Waste management is a significant issue in Indonesia, including in Indramayu Regency, with the volume of waste increasing annually, necessitating proper handling to mitigate its negative impact on health. This study focuses on waste management at Ma'had Al-Zaytun from the perspectives of Regional Regulation No. 12 of 2016 of Indramayu Regency and Islamic law. A qualitative research method was employed, utilizing observation, interviews, and document analysis, with qualitative data analysis techniques. The findings indicate that waste management at Ma'had Al-Zaytun aligns with Article 15 of the Regional Regulation by implementing waste reduction through limiting plastic use and recycling, and waste handling through sorting, collecting, transporting, and processing food waste. However, the use of open dumping and incineration methods requires further evaluation to enhance effectiveness and minimize negative impacts. From the perspective of Islamic law, waste management at Ma'had Al-Zaytun complies with the principles of Fiqh Al-Biah, which emphasize environmental preservation, pollution prevention, reducing excessive consumption through recycling, and reforestation through tree planting—reflecting a commitment to creating an eco-friendly Islamic educational environment.

The rapid development of digital technology in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has significantly impacted Indonesia’s legal framework, particularly concerning digital privacy protection. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 as an amendment to Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) in protecting digital privacy during the administration of President Joko Widodo. This research uses a normative legal method with a statutory and content analysis approach to examine digital legal policy. The findings show that, although there have been advances in regulation and law enforcement, digital privacy protection in Indonesia remains fragmented and has not fully adapted to the dynamic development of technology. The absence of a comprehensive legal framework and delays in the enactment of a dedicated data protection law are major challenges. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of formulating more progressive and holistic legal policies, along with adaptive regulations to ensure the protection of individual rights in the digital sphere.

Personal data dissemination is a new type of crime that has emerged in the digital world. The rapid development of technology has led to various innovations in data storage, one of which is through barcode technology. Although it provides convenience, this technology also opens up new gaps in cybercrime, especially the misuse and dissemination of personal data stored in barcodes. The impacts of the spread of personal data include damage to personal reputation due to the widespread dissemination of personal data on the internet, the emergence of cyber bullying and sexual harassment, personal data that has the potential to be sold, and the distress and psychological trauma experienced by victims of personal data dissemination. The purpose of this study is to analyze how law enforcement against perpetrators of abuse of the spread of personal data stored in barcodes is reviewed from the ITE Law and the PDP Law, and identify preventive efforts that can be made to prevent these crimes. This research uses a normative juridical approach method used to examine applicable legal norms related to personal data protection. With a statute approach, books, scientific journals, and the internet. The results showed that, although the ITE Law does not specifically regulate barcode technology, the protection of personal data stored in barcodes is still subject to the provisions of the ITE Law and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection.

This study aims to find out and analyze the legal basis for considering the regulation of fine sanctions of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the health of mothers, infants and children under five and to find out and assess the effectiveness of the enforcement of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mother, Infants and Children under five through the regulation of fine sanctions. This type of research is empirical normative research using interviews and data analysis methods that are carried out qualitatively. In this study, the author uses a type of empirical normative research or legal research that examines written law from the aspects of theory, history, philosophy, comparison, structure and composition, scope and material, general explanation of article by article, formality and binding force of a law but not binding aspects of its application or implementation. The results of the study show the legal basis for considering the regulation of fine sanctions in Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the health of mothers, infants and children under five, because there are still incidents of childbirth outside health facilities in the working area of the Bakunase Health Center which can be at risk of maternal and infant mortality rates. This happens because there are still pregnant women who give birth at home because of impromptu childbirth so that childbirth does not occur in health facilities but outside health facilities or at home and childbirth is still helped by birth attendants. The risk of maternal and infant mortality can still occur. The effectiveness of the enforcement of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mothers, Infants and Children Under Five through the regulation of fine sanctions in the working area of the Bakunase Health Center has been effective for health workers. For the public, there are still many who do not know about the Regulation of the Mayor of Kupang Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mothers, Babies and Children under five so that there are still incidents of childbirth outside health facilities and childbirth assisted by shamans. Knowledge about childbirth, attitudes and family support in this study also has an important role in determining mothers to have a safe delivery. It is suggested that new regional regulations need to be socialized to the community so that existing regulations can run effectively. An obedient society is also a basic thing so that regulations can run effectively.

The growth of the coffee shop business in Indonesia has increased very rapidly. The growth of the coffee shop business does not only occur in big cities, but has also penetrated into small cities, one of which is Serang City. The proliferation of coffee shops in Serang City requires business people to implement effective marketing communications to achieve business goals. This research analyzes the marketing communication strategies implemented by three coffee shops in Serang City, namely Kalanoia Coffee, Aish Coffee Serang City, in attracting consumer buying interest. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive method, data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed with the 7P Marketing Mix concept (Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, Physical Evidence). The results showed that the three coffee shops carried out marketing communication strategies in attracting consumer buying interest. The strategy is carried out through social media as a promotional medium, providing various promo programs to attract buying interest, and collaboration with influencers to expand market reach. Although each applies a different approach according to their characteristics and target market. All three have their own uniqueness that can differentiate them from competitors.

Legal politics is used as a basic reference for someone in determining values, determining and developing law. Law is a set of rules which regulate, both in terms of the order of life of the nation and state. The legal product is born democratically through an agreement from representatives of the people who work in the legislature. The political law of regional autonomy implementation according to Law number 23 of 2014. No matter how much autonomy is given to the regions, the final responsibility will remain with the government. The development carried out by the government must of course look at the RTRW, because it is the basic reference for the development project itself. The National Strategic Project (PSN) is a program implemented by the government itself or a business entity that has a strategic nature to provide and produce an equitable development impact in order to provide an increase in community welfare and regional development.

This research examines legal protection of workers' rights in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative and normative approach, analyzing applicable labor law. Even though Indonesia has a comprehensive legal framework, there is still a gap between regulation and implementation. This research identifies three main aspects of legal protection: economic, social, and technical. This study also found barriers to implementation, including regulatory factors, culture and company capabilities. This research recommends the government's active role in improving regulations, supervision and law enforcement, as well as building awareness of all parties regarding the responsibilities and roles of individuals in building harmonious and just industrial relations

This paper examines the military cooperation between Brunei Darussalam and the United Kingdom, as well as its impact on regional stability in Southeast Asia, focusing on Brunei's non-alignment strategy as a small state. Using a descriptive analytic method based on a literature review, this paper explores descriptive data on the dynamics of Brunei's foreign policy strategy in building bilateral relations, the role of the UK post-Brexit through the Global Britain strategy in strengthening bilateral relations with ASEAN member countries, and the implementation of Brunei and British military cooperation in maintaining regional security stability through the presence of British Forces Brunei since 1963. This is supported by historical ties and the Garrison Agreement to strengthen the security of the country and the region without confrontation. Therefore, this paper shows that Brunei has managed to balance military cooperation with the UK and economic cooperation with China in the midst of great power rivalries and tensions over the South China Sea dispute, as well as its implications for regional stability.

This study examines citizenship as a constitutional right in Indonesia, focusing on the foundational principles of citizenship, the roles of state institutions, challenges in the enforcement of rights, and relevant case studies. The research employs a doctrinal legal methodology with a normative approach, incorporating legislative, case law, conceptual, historical, and comparative perspectives. Data is collected from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources through a literature review. The analysis reveals that the foundational principles of citizenship are enshrined in the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia (UUD 1945), which includes the right to participate in government, the right to decent work, and other social rights. State institutions such as the President, the People's Consultative Assembly (DPR), and the judiciary play crucial roles in the enforcement of constitutional rights. However, several challenges persist, including human rights violations, injustices within the legal system, and barriers to political participation. Case studies related to administrative issues in the 2024 elections, human rights violations in Papua, and the controversy surrounding the Omnibus Law on Job Creation illustrate practical issues in the implementation of constitutional rights.

Southeast Asia, as a strategic region connecting two of the world's major oceans, faces a range of maritime security challenges, both traditional, such as territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and non-traditional, such as piracy, human trafficking, and illegal fishing. This article discusses maritime security strategies in the region, with a primary focus on maritime diplomacy cooperation under the ASEAN framework. Using maritime security theory, maritime diplomacy, and a literature analysis, the article examines the effectiveness of ASEAN's regional cooperation in addressing the complexities of maritime threats in Southeast Asia. The study's findings indicate that although challenges such as strong nationalism and geopolitical disputes still hinder collaboration, ASEAN has made progress in building more structured cooperation mechanisms. The article emphasizes that strengthening maritime diplomacy between countries, as well as with global actors, is an effective step to ensure stability, security, and sustainability in Southeast Asia's maritime domain.