literature research may actively involve the formation of citizenship, as discussed in this paper. This article examines the application of incorporating human rights (HAM) ideals into civic education instruction in educational settings using a descriptive qualitative approach. Civic education is an important instrument in shaping the character and mindset of citizens who uphold democracy, ethics and human rights (HAM). The political consequences of this research include the need for curriculum renewal, institutional support, teacher training and the idea that civic learning is a process rather than a means to achieve civic and human ideals.