PE learning in schools will be optimal if the available facilities and infrastructure are adequate and the learning process focuses on the needs of students, of course, on the kasti ball game material. There are several factors that are obstacles, namely from the students themselves such as fear in doing blows, lack of confidence. This study aims to determine the effect of the modification of hitting aids and balls on the ability of hitting and throwing skills in the game of kasti ball for grade 6 students of SDN Gading 1 Surabaya. Data collection was carried out through student skill tests by providing modifications to batting aids and balls to determine the improvement of hitting skills in students. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical tests in the form of averages, standard deviations, variances, and inferential statistics using normality tests, t-tests, and improvement measurements. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that there was an increase in the ability of hitting skills in the game of kasti ball by more than 90% after being given modifications of batting aids and balls to students.

Drug abuse is still often found in the surrounding environment, especially among teenagers who are still at school. In Indonesia, drug abuse or illegal drugs is a use that is not for health but for recreation. Most drug users are among teenagers who are still at school, especially among high school students who can be said to be the time when teenagers are searching for their identity. The effect that drugs have on users will cause discomfort and can be psychologically disturbing for users. The aim of this research is to determine family social support for drug abuse. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. The technique for determining informants uses a purposive technique with five key informants and five supporting informants. The research results show that the causes of drug abuse are caused by the environment, high curiosity and other external factors that encourage informants to abuse drugs. The impacts experienced by drug abuse are divided into two categories, namely physical impacts such as withdrawal, while psychological impacts such as slow work, carelessness and difficulty concentrating. Family social support has four supports, namely: informational, assessment, instrumental and emotional.

An action that results in the existence of several planned activities and actions taken to accomplish a goal is called implementation. A set or system of plans and arrangements relating to educational resources that can direct teaching and learning activities is called a curriculum. With a variety of intracurricular learning opportunities, the independent curriculum allows students to freely study all the material and facilitates the development of deeper concepts. The purpose of this study is to: (1) Determine how differentiated learning is implemented in SDN Bacem's grade IV mathematics classes, (2) To determine the elements that facilitate and hinder the use of differentiated instruction in the autonomous curriculum for SDN Bacem's grade IV mathematics courses. This researcher does field research using a descriptive qualitative methodology. The study's findings demonstrate that: (1) Three crucial learning components of differentiated learning the content/content element, the process aspect, and the product aspect are applied in this autonomous curriculum. (2) Learning materials such as books and learning media are available to promote differentiated learning. Additionally, there are other constraints that hinder varied learning, such as a lack of infrastructure and resources and instructors' limited time to execute it.

Tebas Sungai Village is one of the villages in Tebas District, which has a very unique history and has experienced development from its formation until now, and is the oldest village, especially in Tebas District with a large population, and a high level of education. This research aims to explore what events were behind the formation of Tebas Sungai Village, know the development of Tebas Sungai Village from 1938-2024, and find out various aspects of the life of the people of Tebas Sungai Village, which include social, religious, economic, political, cultural and educational aspects. This type of research is qualitative research using critical analysis. The approaches used are historical, sociological, and anthropological approaches. Meanwhile, the data sources obtained are from primary and secondary sources. The data that has been collected is processed and analyzed through the stages of historical research methods, namely the heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography stages. The data collection techniques in this study include observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that (1) The formation of Tebas Sungai Village, Tebas District cannot be separated from the long history that began with the event of land clearing around the Tebas River by Sultan Muhammad Tsafiuddin I (1632-1668). (2) The development of Tebas Sungai Village from the colonial period, the beginning of independence, the old order of the new order to the reform, until the expansion of Sambas Regency.experienced significant changes and developments, especially in infrastructure, development, and community welfare.
 

At the junior high school level (SMP), students begin to recognize the importance of values ??of togetherness in diversity. However, this understanding does not always run smoothly because of cultural and background differences that can affect the way students interact with each other. This study uses a descriptive approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze students' attitudes towards ethnic diversity in class VIII of a private junior high school. Data collected through questionnaires will be analyzed to obtain an overview of students' attitudes towards diversity related to the topic and objectives of the research applied. The results of the study showed that there were no significant differences in attitudes between students with different ethnic backgrounds. This means that positive attitudes towards ethnic diversity are evenly distributed among various ethnic backgrounds, indicating that ethnic factors are not a barrier to social interaction in the classroom, where most students have similar views on the importance of respecting differences and working together with friends from different ethnic groups.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the socio-economic conditions of poor families on the formal education of children in Sialangmunggu Subdistrict, Tuah Madani District, Pekanbaru City. The background of this research is based on the fact that education is an essential need for human survival, and the quality of life of an individual is greatly determined by the level of education they attain. However, access to quality education remains a challenge for families with low economic backgrounds. This research uses a qualitative approach with the theoretical framework of symbolic violence as explained by Pierre Bourdieu, which describes how social structures can create and maintain inequality in access to education. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with research subjects who are parents from poor families in the study location. The results of the study indicate that the family's economic limitations significantly affect the children's education, as seen from the low level of educational participation, difficulties in meeting educational needs, and the psychological impact on children. Parents from poor families often face difficult choices between meeting daily needs and ensuring their children remain in school. The conclusion of this study indicates that efforts to improve access and quality of education for poor families are essential to break the cycle of poverty and enhance social mobility.

Online gambling has become a rapidly growing social issue supported by advancements in digital technology, particularly in Indonesia, with its large population of internet users. Despite being legally prohibited, its popularity continues to rise, creating challenges for law enforcement and significant socio-economic impacts. This study aims to analyze the social and economic dynamics of online gambling actors using a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis, then analyzed using thematic coding techniques. The findings reveal that actors, such as Koh Jimmy, learn deviant behaviors through exclusive online communities that provide operational techniques and moral justification. Economic motivation, social support, and gambling systems designed to induce addiction are key drivers of actor involvement. Although aware of legal risks, actors remain engaged due to community influence and substantial financial gains. This study underscores the relevance of differential association theory in explaining actor involvement in online gambling and provides recommendations for preventive policies through technological oversight, social education, and the strengthening of social norms. The results are expected to serve as a foundation for formulating more effective preventive and intervention measures.
 

This study aims to determine how effective the interactive learning media Wordwall is in increasing students' learning motivation in the subject of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) in elementary schools. Wordwall provides interesting educational game features, so it is expected to arouse students' interest and enthusiasm in learning IPAS. This study uses an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design in the control and experimental groups. Participants in this study were fourth grade students in an elementary school. Data on students' learning motivation were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using statistical tests to see the difference in increased motivation between the group using Wordwall and the group using conventional methods. The results showed that the use of Wordwall significantly increased students' learning motivation compared to conventional learning methods. Therefore, Wordwall can be an effective alternative learning media to support students' learning motivation in the subject of IPAS in elementary schools.

This study aims to describe the role of parents in preventing gadget addiction in children in order to minimize obstacles in the process of child development. The research was conducted at Rumah Baca Kita Buniseuri, DusunKidul, Buniseuri, Cipaku, Ciamis, for two months from September 1 to November 1, 2024. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study with purposive sampling technique, which involved parents who actively use gadgets and play a role in children's learning at home. Data were collected through observation, interviews, data reduction, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman technique with triangulation for data validity. The results show that gadget addiction in children can be overcome by the active role of parents in supervising and limiting the use of gadgets, as well as encouraging children's interest in reading through reading together and utilizing public facilities such as Rumah Baca Kita. This research has important implications in efforts to improve the quality of child development through collaboration between parents and non-formal education facilities.

This study aims to analyze the effect of sex education on the moral development of students at SMPN 1 Cipaku. The approach used was quantitative with a correlational design, involving 40 students as respondents. Validity and reliability tests showed that the instruments used were valid and reliable (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.838 for understanding sexual education and 0.811 for moral development). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant and strong relationship between understanding of sexual education and moral development of students (R = 0.720; p < 0.01). The results of simple linear regression showed that understanding of sex education has a significant positive effect on students' moral development with a regression coefficient of 0.546 (p = 0.000). However, barriers were found related to the limited implementation of sex education, which was conducted only once, causing inhomogeneity in students' understanding. This study suggests the need to increase the frequency and quality of sexual education programs that are more structured and sustainable, as well as the active involvement of parents to strengthen moral education at home. In addition, sexuality education should be integrated with moral values that are relevant to students' daily lives. In this way, a sustainable sexuality education program can have a greater impact on the moral formation of students in the future.