The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the use of audiovisual media by arts and culture teachers in increasing the learning motivation of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Adiankoting. The method used in this research uses a quantitative approach. The population, namely all class Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 40 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant use of audiovisual media by arts and culture teachers in increasing the learning motivation of class ttable(a=0.05,dk=n-2=60)= 2,000, thus there is a significant relationship between variable b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 25.8%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=24, dk denominator=n-2=62-2=60) namely 20.85 > 1.39. Thus, Ha, namely that there is a positive and significant influence on the use of audiovisual media by arts and culture teachers in increasing the learning motivation of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Adiankoting, is accepted and H0 is rejected.

This study aims to explore the optimization of pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in the application of problem-based learning (PBM) methods at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran, North Tapanuli Regency. Teachers' pedagogical competence has a crucial role in designing and implementing effective learning processes, especially in the context of implementing PBM methods that aim to improve students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library approach from book and journal theories to explore information on how PAK teachers implement their pedagogical competence in PBM. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran have optimized their pedagogical competence in adapting the PBM method by focusing on the characteristics of student development which is carried out with a more personal approach. This study concludes that increasing training and development of pedagogical competence for PAK teachers through the application of PBM methods is very effective in improving the quality of learning at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran.

Ethnic and cultural diversity in modern society has become increasingly complex due to the influences of globalization, urbanization, and migration, resulting in multicultural communities. This diversity, while offering opportunities for mutual understanding, often gives rise to tensions, prejudices, and even conflicts between groups, especially when cultural identities are contested. In such circumstances, religion plays a significant role as a social pillar that can embrace differences. However, if applied exclusively, religion also has the potential to become a source of conflict. Therefore, inclusive theology, which prioritizes acceptance of differences without compromising religious teachings, becomes a relevant solution to bridge these tensions. Inclusive theology not only encourages intercultural dialogue but also promotes peace and solidarity by emphasizing love, tolerance, and respect for the dignity of every individual. In the context of the church, inclusive theology serves as an agent of peace actively addressing issues of ethnic discrimination and cultural injustice. This study aims to explore the application of inclusive theology in responding to ethnic and cultural conflicts in multicultural societies, using a qualitative approach and Ricoeur's hermeneutic analysis. It is expected that this research will contribute to fostering harmony and reconciliation amidst existing diversity.

This article delves deeply into the concept of Spiritual Restoration and Community: Rebuilding the Foundation of Life, with a focus on the text of Ezra 3:8-13. This research aims to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how the Israelites were interconnected in reaffirming the restoration of life through the reconstruction of the foundation of the Israelite nation. The research methods employed include biblical text analysis, historical studies, and an exposition of the cultural context of the time. The research findings provide a rich and complex perspective on the role of Ezra as a channel of God's will in restoring and guiding His people.

This research examines Judges 2:1-5 through a historically critical lens to explain their theological implications and relevance to contemporary audiences. The Book of Judges summarizes a pivotal period in Israel's historical narrative as they sought to defend their faith in the face of foreign cultural influences. This passage describes the warning of the Archangel of God to Israel for their failure to expel the Canaanites from the Promised Land, which had a detrimental effect on their religious and social dynamics. This analysis investigates historical context, literary composition, and symbolic elements, while also emphasizing central themes such as obedience to divine command, the impact of transgression, and the need for repentance. Using qualitative methodologies, including literary analysis and exegetical scrutiny, this study shows that loyalty to God is a prerequisite for receiving His help, while disobedience entails oppression and harmful influence. The continued relevance of this text serves as a poignant reminder of the necessity of upholding unwavering devotion to God in the midst of life's vicissitudes.

Dispensational theology is a system of biblical interpretation that views the history of salvation as a series of periods or dispensations in which God interacts with humanity in different ways, each with distinct rules and responsibilities. This writing aims to understand the development of the concept of dispensationalism, its literal method of interpretation, and the differing perspectives between Israel and the Church in God's plan. The method used is a literature review, analyzing various scholarly works and theological sources. The study's findings indicate that dispensationalism emphasizes a literal interpretation of the Bible, makes a clear distinction between Israel and the Church, and understands God’s promises as being fulfilled literally in the future. This system continues to develop and remains relevant in contemporary Christian theological discourse, including in Indonesia.

This type of research is qualitative research and aims to provide an understanding of salvation in John 3:16 and God's promise of salvation to every believer. Salvation comes from the Greek word 'sozo' which means to save, liberate, preserve, preserve and heal. When related to humans, salvation is healing from death or maintaining life. Where the first humans created by God were Adam and Eve in a holy state without sin. Humans were created by God to be given the freedom to choose what is good and what is bad. But humans choose the wrong path so that humans' relationship with God is severed and spiritually they experience death. For this reason, salvation is needed by humans who have experienced spiritual death. And salvation is received by everyone because of grace and it is God's action to make humans receive eternal life again. This research also examines the eternal nature of salvation for believers, as well as how God's promise of salvation brings hope and certainty to His people. In conclusion, John 3:16 offers a view of salvation as God's eternal gift, given to every believer in Jesus Christ and is the basis for Christian faith in God's redemptive love.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in shaping the Christian character of students at SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method and secondary data analysis. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers have a strategic role as educators, mentors, facilitators, and advisors in instilling Christian values ??such as love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and concern for others. Character formation is carried out through the teacher's exemplary life, integration of Biblical values ??in the learning process, application of real faith practices in everyday life, and a learning approach that prioritizes love and understanding of students' needs. In addition, PAK teachers are expected to continue to develop themselves spiritually and professionally to increase equal effectiveness. Suggestions from this study include the importance of improving the quality and competence of teachers, providing supporting facilities and infrastructure by schools, and developing contextual, interactive, and relevant learning methods to students' lives so that Christian character formation can take place optimally.

The Protestant Reformation had a significant impact on the development of Christian theology, especially in the field of Christology. This study aims to examine the thoughts of Martin Luther and John Calvin regarding the role of Christ in the process of human salvation. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study technique, which examines the theological works of the two Reformers. The results of the study show that Luther emphasized the personal relationship between humans and Christ as savings, as well as the real presence of Christ in the sacrament as a form of God's grace that can be experienced personally. Meanwhile, Calvin developed the concept of three placements of Christ as prophet, priest, and king which emphasized the overall role of Christ in salvation, and viewed the sacrament as a spiritual means to strengthen the faith of believers. Through this study, it can be concluded that Christology in the Reformation tradition provides a strong, systematic, and relevant theological basis for the development of contemporary Protestant teachings, both in doctrinal aspects and the practice of life of faith.

Opening a Catholic Religious Education (PAK) class for blind children is not an easy thing. Teachers have the capacity and ability to handle children with special needs such as the blind. The research entitled The Role of Catholic Religious Education Teachers at Karya Murni Special School (SLB-A) Medan was carried out with the aim of understanding the role of Catholic religious education teachers at Karya Murni Special School (SLB). Medan. by providing Catholic religious education to blind students. In this research the author used qualitative descriptive analysis techniques combined with interview methods with school participation, specifically: Principal, two Catholic religious education teachers, two Catholic religious education teachers and six blind students.